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Factores relacionados con la resistencia a la castración precoz en el cáncer de próstata metastásico. Resultados del Registro nacional de cáncer de próstata en España
Factors related to early castration resistance in metastatic prostate cancer. Results from the National Prostate Cancer Registry in Spain
M.A. Lloret-Duráa,
Autor para correspondencia
marcosant.lloret@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, J. Panach-Navarretea, J.M. Martínez-Jabaloyasa, L. Valls-Gonzáleza, J.M. Cózar-Olmob, B. Miñana-Lópezc, F. Gómez-Veigad, A. Rodríguez-Antolíne, Grupo Español de Cáncer de Próstata
a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, España
b Servicio de Urología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
c Servicio de Urología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
d Servicio de Urología, C.H.U.A.C., Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
e Servicio de Urología, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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m&#225;s progresi&#243;n bioqu&#237;mica o progresi&#243;n radiol&#243;gica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; La progresi&#243;n bioqu&#237;mica se acepta como 3 aumentos consecutivos de PSA con una semana de diferencia entre ellos&#44; siendo al menos 2 de ellos un 50&#37; por encima del PSA nadir&#44; con un PSA por encima de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#44; mientras que la progresi&#243;n radiol&#243;gica se acepta como 2 o m&#225;s nuevas lesiones en la gammagraf&#237;a &#243;sea o nuevas lesiones de partes blandas seg&#250;n criterios RECIST<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El CPRC tiene implicaciones no solo pron&#243;sticas&#44; sino tambi&#233;n terap&#233;uticas&#46; Los 2 ensayos cl&#237;nicos que usaron docetaxel en combinaci&#243;n con bloqueo hormonal&#44; CHAARTED y STAMPEDE&#44; proporcionaron evidencia de una mejora sustancial en la supervivencia general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Con los resultados de LATITUDE y un estudio adicional del brazo del ensayo STAMPEDE&#44; la combinaci&#243;n de terapia de privaci&#243;n de andr&#243;genos &#40;ADT&#41; m&#225;s abiraterona&#47;prednisona se ha convertido en el tratamiento de primera l&#237;nea en este tipo de pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; ya que genera mejoras en la supervivencia global&#44; la supervivencia libre de progresi&#243;n radiol&#243;gica y retraso en el inicio de la quimioterapia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; En cuanto al pron&#243;stico se ha descrito que la supervivencia media&#44; tras el inicio de la fase de resistencia a la castraci&#243;n&#44; oscila entre los 18 y los 24 meses&#46; Esto se debe a que el CPRC progresa de forma independiente a los niveles de andr&#243;genos&#44; lo que lleva a medio plazo al desarrollo de met&#225;stasis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; La posibilidad de cambiar el pron&#243;stico de estos pacientes mediante las nuevas opciones terap&#233;uticas hace que sea de vital importancia localizar de forma temprana esta fase de la enfermedad&#46; De todos los grupos de pacientes&#44; aquellos con met&#225;stasis al diagn&#243;stico son uno de los grupos m&#225;s susceptibles de seguimiento estrecho para diagnosticar de forma temprana la fase de resistencia a la castraci&#243;n&#46; En algunas series hasta el 18&#37; de los pacientes ya son metast&#225;sicos al diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La variabilidad sustancial en el curso cl&#237;nico del c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata metast&#225;sico ha llevado a la evaluaci&#243;n de una serie de factores pron&#243;sticos con respecto a su papel en la determinaci&#243;n de la estrategia de tratamiento y la capacidad de predecir la respuesta al mismo&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ante la b&#250;squeda de estos elementos el objetivo de nuestro estudio es establecer los factores que se relacionan de forma independiente con el desarrollo de resistencia precoz a la castraci&#243;n en los pacientes con c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata metast&#225;sicos al diagn&#243;stico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material y m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Muestra</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional&#44; multic&#233;ntrico y prospectivo&#44; realizado para observar y valorar la evoluci&#243;n de los pacientes con c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata dentro del Sistema Nacional de Salud&#46; La investigaci&#243;n se inicia a partir de los datos obtenidos en el Registro nacional de c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata&#44; que engloba a los pacientes diagnosticados de c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata con confirmaci&#243;n histopatol&#243;gica entre el 1 de enero de 2010 al 31 de diciembre de 2010&#44; realiz&#225;ndose este registro desde 24 centros de referencia de Espa&#241;a&#44; representando un 20&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n&#46; Esta muestra de pacientes posteriormente fue seguida hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2013&#46; Al final de la primera etapa &#40;31 de diciembre de 2010&#41;&#44; el total de pacientes que contemplaba la base de datos del Registro nacional de c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata fue de 3&#46;843 pacientes&#44; de los cuales&#44; durante los 36 meses de seguimiento&#44; fallecieron un 7&#44;9&#37;&#46; De este porcentaje un 2&#44;9&#37; fueron exitus relacionados con la enfermedad &#40;24&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A partir de la base de datos del Registro nacional de c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata se seleccionan para nuestro estudio aquellos pacientes que fueron diagnosticados de inicio de c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata metast&#225;sico y fueron tratados de inicio con hormonoterapia&#44; siendo un total de 155 pacientes&#46; El diagn&#243;stico del c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata se realiz&#243; en todos los casos con biopsia de pr&#243;stata y realiz&#225;ndose&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; pruebas de imagen de extensi&#243;n&#44; como la tomograf&#237;a computarizada y la gammagraf&#237;a &#243;sea para valorar las met&#225;stasis al diagn&#243;stico&#44; realizando un seguimiento de estos pacientes de hasta 39 meses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Variables