Original
The impact of magnesium sulfate on the gene expression of Bordetella pertussis (ptxP1 and ptxP3) strains and the incidence of whooping cough in Nineveh
El impacto del sulfato de magnesio en la expresión genética de las cepas de Bordetella pertussis (ptxP1 y ptxP3) y la incidencia de la tos ferina en Nínive
Ali Adel Dawood
Dept. of Medical Biology, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Read
Not available
Timeswas read the article
Total PDF
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S2445146024000384" "issn" => "24451460" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacune.2024.05.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "340" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U.. All rights reserved" "copyrightAnyo" => "2024" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Vacunas. 2024;25:214-23" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S244514602400027X" "issn" => "24451460" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacune.2024.04.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "344" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Vacunas. 2024;25:224-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "COVID-19 vaccination and web search on mental health: A worldwide infodemiological study" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "224" "paginaFinal" => "227" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Vacunación COVID-19 y búsquedas web sobre salud mental: un estudio infodemiológico mundial" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan Antonio Becerra-García, Sara Barbeito, Teresa Sánchez-Gutiérrez" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan Antonio" "apellidos" => "Becerra-García" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sara" "apellidos" => "Barbeito" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Teresa" "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Gutiérrez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1576988724000189" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacun.2024.02.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1576988724000189?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S244514602400027X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/24451460/0000002500000002/v1_202406161040/S244514602400027X/v1_202406161040/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2445146024000372" "issn" => "24451460" "doi" => "10.1016/j.vacune.2024.05.010" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "335" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Vacunas. 2024;25:203-13" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Knowledge, attitudes, and adherence of the Cape Verdean population to the COVID-19 vaccine" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "203" "paginaFinal" => "213" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Maria de Fátima Carvalho Alves, Janice de Jesus Soares, Maria da Luz Lima Mendonça" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maria" "apellidos" => "de Fátima Carvalho Alves" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Janice" "apellidos" => "de Jesus Soares" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maria" "apellidos" => "da Luz Lima Mendonça" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2445146024000372?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/24451460/0000002500000002/v1_202406161040/S2445146024000372/v1_202406161040/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "The impact of magnesium sulfate on the gene expression of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> (ptxP1 and ptxP3) strains and the incidence of whooping cough in Nineveh" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "214" "paginaFinal" => "223" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Ali Adel Dawood" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ali Adel" "apellidos" => "Dawood" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "aad@uomosul.edu.iq" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Dept. of Medical Biology, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq" "identificador" => "af0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "El impacto del sulfato de magnesio en la expresión genética de las cepas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> (ptxP1 y ptxP3) y la incidencia de la tos ferina en Nínive" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2711 "Ancho" => 3346 "Tamanyo" => 605147 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) The volcano plot displays the prevalence of genes between 2 sets of ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains at log2. The dots are color-coded to indicate the degree of gene expression. (B) The graph illustrates the distribution of highly variable genes at log10 expression levels. (C) This plot shows the mean–variance trend of log expression for 3107 probes. It helps in understanding how the variance in gene expression relates to the mean expression levels. (D) The UMAP plot provides a visualization of the distribution of the 6 groups. Each group is represented by a different color, allowing for a better understanding of their distribution patterns in a reduced number of dimensions.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0075">Introduction</span><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Whooping cough is an acute infectious disease caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span>. These bacteria infect respiratory system in children. The death rate from the disease is generally low. The death cases occur among children under 6 months of age.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respiratory droplets from sneezing and coughing, as well as from a patient's items, can spread the virus. The most concerning aspect is that the patient might spread the virus for up to a week after contact, even before symptoms develop. Disease symptoms may occur 5–10 days after germs enter the body.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient suffers from cold-like symptoms such as nasal congestion and a slight increasing the temperature. The symptoms start as similar to those of the common cold, accompanied by a dry cough that gets worse at night. The danger lies in the increasing frequency of nocturnal coughing attacks, which may lead to suffocation and death.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> This stage is followed by a more serious stage in which the severity of the cough increases. Then, the repeated coughing attacks accompanied by convulsions and successive bouts of rapid inhalation, followed by a long crowing sound similar to a rooster's crowing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The patient may suffer from vomiting, blue discoloration, and puffy eyes. The patient collapses and protrudes his tongue out, resembling as a death position. This intermittent phase of severe cough may last more than a month and enter the complication phase.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="p0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To avoid the transmission of infection, patients must be isolated in a hospital setting and patient's personal belongings should be disinfected. Children who have not been immunized should avoid interaction with those that are sick.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Booster doses should be administered according to the immunization schedule to children who have already been immunized to improve their immunity and protection against the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Administration of cough formulas, analgesic and antipyretic drugs, and antibiotics can be used as recommended by a doctor to treat symptoms.</p><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of free sulfate plays a significant role in controlling the activation of several virulence-related genes in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span>. By elevating sulfate levels, it becomes possible to transit <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span> from a virulent state to a non-virulent one. Up until recently, the primary recognizable trait of ptxP3 strains was increased production of pertussis toxins (Ptx). Consequently, the impact on gene activity led to a decrease in virulence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main aim of the current study was to evaluate the extent of pertussis surveillance in Nineveh Governorate between 2017 and 2021, with a focus on the effectiveness of the vaccine in reducing the occurrence of infections during this evaluation period. Furthermore, we have identified additional variations in characteristics between ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span>, which might have contributed to their widespread dissemination. This was achieved by comparing the overall transcriptional responses under conditions where sulfate levels were manipulated.