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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Emotional and Psychopathological Disorders in Laryngectomized Oncological Patien...
Journal Information
Vol. 66. Issue 4.
Pages 210-217 (July - August 2015)
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Vol. 66. Issue 4.
Pages 210-217 (July - August 2015)
Original article
Emotional and Psychopathological Disorders in Laryngectomized Oncological Patients
Alteraciones emocionales y psicopatológicas en pacientes oncológicos laringectomizados
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Nuria Blanco-Piñeroa, Rosario Antequera-Juradob, Luis Rodríguez-Francob, Elena Ibáñez-Guerrac, Tomás F. Herrero-Saladod, Serafín Sánchez-Gómezd,
Corresponding author
sanchezsg@us.es

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
b Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
c Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
d Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
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Tables (6)
Table 1. Distribution of Subjects Based on Fulfilment of Diagnostic Criteria With Emotional and Psychological Symptoms.
Table 2. Distribution of Subjects Based on Fulfilment of Diagnostic Criteria With Emotional and Psychological Symptoms Within the Oncological Group.
Table 3. Analysis of Correlations in the Oncological Group.
Table 4. Correlations of the Factorial Analysis of Emotional Alteration in the Oncological Group.
Table 5. Matrix of Components Proposed as a Result of the Factorial Analysis.
Table 6. Analysis of Comorbidity in the Symptoms Observed in the Oncological Group.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

It is unknown if patients who suffer from laryngeal cancer and undergo total laryngectomy experience as much emotional shock and psychological distress as patients with cancers in other locations do. The aim of the study was to identify the incidence of emotional and psychological disorders in laryngectomized patients and describe their symptomatological nuances.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study of emotional and psychopathological response of 100 cancer patients undergoing total laryngectomy was performed. The patients were evaluated immediately after surgery (n=35), when initiating communicative rehabilitation (n=23) and 5 years after diagnosis (n=42), versus a control of 55 healthy subjects. Psychopathological assessment battery for anxiety, depression, intrusion, avoidance, arousal and posttraumatic stress disorder consisted of a specific interview, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R).

Results

Laryngectomized patients had low incidence of emotional and psychological disorders such as anxiety (6.9%), depression (5.9%) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (28.4%), but with sufficient intensity to constitute a psychopathological diagnosis. A significant level of distress was found in 57.4% of patients, with clear diffuse traumatic nature in 52.6% of them, which was more prevalent and intense in the rehabilitation group.

Conclusions

Symptoms of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder during different stages after total laryngectomy are not of sufficient intensity and quality to be diagnosable clinical entities; they can be considered an adaptive disorder. The symptoms are less than those of patients with cancer in other locations and appear mostly in the rehabilitation stage, where preventive performances and psychological support should be focused.

Keywords:
Laryngeal cancer
Total laryngectomy
Emotional disorders
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Se desconoce si afrontar un cáncer de laringe y someterse a laringectomía total son experiencias tan impactantes emocionalmente para el paciente como los cánceres de otras localizaciones. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la incidencia de sufrimiento emocional y psicológico en pacientes laringectomizados y describir sus matices sintomatológicos.

Métodos

Estudio transversal descriptivo de la respuesta emocional y psicopatológica de 100 pacientes oncológicos sometidos a laringectomía total, evaluados inmediatamente tras la cirugía (N=35), al iniciar la rehabilitación comunicativa (N=23) y a los 5 años del diagnóstico (N=42) frente a un grupo control de 55 sujetos sanos. La batería de evaluación psicopatológica para ansiedad, depresión, trastorno por estrés postraumático, intrusión, evitación y excitación constó de una entrevista específica, la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS) y el Inventario de Estrés Postraumático (IES-R).

Resultados

Los pacientes laringectomizados presentaron baja incidencia de alteraciones emocionales y psicológicas como ansiedad (6,9%), depresión (5,9%) y/o trastorno por estrés postraumático (28,4%) con intensidad suficiente para constituir un diagnóstico psicopatológico. Un 57,4% de los pacientes presentaba malestar emocional difuso de carácter postraumático (el 52,6% de ellos), más prevalente e intenso en el grupo en rehabilitación.

Conclusiones

Los síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y trastorno por estrés postraumático tras una laringectomía total no son de suficiente intensidad y cualidad para constituir entidades clínicas diagnosticables, sino cuadros de trastorno adaptativo. Son menores que los de pacientes afectados por cáncer de otras localizaciones y se presentan fundamentalmente en la fase de rehabilitación, donde deberían centrarse las actuaciones psicológicas preventivas y de apoyo.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de laringe
Laringectomía total
Alteraciones emocionales

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