utilizadas</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables cuantitativas que se estudiaron fueron la edad de los pacientes al diagn&#243;stico&#44; el nivel de ant&#237;geno prost&#225;tico espec&#237;fico &#40;PSA&#41; s&#233;rico basal &#40;ng&#47;ml&#41; y el PSA nadir medio&#46; Las variables cualitativas que se incluyeron fueron la puntuaci&#243;n de Gleason &#40;categorizada en 2 grupos&#44; Gleason<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7 y Gleason<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41;&#44; si exist&#237;a invasi&#243;n perineural en la muestra&#44; el estadio local T &#40;categorizado en 2 grupos&#44; T1-T2 y T3-T4&#41;&#44; la existencia de afectaci&#243;n nodular &#40;estadio N&#41;&#44; el estado metast&#225;sico &#40;estadio M&#41; y el tipo de bloqueo hormonal realizado &#40;intermitente o continuo&#41;&#46; Tambi&#233;n se registr&#243; el suceso de exitus y la causa del mismo&#44; adem&#225;s del desarrollo o no de resistencia a la castraci&#243;n y el momento del mismo durante nuestro periodo de estudio&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> se pueden encontrar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y demogr&#225;ficas de nuestra muestra&#46; Destacar de esta la prevalencia elevada de tumores con Gleason de alto grado y con invasi&#243;n perineural en la anatom&#237;a patol&#243;gica&#46; La media de seguimiento de los pacientes del estudio fue de 26&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#44;4 meses&#44; con un m&#225;ximo de seguimiento de 39 meses&#46; Del total de 155 pacientes recogidos en el estudio&#44; 82 pacientes &#40;52&#44;9&#37;&#41; desarrollaron resistencia a la castraci&#243;n durante el tiempo de seguimiento establecido anteriormente&#44; con una media de tiempo hasta la aparici&#243;n del evento de 12&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;7 meses&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el an&#225;lisis univariante &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41; se observan diferencias significativas en el PSA al diagn&#243;stico&#44; la media de edad&#44; la media de PSA nadir&#44; el Gleason y el estadio T en los pacientes resistentes a la castraci&#243;n con respecto a los no resistentes&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> se muestran las curvas de Kaplan Meyer para las variables categ&#243;ricas con significaci&#243;n p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 en el an&#225;lisis univariable&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el an&#225;lisis multivariable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41; se observa que la resistencia a la castraci&#243;n se desarroll&#243; en pacientes m&#225;s j&#243;venes&#44; con mayor PSA nadir y con los estadios T m&#225;s avanzados &#40;T3-T4&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con CPRC metast&#225;sicos se benefician de tratamientos espec&#237;ficos como abiraterona m&#225;s prednisona<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; enzalutamida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> o docetaxel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; y es razonable&#44; por el beneficio que obtienen&#44; el instaurar el tratamiento de prolongaci&#243;n de la vida tan pronto como sea posible&#44; ya que se ha visto un aumento de la supervivencia en estos pacientes&#46; Por todo esto&#44; es importante determinar los factores asociados con la progresi&#243;n a resistencia a la castraci&#243;n para individualizar la detecci&#243;n de esta entre los pacientes&#46; Por este motivo&#44; resulta interesante investigar la incidencia precoz de resistencia a la castraci&#243;n en pacientes con c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata metast&#225;sicos al diagn&#243;stico&#44; que en nuestro estudio se observ&#243; en m&#225;s de la mitad de los pacientes&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; investigamos los predictores de resistencia en hombres tratados con terapia hormonal de inicio&#44; viendo que los indicadores &#250;tiles son los niveles s&#233;ricos de PSA nadir&#44; el estadio tumoral T y la edad del paciente al diagn&#243;stico&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; los factores predictores descritos pueden ayudarnos a valorar el riesgo hacia la resistencia a la castraci&#243;n&#44; ya que los pacientes con mayor riesgo pueden ser evaluados con mayor frecuencia que aquellos con menor riesgo&#44; y as&#237; permitir un diagn&#243;stico m&#225;s precoz&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Varios autores&#44; como Cooper et al&#46; y Morote et al&#46;&#44; han propuesto que el PSA en el momento del diagn&#243;stico s&#237; que predice la respuesta de la enfermedad al tratamiento de supresi&#243;n androg&#233;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a>&#44; a diferencia de los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio&#44; aunque otros autores encontraron que el nivel de PSA en el momento del diagn&#243;stico no es un buen factor que prediga el desarrollo de resistencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a>&#44; con similares resultados a los nuestros&#46; El PSA nadir despu&#233;s del bloqueo hormonal generalmente se eval&#250;a en relaci&#243;n con la progresi&#243;n a CPRC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13-16</span></a>&#44; y seg&#250;n Newling et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> la capacidad de alcanzar un nivel de PSA indetectable como nadir es el predictor m&#225;s significativo para el c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata metast&#225;sico&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; otros autores apuntan que la imposibilidad de alcanzar un PSA nadir<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml despu&#233;s del tratamiento de bloqueo hormonal predice una progresi&#243;n temprana a CPRC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;17</span></a>&#44; a diferencia de nuestra exposici&#243;n&#44; en el que el estadio Gleason no es un factor de probabilidad de desarrollo de resistencia a la castraci&#243;n&#44; mientras que Choueiri et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> incluyen el estadio Gleason como un factor independiente para una supervivencia general m&#225;s corta en pacientes con c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata metast&#225;sico&#46; Smaletz et al&#46; exponen en su trabajo que&#44; a mayor edad&#44; mejor supervivencia&#44; al igual que ocurre en nuestro estudio&#46; Sin embargo&#44; otros art&#237;culos refieren una edad m&#225;s avanzada como un marcador de supervivencia