</p></span><span id="s0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0080">Materials and methods</span><p id="p0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This cross-sectional study involved the analysis of medical records of pertussis patients directly registered at hospitals and health centers in Nineveh Governorate. Information regarding newly diagnosed cases of pertussis was collected from both public and private hospitals, as well as private pediatrician clinics. The database encompassed patients from 2017 to 2021 and included demographic variables, along with confirmed clinical assessments conducted by pediatricians and internists. The serological diagnosis was performed by detecting the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span>-specific IgM antibodies in serum samples. All patients were divided according to age into 5 groups (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0005">Table 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to a previous study on the expression of 2 alleles of pertussis toxins <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxP1</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxP3.</span> The impact of introducing magnesium sulfite into the growth environment of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span> was examined at different concentrations (0, 5, and 50 mM) for both the ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains. The alterations in gene expression were assessed using a microarray. Magnesium sulfate was incorporated into Bordet-Gengou agar to cultivate <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span>. Each strain of ptxP1 and ptxP3 was divided into 3 groups, with the addition of different concentrations of MgSO4 (0, 5, and 50 mM). The data for this research was retrieved from GEO, identified by the code GSE49385.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="p0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several computational tools, including STRING, GEO2R, R package, ShinyGO v0.741, iDEP 1.1, Meatscape, and UAMP, were used to examine the gene expression of roughly 3900 genes. For the expression analysis, the top 250 genes were selected.</p><p id="p0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The yearly incidence rate was calculated by dividing the population at risk—which was established using data on the whole population by the total number of cases of pertussis that were identified in a particular year.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Statistical assessment of qualitative data was carried out with SPSS software (version 25) (male-to-female ratio, age group distribution, and yearly number of cases). Differences between these variables was assessed using the Pearson coefficient test and statistical significance was set at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05.</p></span><span id="s0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0085">Results</span><p id="p0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0005">Table 1</a> demonstrates a significant decrease in recorded infection cases in Nineveh Governorate during the years 2017–2021. This decrease is attributed to improved vaccination coverage against disease during this period. The second group, consisting of children aged 1–4 years, experienced the highest number of pertussis infections. There was no notable disparity in infection rates between males and females. The data showed no reported injuries among individuals over the age of 15 years. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0010">Table 2</a> presents the distribution of pertussis infections across the districts of Nineveh and both the left and right sides of Mosul for the years 2017–2021. The left side of Mosul recorded the highest number of infections, likely attributed to its higher population density. Among the districts of Nineveh, Sinjar, and Ba'aj exhibited the highest infection rates.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The latter 2 sectors face challenges in immunization programs due to their large geographic area, village dispersion, and high number of nomadic populations. There is a significant correlation coefficient between patients and age groups at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01.</p><p id="p0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Supplementary File contains information about the expression of 250 genes, which is presented through 24 samples organized into 6 groups. These groups are derived from experiments where 2 different strains of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span> were cultured in the presence of 3 distinct concentrations of MgSO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span> in their growth medium.</p><p id="p0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Fig. 1</a>A of the GSE49385 cohort, the average gene expression is presented. The Log 2 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>.adj values, along with their standard errors, are plotted as dots. The black dots represent genes with stable expression levels closer to zero. The blue dots indicate down-regulated genes, while the red dots show upregulated genes. The number of neighbors used in the analysis is indicated on the graph. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Fig. 1</a>B shows the -log10 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values, which suggest that there is no statistically significant overlap in gene expression variation across the groups. This means that the differences observed in gene expression between the groups are not likely due to random chance but are possibly due to meaningful factors.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average log expression and mean–variance pattern over 3107 probes are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Fig. 1</a>C. The samples are color-coded into distinct groups, and the breadth of the distribution may be used to determine if chosen samples are acceptable for differential expression analysis. The dispersed values of the patient samples suggest that the data are standardized and mutually comparable, showing that the value distribution of the chosen samples is rather consistent. The uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) method can be used to reduce the number of dimensions in order to better discern the correlations between different samples. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Fig. 1</a>D shows the distribution data of all genes according to the 6 groups studied after log transformation and normalization. This graph likely provides insights into the expression patterns and differences among the various groups under investigation.</p><p id="p0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig. 2</a>A, the box plot displays distinguishable values of the selected samples. The values of the 24 samples are centered on the median, suggesting that the data have been normalized and are mutually similar, which means that all selected samples have the same value. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig. 2</a>B depicts the distribution of density curves in the current study. After log transformation and normalization, the data is represented by the figure. The intensity of gene expression dropped dramatically for all samples.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig. 2</a>C, the distribution of all samples is depicted, and the dots are optimally aligned along a straight line. At <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05, this alignment implies that the results for the moderated <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-statistic obtained by the test match their theoretically anticipated distribution. