Carta al Director
Vaccine hesitancy and the challenge of controlling COVID-19 and other vaccine-preventable diseases
Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho
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profpaulomartins@academico.ufs.br
Corresponding author at: Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Patologia Investigativa, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Sanatório, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-100, Brasil.
Corresponding author at: Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Patologia Investigativa, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Sanatório, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-100, Brasil.
Investigative Pathology Laboratory at the Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
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"url" => "/24451460/0000002400000001/v1_202302281528/S244514602300002X/v1_202302281528/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta al Director</span>" "titulo" => "Vaccine hesitancy and the challenge of controlling COVID-19 and other vaccine-preventable diseases" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "74" "paginaFinal" => "75" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Paulo Ricardo" "apellidos" => "Martins-Filho" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "profpaulomartins@academico.ufs.br" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cr0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Investigative Pathology Laboratory at the Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil" "identificador" => "af0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cr0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author at: Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Patologia Investigativa, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Sanatório, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-100, Brasil." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We read with interest the longitudinal qualitative study by Yıldırım et al., which examined the reasons for individuals' COVID-19 vaccine hesitations and decisions that have changed over time in Turkey.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The authors demonstrated that vaccine hesitancy is influenced by negative information and news on social media, conspiracy theories about biological or economic warfare, the belief that vaccines are not protective, and the fear of side effects. On the other hand, it was shown that the fear of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 led to the acceptance of the vaccine for some individuals. The findings of Yıldırım et al. are intriguing, and they reflect the current challenges of health education in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccine delays or refusals have emerged as critical barriers to achieving optimal vaccination rates in recent decades. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten threats to global health alongside air pollution and climate change.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Uptake and confidence in vaccines can vary over time, even within the same population, and are strongly influenced by sex, educational level, sources of trust, and information-seeking behavior.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Furthermore, political ideology,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> reticence among minorities, and resource limitations in low- and middle-income settings are key factors that should be analyzed in implementing public health strategies to improve vaccination coverage and control of vaccine-preventable diseases. Social networks have a powerful influence on health decisions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Unfortunately, disinformation and the massive dissemination of misinformation are one of the biggest challenges in the digital era, and recent evidence shows a substantive effect of disinformation and misinformation campaigns on declining vaccination coverage worldwide.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> A global effort is needed to effectively implement best-practice recommendations for debunking misinformation,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> increase trust in science and evidence-based decision making, and improve the prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases.</p><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0005">Funding</span><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-08-08" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-08-16" "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0005" "etiqueta" => "1." 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