deficiente&#46; De manera diferente a los anteriores&#44; tambi&#233;n hay estudios que no han encontrado la edad como una variable predictiva para la supervivencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18-20</span></a>&#44; con lo cual no se establece claramente el efecto de la edad como factor predictivo con los resultados expuestos&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente estudio tiene varias fortalezas&#44; tales como la recogida de datos a nivel nacional&#44; con participaci&#243;n de m&#250;ltiples centros de Espa&#241;a&#44; que hacen de esta serie una fiel representaci&#243;n de este tipo de enfermedad en nuestro medio&#46; Sin embargo&#44; no est&#225; desprovisto de limitaciones&#46; La principal limitaci&#243;n se basa en el no establecimiento de un protocolo de seguimiento conjunto&#44; por lo que las pruebas diagn&#243;sticas se establec&#237;an a libre consideraci&#243;n de los facultativos&#44; con lo cual podr&#237;a ser causa de variabilidad en la solicitud de las mismas&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; otra de las limitaciones expresadas es el n&#250;mero de pacientes presentes en el estudio&#44; que probablemente disminuya la potencia de nuestros resultados&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; la falta de datos en algunas variables&#44; tales como el estadio nodular&#44; hace que no se puedan conseguir resultados que probablemente modificaran los presentes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El nadir de PSA en sangre y un estadio tumoral T3-T4 al diagn&#243;stico parecen relacionarse con un riesgo aumentado de desarrollar resistencia a la castraci&#243;n precoz en pacientes con c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata metast&#225;sico al diagn&#243;stico&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la edad al diagn&#243;stico se muestra como una variable que disminuye el riesgo&#44; de forma que&#44; a m&#225;s edad&#44; menos riesgo de desarrollar resistencia a la castraci&#243;n a medio plazo en nuestro medio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Astellas Pharma S&#46;A&#46; es el promotor legal del estudio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo del estudio fue establecer los factores que se relacionan de forma independiente con el desarrollo de resistencia a la castraci&#243;n &#40;RC&#41; a medio plazo en el c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata &#40;CP&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ciento cincuenta y cinco pacientes con CP metast&#225;sicos al diagn&#243;stico del registro nacional de CP con un seguimiento de hasta 39 meses&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las variables estudiadas fueron&#58; edad&#44; PSA&#44; nadir de PSA&#44; Gleason&#44; invasi&#243;n perineural&#44; estadios T&#44; N y M y tipo de bloqueo &#40;intermitente&#47;continuo&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Media de seguimiento 26&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#44;4 meses&#46; El 47&#44;1&#37; desarroll&#243; RC precoz&#44; con una media hasta el desarrollo de RC 12&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;7 meses&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis univariante&#58; se relacionaron con la RC la media de PSA &#40;290<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>905&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml en no RC&#44; 519&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1437&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml en RC&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; media de edad &#40;73&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;3 a&#241;os en no RC&#44; 69&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;3 en RC&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41;&#44; media de nadir de PSA &#40;15&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>57&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml en no RC&#44; 15&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml en RC&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; Gleason &#40;en<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44; HR&#58; 2&#44;11&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;22-3&#44;65&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006&#41; y estadio T &#40;en T3-T4&#44; HR&#58; 2&#44;85&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;57-5&#44;19&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis multivariante&#58; las variables independientes relacionadas con la RC son edad &#40;HR&#58; 0&#44;96&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;94-0&#44;99&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41;&#44; nadir de PSA &#40;HR&#58; 1&#44;65&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;43-1&#44;91&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; y estadio T3-T4 &#40;HR&#58; 2&#44;11&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;10-4&#44;04&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El nadir de PSA y un estadio tumoral T3-T4 al diagn&#243;stico se relacionan con un riesgo aumentado de desarrollar RC&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la edad al diagn&#243;stico se muestra como una variable que disminuye el riesgo&#44; de forma que&#44; a m&#225;s edad&#44; menos riesgo de desarrollar RC a medio plazo&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the study was to determine the factors independently related with the development of castration resistance &#40;CR&#41; in prostate cancer &#40;PC&#41; in the medium term&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">155 patients diagnosed with metastatic PC with a follow-up of up to 39 months&#46; Data taken from the National PC Registry&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The evaluated variables were age&#44; PSA&#44; nadir PSA&#44; Gleason&#44; perineural invasion&#44; TNM stages&#44; and ADT type &#40;intermittent&#47;continuous&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean follow-up 26&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#44;4 months&#46; 47&#46;1&#37; developed early CR&#44; with mean time until onset of 12&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;7 months&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Univariate analysis the mean PSA was correlated with CR &#40;290<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>905&#44;1 ng&#47;mL in non CR&#44; 519&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1437&#44;2 ng&#47;mL in CR&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; mean age &#40;73&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;3 