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig. 2</a>D shows the limma graph used to determine the correlation between genes. It recorded that 755 genes are shared between the ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains, implying a potential relationship or similarity between the two sets of strains in terms of gene expression.</p><p id="p0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Out of a pool of 250 genes, 10 genes were chosen based on their varying expression between 2 strains, which depended on the concentrations of magnesium sulfate. These selected genes are <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BfrD, WbpT, VipC, KpsM, Pgm, ptxE, ptxD, ptxB, ptxA</span>, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxC</span>. The results for these genes, including adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values, and their frequencies, are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0015">Table 3</a>. Additionally, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0015">Fig. 3</a> illustrates the extent of gene expression for the selected genes in both the ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains under different magnesium sulfate concentrations in the medium.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0020">Fig. 4</a>A presents an alluvial plot exhibiting the 10 selected genes, showcasing their individual adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values, and frequencies. Meanwhile, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0020">Fig. 4</a>B features a cladogram graph, which elucidates the relationships between these genes and demonstrates their closer correlations by classifying them into 4 distinct groups within a phylogenetic tree.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Result analysis of protein–protein interactions indicates the presence of 2 linked groups of genes using the STRING tool. The initial group included 5 pertussis toxin subgroups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxE, ptxD, ptxB, ptxA</span>, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxC</span>), while the second group comprised 3 genes: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WbpT, VipC</span>, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">KpsM</span>. The Pgm protein exclusively interacts with BP3403 which forms a distinct interaction. However, the gene <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BfrD</span> does not exhibit any binding with the genes from either of these groups, indicating its lack of association with them.</p></span><span id="s0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0090">Discussion</span><p id="p0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pertussis remains an infectious and endemic disease, and despite the availability of an effective vaccine, occasional outbreaks continue to occur, especially during the winter season. In Nineveh, the distribution of pertussis infections is influenced by factors such as standard of living and population density in specific geographical regions.</p><p id="p0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analyzing the infection data from 2017 to 2021 in Nineveh Governorate, it is evident that Mosul had the highest number of infections, with the left side of the city experiencing the most cases. Additionally, the districts of Al-Baaj and Sinjar recorded more infections compared to other regions, likely due to their higher population density.</p><p id="p0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current study revealed that the majority of infections were found in children under 5 years old. This is a characteristic of the pertussis that tends to infect this age group more than others. Moreover, the number of infection cases is varied from year to year, that influenced by environmental conditions and the population lifestyle. Hence, this leads to a question of whether vaccinating children with the pertussis vaccine remains necessary.</p><p id="p0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The outcomes of this research were entirely congruent with a preceding study carried out in the USA,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> which revealed that 90% of pertussis cases in children fell within the 1-year-old age category. Nonetheless, these findings differ from those of a previous Belgian study, which found that children aged 5–14 were more prone to pertussis. Moreover, they also contrast with other studies that suggested infants less than 1-year-old were the primary demographic affected by pertussis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="p0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A previous study in Iraq found that the prevalence of pertussis cases was greater in males than in females. This pattern is consistent with the findings of earlier studies that found a male bias in pertussis cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> However, it is crucial to highlight that the results of the current study on the gender distribution of pertussis patients may be impacted by the small sample size.</p><p id="p0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The conservative societal norms in Iraq contribute to a situation where females tend to have less social interaction, which could potentially explain their lower susceptibility to pertussis transmission via respiratory droplets. Furthermore, male-related activities like travel, social engagement, and other significant interactions might elevate the risk of pertussis infection in males.</p><p id="p0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unfortunately, the inability of certain households to provide their children with the essential vaccinations has contributed to the introduction of new illnesses on an annual basis. As a result, it is critical to encourage parents to vaccinate their children in order to limit disease spread.</p><p id="p0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this investigation is to quantify the possible impact of magnesium sulfate on the expression of certain genes. Thus, 2 MgSO4 concentrations 5 mM and 50 mM were used in the Bordet-Jingo agar medium. This medium was utilized for cultivating 2 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span> strains, namely ptxP1 and ptxP3. To establish a baseline for comparison, the medium without any added MgSO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span> was treated as the zero-concentration control.</p><p id="p0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To fulfill the main aim, a detailed examination of 250 genes was performed. Then, just 10 genes were chosen for this investigation. The findings of the investigation are displayed through protein–protein interactions and the existence of 2 groups with different gene expression patterns. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BfrD, ptxE, ptxD, ptxB, ptxA,</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxC</span> were the first group to exhibit high levels of expression in response to a 5 mM dosage of MgSO4 in the presence of the control group that did not receive any MgSO4 addition. There was a reduction in gene expression when 50 mM MgSO4 was used. The second group, which included <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WbpT, VipC</span>, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">KpsM</span>, had the opposite effect; at 5 mM MgSO4 compared to the control group, their expression declined, but at 50 mM it dramatically increased.</p><p id="p0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pgm</span> exhibited heterogeneous expression behavior, whereby the ptxP1 strain exhibited constant high expression at all MgSO4 doses, but the ptxP3 strain shown consistent low expression at the same values. The capacity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pgm</span> to serve as a marker for differentiating among pertussis strains is a pertinent aspect here. In Bordetella spp., <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pgm</span> is required for the production of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a result of inactivating the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pgm</span> gene, glucose and its related components will be removed from heptose residues inside the bacterial genome. On this premise, it is possible that decreased <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pgm</span> expression will result in bacteria's incapacity to colonize the respiratory tract successfully.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> This potential inability to colonize could potentially be identified in studies conducted on laboratory animals.</p><p id="p0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Until a recent point in time, the exclusive discernible characteristics attributed to the ptxP3 strain encompassed heightened production of pertussis toxin (Ptx) and superior respiratory colonization in comparison to other pertussis strains.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> However, a more exhaustive investigation into the phenotypic variances between ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains was undertaken by examining their overall transcriptional responses under conditions involving sulfate modification.</p><p id="p0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was noted that the ptxP3 strains exhibited reduced sensitivity to sulfate-mediated repression. This divergence in sensitivity was linked to an amplified output of several virulence genes, with the type III-Ptx secreted toxin, being one of the notable products of this increased gene expression.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="p0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The impact of varying sulfate concentrations on the upregulation and downregulation of transcription was examined within each strain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> This methodology serves as a valuable tool for pinpointing genes that are specifically regulated by sulfate within each strain. However, it does not provide a thorough knowledge of the absolute distinctions between these strains.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="p0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a result, direct comparisons of gene expression levels between ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains are essential. These comparisons, on the other hand, comprised previously unstudied sulfate root instances with levels ranging from low to high. This approach may allow for a more thorough analysis of transcriptional responses to sulfate concentrations across strains.</p><p id="p0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to microarray data, ptxP3 strains are less susceptible to the inhibitory effects of sulfate on undesired gene expression. True, greater expression of virulence-related genes occurs as a result of reduced sensitivity, particularly in settings high in sulfate radicals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="p0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When analyzing how the ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains interact with sulfate radical-mediated regulation using a microarray, the phenotypic differences between them became clear. Based on genomic annotations and the BLAST program, it is assumed that the present genes have a function in sulfate metabolism. From here, we may begin to promote additional study into the role of sulfates and their relevance to the pathophysiology of whooping cough.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="p0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phylogenetic studies have revealed that ptxP3 strains have their origins in ptxP1 strains, with this divergence likely occurring in the 1970s. In a recent comparison of genomes, 2 newly emerged ptxP3 strains were analyzed alongside 2 contemporaneous ptxP1 strains and 2 strains predating vaccination campaigns. This analysis identified several single nucleotide changes (SNPs) in genes associated with disease-causing potential. Furthermore, differences in gene deactivation and reactivation were noted.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">,</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Currently, our comprehension of the variations in characteristics between ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains, including how they control and exhibit virulence genes, remains restricted.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="p0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although it is tempting to focus on specific genes, the overall conclusion that the ptxP3 strain has increased expression of multiple virulence factors is more significant. This suggests that the ptxP3 strain is more virulent than usual, which may allow for more efficient transmission among immune-compromised animals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p><p id="p0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A previous study focused on a particular set of 12 deleterious genes in relation to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span>, the whooping cough causative agent. Notably, this selection encompassed the inclusion of the pertussis-associated housekeeping gene (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pgm</span>) within the targeted panel.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> A comparable study was conducted employing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span> isolates derived from individuals who had received whole-cell pertussis vaccines.</p></span><span id="s0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0095">Conclusions</span><p id="p0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The majority of pertussis infections were detected among children under the age of 5. Some residents' decision not to vaccinate their children has played a role in the yearly occurrence of new infections. The ptxP3 strains displayed reduced sensitivity to repression caused by sulfate. The Pgm gene acts as a unique marker, effectively distinguishing between the 2 types of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span> strains, ptxP1 and ptxP3. The analysis of microarray data revealed that the most notable difference in characteristics between the ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains lies in how they react to regulation induced by sulfate. Through genome annotations, it is deduced that the identified genes likely play a role in combined sulfate metabolism. This discovery has the potential to stimulate further research into the influence of sulfites on the pathogenicity of pertussis.</p></span><span id="s0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0100">Funding</span><p id="p0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work was done with self-supporting.</p></span><span id="s0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0105">Author contributions</span><p id="p0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Designing the idea, choosing programs, writing the manuscript, using software, writing the results, analyze, and clarifying the purpose of the study were done by the corresponding author.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2166825" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0010" "titulo" => "Aim" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1837592" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2166826" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0030" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0040" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1837593" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0030" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0035" "titulo" => "Author contributions" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack752079" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2023-12-11" "fechaAceptado" => "2024-01-12" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1837592" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span>" 1 => "Pertussis" 2 => "Nineveh" 3 => "Gene" 4 => "Sulfate" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1837593" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span>" 1 => "Tos ferina" 2 => "Nínive" 3 => "Gen" 4 => "Sulfato" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0010">Introduction</span><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The incidence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> infections in the Nineveh is affected by living conditions and the density of the population in specific geographic regions.