years in non CR&#44; 69&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;3 in CR <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; mean PSA nadir &#40;15&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>57&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL in non CR&#44; 15&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#44;7 ng&#47;mL in CR&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; Gleason &#40;in &#8805;8&#44; HR&#58;2&#44;11&#46; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;22-3&#46;65&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;006&#41;&#44; and T stage &#40;in T3-T4&#44; HR&#58; 2&#46;85&#46; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;57-5&#46;19&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multivariate analysis the independent variables associated to CR are age &#40;HR&#58; 0&#46;96&#46; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;94-0&#46;99&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; PSA nadir &#40;HR&#58; 1&#46;65&#46; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#44;43-1&#44;91&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; and T3-T4 stage &#40;HR&#58; 2&#46;11&#46; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;10-4&#46;04&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PSA nadir and T3-T4 tumor stage at diagnosis are associated to an increased risk of developing CR&#46; In addition&#44; age at diagnosis is shown as a variable that decreases risk&#46; Therefore&#44; an older age would be associated with lower risk probability of CR in the medium term&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;36&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estadio T</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1b&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1c&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;8&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;2&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2b&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;7&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2c&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;10&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;30&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3b&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;11&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3c&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;21&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estadio N</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67 &#40;43&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67 &#40;43&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;11&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estadio M</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#44;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1b&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">140 &#40;90&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1c&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;7&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tipo de bloqueo hormonal</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intermitente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;3&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Continuo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">148 &#40;96&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Resistencia a la castraci&#243;n</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82 &#40;52&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;47&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Exitus</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;48&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80 &#40;51&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Causa exitus</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Relacionada CP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;80&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No relacionada CP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;12&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No disponible&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;6&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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              ]
            ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
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        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PSA&#58; ant&#237;geno prost&#225;tico espec&#237;fico&#59; RC&#58; resistente a castraci&#243;n&#59; ref&#46;&#58; categor&#237;a referencia&#59; SD&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No RC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">73&#44;3 &#40;&#177;8&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">69&#44;1 &#40;&#177;9&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No RC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">290&#44;1 &#40;&#177;905&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">519&#44;1 &#40;&#177;1437&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PSA nadir</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No RC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;5 &#40;&#177;57&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#44;9 &#40;&#177;23&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gleason</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;11 &#40;1&#44;22-3&#44;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;006<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Invasi&#243;n perineural</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;12 &#40;0&#44;66-1&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;672<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estadio T</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T1-T2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T3-T4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;85 &#40;1&#44;57-5&#44;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;000<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estadio N</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;5 &#40;0&#44;93-2&#44;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;095<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estadio M</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M1a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ref&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M1b&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;52 &#40;0&#44;27-13&#44;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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