</p></span> <span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0015">Aim</span><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study amid to assess the monitoring pertussis in Nineveh between 2017 and 2021.</p></span> <span id="as0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0020">Methods</span><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This work focused on how MgSO4 impacts the activity of ptxP1 and ptxP3 genes in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span> strains.</p></span> <span id="as0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Results</span><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mosul, Al-Baaj, and Sinjar recorded higher rates of infection compared to other regions due to population density. The expression <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BfrD, ptxE, ptxD, ptxB, ptxA</span>, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxC</span> was exhibited elevation when exposed to MgSO4 of 0 and 5 mM conc. On the other hand, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WbpT, VipC</span>, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">KpsM</span> showed high expression at a concentration of 50 mM of MgSO4. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pgm</span> demonstrated elevated expression across all concentrations of MgSO4 for the ptxP1 strain, while maintaining consistently low expression for the ptxP3 strain. The potential of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pgm</span> as a distinct marker, effectively distinguishing between the 2 strains of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. pertussis</span>. This approach will allow for a more detailed exploration of the variations between bacterial strains regarding their genetic responses to MgSO4 concentrations.</p></span> <span id="as0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0030">Conclusions</span><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data analysis of microarray was indicated that ptxP3 strains are less affected by the inhibitory effects of sulfate root on undesirable gene expression. This investigation may lead for further studies into the role of sulfite root in pertussis's pathogenicity.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0010" "titulo" => "Aim" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="as0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0040">Introducción</span><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La incidencia de las infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> en Nínive se ve afectada por las condiciones de vida y la densidad de la población en regiones geográficas específicas.</p></span> <span id="as0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0045">Objetivo</span><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el seguimiento de la tos ferina en Nínive entre 2017 y 2021.</p></span> <span id="as0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0050">Métodos</span><p id="sp0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">este trabajo se centró en cómo el MgSO4 afecta la actividad de los genes ptxP1 y ptxP3 en cepas de B. pertussis.</p></span> <span id="as0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0055">Resultados</span><p id="sp0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mosul, Al-Baaj y Sinjar registraron tasas de infección más altas en comparación con otras regiones debido a la densidad de población. La expresión BfrD, ptxE, ptxD, ptxB, ptxA y ptxC mostró elevación cuando se expuso a MgSO4 de 0 y 5 mM conc. Por otro lado, WbpT, VipC y KpsM mostraron alta expresión a una concentración de 50 mM de MgSO4. Pgm demostró una expresión elevada en todas las concentraciones de MgSO4 para la cepa ptxP1, mientras que mantuvo una expresión constantemente baja para la cepa ptxP3. El potencial de Pgm como marcador distinto, que distingue eficazmente entre las dos cepas de B. pertussis. Este enfoque permitirá una exploración más detallada de las variaciones entre cepas bacterianas con respecto a sus respuestas genéticas a las concentraciones de MgSO4.</p></span> <span id="as0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0060">Conclusiones</span><p id="sp0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El análisis de datos de microarrays indicó que las cepas ptxP3 se ven menos afectadas por los efectos inhibidores de la raíz de sulfato sobre la expresión genética indeseable. Esta investigación puede conducir a más estudios sobre el papel de la raíz de sulfito en la patogenicidad de la tos ferina.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0030" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0040" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2711 "Ancho" => 3346 "Tamanyo" => 605147 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) The volcano plot displays the prevalence of genes between 2 sets of ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains at log2. The dots are color-coded to indicate the degree of gene expression. (B) The graph illustrates the distribution of highly variable genes at log10 expression levels. (C) This plot shows the mean–variance trend of log expression for 3107 probes. It helps in understanding how the variance in gene expression relates to the mean expression levels. (D) The UMAP plot provides a visualization of the distribution of the 6 groups. Each group is represented by a different color, allowing for a better understanding of their distribution patterns in a reduced number of dimensions.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2621 "Ancho" => 3356 "Tamanyo" => 591274 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0010" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) The box plot of the 24 samples' profile indicates the standardization and comparability of the data, as the values are centered on the median. (B) The curve shows the expression density of all samples, providing insights into the distribution of gene expression levels. (C) The plot represents the theoretical quantiles of all samples based on the t<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">-</span>statistical analysis, which helps to assess the agreement between the observed data and the expected distribution. (D) The limma graph displays 755 connected genes shared between the 2 strains in different concentrations of MgSO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>, suggesting potential relationships or similarities in gene expression patterns.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 4313 "Ancho" => 3356 "Tamanyo" => 1750029 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0015" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Expression levels of the 10 investigated profile genes vary considerably between the ptxP1 and ptxP3 strains.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1573 "Ancho" => 3416 "Tamanyo" => 293073 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0020" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) The alluvial plot displays the 10 chosen genes, along with their respective adjusted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values, and frequencies. (B) The cladogram graph demonstrates the relationships between the selected genes, depicting their closer correlations based on how they are divided into groups within a phylogenetic tree.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0025" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Below 1 yr</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1–4</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5–14</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">15–44</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Above 45 yr</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grand total</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2019 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">106 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">110 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">216 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3570016.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Whooping cough cases by gender and age groups from 2017–2021 in Nineveh.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0030" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Right side of Mosul \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Left side of Mosul \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Talafar \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sinjar \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ba'aj \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Talkeif \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sheekhan \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hamdaneya \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Qayara \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hadhar \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Makhmoor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Other sub-district \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2019 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TOTAL \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">216 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3570015.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp5030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Whooping Cough cases by district 2017–2021, Nineveh-Iraq.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "t0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0035" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ID GSA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adj. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>. Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>. Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Freq. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene symbol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene name \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP0856110200000745 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.56E-29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.79E-32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4506 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BfrD</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Catecholate siderophore receptor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP1626110200001432 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.86E-28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.10E-31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3717 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WbpT</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Putative glycosyltransferase \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP1627110200001433 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.99E-27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.71E-30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2768 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">VipC</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Membrane-bound methyltransferase complex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP1623110200001429 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.02E-25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.11E-27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1654 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">KpsM</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Capsular polysaccharide \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP1970110200001722 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.78E-16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.42E-17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">204 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pgm</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Phosphoglucomutase \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP3786110200003355 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.89E-28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.00E-31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3408 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxE</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pertussis toxin subunit 5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP3785110200003354 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.96E-26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.36E-28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2128 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxD</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pertussis toxin subunit 4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP3784110200003353 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.86E-25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.85E-27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1674 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxB</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pertussis toxin subunit 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP3783110200003352 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.50E-23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.60E-24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">899 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxA</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pertussis toxin subunit 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BP3787110200003356 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.12E-26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.97E-28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1981 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ptxC</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pertussis toxin subunit 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3570017.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp5035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Description of selected 10 genes: IDs, adj. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>. value, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>. value, and frequency.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0005" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pertussis (whooping cough)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.P. Gopal" 1 => "J. Barber" 2 => "D. Toeg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.l401" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ." "fecha" => "2019 Feb 22" "volumen" => "364" "paginaInicial" => "l401" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30796107" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0010" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pertussis: history of the disease and current prevention failure" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E. Kuchar" 1 => "M. Karlikowska-Skwarnik" 2 => "S. Han" 3 => "A. Nitsch-Osuch" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/5584_2016_21" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Adv Exp Med Biol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "934" "paginaInicial" => "77" "paginaFinal" => "82" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27256351" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0015" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Molecular epidemiology of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> and analysis of vaccine antigen genes from clinical isolates from Shenzhen, China" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Wu" 1 => "Q. Hu" 2 => "C. Yang" 3 => "H. Zhou" 4 => "H. Chen" 5 => "Y. Zhang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s12941-021-00458-3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob" "fecha" => "2021 Aug 18" "volumen" => "20" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "53" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34407803" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0020" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Macrolide susceptibility and molecular characteristics of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J. Zhang" 1 => "D. Zhang" 2 => "X. Wang" 3 => "X. Wei" 4 => "H. Li" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/03000605221078782" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Int Med Res" "fecha" => "2022" "volumen" => "50" "numero" => "2" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0025" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pertussis: biology, epidemiology and prevention" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Saadatian-Elahi" 1 => "S. Plotkin" 2 => "K.H.G. Mills" 3 => "S.A. Halperin" 4 => "P.B. McIntyre" 5 => "V. Picot" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.029" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Vaccine." "fecha" => "2016 Nov 21" "volumen" => "34" "numero" => "48" "paginaInicial" => "5819" "paginaFinal" => "5826" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27780629" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0030" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> infection in infants and young children in Shanghai, China, 2016-2017: clinical features, genotype variations of antigenic genes and macrolides resistance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "P. Fu" 1 => "C. Wang" 2 => "H. Tian" 3 => "Z. Kang" 4 => "M. Zeng" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Infect Dis J" "fecha" => "2019 Apr" "volumen" => "38" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "370" "paginaFinal" => "376" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0035" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E. Hall" 1 => "A. Wodi" 2 => "J. Hamborsky" 3 => "V. Morelli" 4 => "S. Schillie" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "edicion" => "14th Edition" "fecha" => "Aug 2021" "editorial" => "CDC" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0040" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Differentially expressed genes in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> strains belonging to a lineage which recently spread globally" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D. de Gouw" 1 => "P.W. Hermans" 2 => "H.J. Bootsma" 3 => "A. Zomer" 4 => "K. Heuvelman" 5 => "D.A. Diavatopoulos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0084523" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One" "fecha" => "2014 Jan 8" "volumen" => "9" "numero" => "1" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0045" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reduced risk of pertussis among persons ever vaccinated with whole cell pertussis vaccine compared to recipients of acellular pertussis vaccines in a large US cohort" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.A. Witt" 1 => "L. Arias" 2 => "P.H. Katz" 3 => "E.T. Truong" 4 => "D.J. Witt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/cid/cit046" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2013 May" "volumen" => "56" "numero" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "1248" "paginaFinal" => "1254" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23487373" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0050" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guide to Vaccines in Health Institutions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.A. Moataz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2021" "editorial" => "Ministry of Health in Iraq" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Baghdad" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0055" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Seroprevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> antibodies in Flanders (Belgium)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Van der Wielen" 1 => "P. Van Damme" 2 => "K. Van Herck" 3 => "S. Schlegel-Haueter" 4 => "C.A. Siegrist" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00062-8" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Vaccine." "fecha" => "2003 Jun 2" "volumen" => "21" "numero" => "19–20" "paginaInicial" => "2412" "paginaFinal" => "2417" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12744872" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0060" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The descriptive epidemiology of Pertussis in AL-Diwaniya governorate for the years 1990 through 2007" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. AL-Shammary" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "KUFA Med J" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "13" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "7" "paginaFinal" => "17" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0065" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Trend of vaccine preventable diseases in Iraq in time of conflict" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Lafta" 1 => "A. Hussain" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.11604/pamj.2018.31.130.16394" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pan Afr Med J" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "130" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31037190" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0070" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Genome-wide gene expression analysis of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> isolates associated with a resurgence in pertussis: elucidation of factors involved in the increased fitness of epidemic strains" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.J. King" 1 => "S. van der Lee" 2 => "A. Mohangoo" 3 => "M. van Gent" 4 => "A. van der Ark" 5 => "B. van de Waterbeemd" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0066150" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "PloS One" "fecha" => "2013 Jun 11" "volumen" => "8" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "e66150" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23776625" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0075" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Role of phosphoglucomutase of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella bronchiseptica</span> in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and virulence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. West" 1 => "H. Jungnitz" 2 => "T. Fitter" 3 => "D. McArthur" 4 => "A. Guzmán Carlos" 5 => "J. Walker" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1128/IAI.68.8.4673-4680.2000" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infect Immun" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "68" "numero" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "4673" "paginaFinal" => "4680" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10899872" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0080" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development of a droplet digital PCR for pertussis toxin locus copy number determination in a genetically-modified <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> strain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R. Esson" 1 => "S. Falque" 2 => "E. Abachin" 3 => "S. George" 4 => "N. Nougarede" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101683" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biologicals." "fecha" => "2023 May" "volumen" => "82" "paginaInicial" => "101683" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37149976" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0085" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> strains with increased toxin production associated with pertussis resurgence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "F.R. Mooi" 1 => "I.H. van Loo" 2 => "M. van Gent" 3 => "Q. He" 4 => "M.J. Bart" 5 => "K.J. Heuvelman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3201/eid1508.081511" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Emerg Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2009 Aug" "volumen" => "15" "numero" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "1206" "paginaFinal" => "1213" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19751581" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0090" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> autotransporter Vag8 binds human C1 esterase inhibitor and confers serum resistance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "N. Marr" 1 => "N.R. Shah" 2 => "R. Lee" 3 => "E.J. Kim" 4 => "R.C. Fernandez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0020585" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "PloS One" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "6" "numero" => "6" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0095" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C (T)) Method" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K.J. Livak" 1 => "T.D. Schmittgen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1006/meth.2001.1262" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Methods." "fecha" => "2001 Dec" "volumen" => "25" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "402" "paginaFinal" => "408" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11846609" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0100" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rational medium design for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span>: basic metabolism" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Thalen" 1 => "J. van den IJssel" 2 => "W. Jiskoot" 3 => "B. Zomer" 4 => "P. Roholl" 5 => "C. de Gooijer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/s0168-1656(99)00155-8" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Biotechnol" "fecha" => "1999 Oct 8" "volumen" => "75" "numero" => "2–3" "paginaInicial" => "147" "paginaFinal" => "159" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10553654" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0105" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pertussis toxin targets airway macrophages to promote <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> infection of the respiratory tract" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N.H. Carbonetti" 1 => "G.V. Artamonova" 2 => "N. Van Rooijen" 3 => "V.I. Ayala" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1128/IAI.01578-06" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infect Immun" "fecha" => "2007 Apr" "volumen" => "75" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "1713" "paginaFinal" => "1720" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17242062" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0110" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparative genomic profiling of Dutch clinical <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> isolates using DNA microarrays: identification of genes absent from epidemic strains" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.J. King" 1 => "T. van Gorkom" 2 => "J.L. Pennings" 3 => "H.G. van der Heide" 4 => "Q. He" 5 => "D. Diavatopoulos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2164-9-311" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Genomics" "fecha" => "2008 Jun 30" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "311" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18590534" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0115" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Appearance of Fim3 and ptxP3-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> strains, in two regions of Sweden with different vaccination programs" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Advani" 1 => "L. Gustafsson" 2 => "C. Ahrén" 3 => "F.R. Mooi" 4 => "H.O. Hallander" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.070" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Vaccine." "fecha" => "2011 Apr 18" "volumen" => "29" "numero" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "3438" "paginaFinal" => "3442" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21396900" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0120" "etiqueta" => "24." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rapid detection of the recently emerged <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> strains with the ptxP3 pertussis toxin promoter allele by real-time PCR" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T. Kallonen" 1 => "J. Mertsola" 2 => "F.R. Mooi" 3 => "Q. He" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.04000.x" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Microbiol Infect" "fecha" => "2012 Oct" "volumen" => "18" "numero" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "E377" "paginaFinal" => "E379" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22909320" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0125" "etiqueta" => "25." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Newly emerging clones of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> carrying prn2 and ptxP3 alleles implicated in Australian pertussis epidemic in 2008-2010" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Octavia" 1 => "V. Sintchenko" 2 => "G.L. Gilbert" 3 => "A. Lawrence" 4 => "A.D. Keil" 5 => "G. Hogg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/infdis/jis178" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2012 Apr 15" "volumen" => "205" "numero" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "1220" "paginaFinal" => "1224" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22416243" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0130" "etiqueta" => "26." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "SNP-based typing: a useful tool to study <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> populations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. van Gent" 1 => "M.J. Bart" 2 => "H.G. van der Heide" 3 => "K.J. Heuvelman" 4 => "T. Kallonen" 5 => "Q. He" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0020340" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "PloS One" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "6" "numero" => "5" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0135" "etiqueta" => "27." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparative genomics of prevaccination and modern <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> strains" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.J. Bart" 1 => "M. van Gent" 2 => "H.G. van der Heide" 3 => "J. Boekhorst" 4 => "P. Hermans" 5 => "J. Parkhill" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2164-11-627" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Genomics" "fecha" => "2010 Nov 11" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "627" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070624" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0140" "etiqueta" => "28." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> and vaccination: the persistence of a genetically monomorphic pathogen" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F.R. Mooi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.meegid.2009.10.007" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infect Genet Evol" "fecha" => "2010 Jan" "volumen" => "10" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "36" "paginaFinal" => "49" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19879977" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0145" "etiqueta" => "29." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Characterization of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis</span> strains isolated from India" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Alai" 1 => "M. Gautam" 2 => "S. Palkar" 3 => "J. Oswal" 4 => "S. Gairola" 5 => "D.P. Dhotre" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3390/pathogens11070794" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pathogens." "fecha" => "2022" "volumen" => "11" "numero" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "794" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35890038" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0150" "etiqueta" => "30." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Role of phosphoglucomutase of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella bronchiseptica</span> in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and virulence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N.P. West" 1 => "H. Jungnitz" 2 => "J.T. Fitter" 3 => "J.D. McArthur" 4 => "C.A. Guzmán" 5 => "M.J. Walker" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1128/IAI.68.8.4673-4680.2000" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infect Immun" "fecha" => "2000 Aug" "volumen" => "68" "numero" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "4673" "paginaFinal" => "4680" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10899872" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack752079" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p id="p0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author thanks college of Medicine, University of Mosul for documenting this work.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/24451460/0000002500000002/v1_202406161040/S2445146024000384/v1_202406161040/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "71403" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Originals" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/24451460/0000002500000002/v1_202406161040/S2445146024000384/v1_202406161040/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2445146024000384?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]