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Utilidad de la embolización vascular prequirúrgica de tumores renales con trombo tumoral en la vena renal izquierda
Utility of preoperative vascular embolization of renal tumors with left renal vein tumor thrombus
J. Caño Velasco
Autor para correspondencia
jorcavel@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, L. Polanco Pujol, F. Herranz Amo, J. González García, J. Aragón Chamizo, C. Hernández Fernández
Unidad de Tumores Renales con Afectación Venosa (TRAV), Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La embolizaci&#243;n prequir&#250;rgica de la arteria renal &#40;EPAR&#41; previa a la realizaci&#243;n de nefrectom&#237;a radical es un procedimiento endovascular realizado ante grandes masas tumorales renales&#44; con la finalidad de disminuir el sangrado intraoperatorio y simplificar la t&#233;cnica quir&#250;rgica&#46; Sin embargo&#44; su indicaci&#243;n se mantiene en discusi&#243;n en la actualidad&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n las gu&#237;as cl&#237;nicas actuales de la European Association of Urology &#40;EAU&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; ni el empleo prequir&#250;rgico de la EPAR ni el emplazamiento de filtros en la vena cava inferior se asocian a beneficio cl&#237;nico alguno en el manejo de los tumores renales con afectaci&#243;n venosa &#40;grado de evidencia 3&#41;&#46; Por el contrario&#44; indican que la EPAR se asocia a un mayor tiempo quir&#250;rgico efectivo&#44; p&#233;rdida de sangre&#44; estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad perioperatoria en pacientes con estadio T3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el papel de la EPAR sobre el sangrado intraoperatorio y las complicaciones postoperatorias en los tumores renales izquierdos con trombo tumoral limitado a la vena renal izquierda&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analizamos retrospectivamente un total de 46 pacientes con carcinoma de c&#233;lulas renales &#40;CCR&#41; asociado a trombosis tumoral alojada exclusivamente en la vena renal izquierda&#44; e intervenidos por este motivo de nefrectom&#237;a radical izquierda y trombectom&#237;a entre enero de 1990 y junio de 2020 en nuestro centro&#46; Se obtuvo consentimiento informado espec&#237;fico de todos y cada uno de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La indicaci&#243;n de EPAR se limit&#243; a aquellos casos en los que&#44; debido al grado de extensi&#243;n del trombo tumoral en la vena renal izquierda&#44; se presum&#237;a que ser&#237;a necesaria una amplia movilizaci&#243;n de la misma para lograr el acceso a la arteria renal&#44; con el riesgo inherente de fragmentaci&#243;n del trombo y generaci&#243;n de un tromboembolismo pulmonar &#40;TEP&#41; intraoperatorio&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El nivel del trombo tumoral se defini&#243; de acuerdo a la clasificaci&#243;n descrita por Neves y Zincke<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; El riesgo anest&#233;sico se defini&#243; seg&#250;n el sistema de clasificaci&#243;n de la American Society of Anesthesiologists &#40;ASA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; El &#237;ndice de Charlson se utiliz&#243; para gradar la comorbilidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Todos los pacientes fueron estadificados preoperatoriamente mediante tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; toracoabdominop&#233;lvica&#46; Las complicaciones posquir&#250;rgicas se categorizaron de acuerdo a la clasificaci&#243;n de Clavien-Dindo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; registr&#225;ndose en el intervalo de los primeros 60 d&#237;as tras la intervenci&#243;n&#46; El estadio patol&#243;gico se unific&#243; seg&#250;n la clasificaci&#243;n TNM 2009 de la UICC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El procedimiento endovascular se realiz&#243; en condiciones de anestesia local y sedaci&#243;n por el equipo de Radiolog&#237;a Vascular Intervencionista de nuestro centro&#44; y consisti&#243; en la cateterizaci&#243;n selectiva de la arteria renal principal izquierda a trav&#233;s de un acceso percut&#225;neo a la arteria femoral ipsilateral bajo control angiogr&#225;fico el d&#237;a anterior a la intervenci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables cuantitativas se han representado mediante la mediana y el rango intercuartil&#237;co&#44; y las cualitativas mediante frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes&#46; Para el contraste de variables cualitativas se ha utilizado el test Chi-cuadrado&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis multivariable mediante regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica para tratar de identificar los predictores potenciales de sangrado &#40;medido con relaci&#243;n a la tasa de transfusi&#243;n perioperatoria&#41; y complicaciones postoperatorias&#46; La significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica se estableci&#243; en p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46; Todos los c&#225;lculos se han realizado con el paquete estad&#237;stico IBM&#174; SPSS&#174; statistics v-21&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mediana de edad de la serie fue de 66 a&#241;os&#40;rango intercuartil&#237;co 58-74&#41;&#46; La mediana de tama&#241;o tumoral en la TC fue de 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;rango intercuartil&#237;co 6-12&#41;&#46; El diagn&#243;stico fue incidental en tan solo el 13&#37; del total de la serie&#46; En el 87&#37; restante se relacion&#243; con la presencia de s&#237;ntomas&#44; siendo el m&#225;s frecuente la hematuria macrosc&#243;pica &#40;69&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; seguido de dolor lumbar &#40;43&#44;5&#37;&#41; y s&#237;ndrome constitucional &#40;23&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; El resto de las variables cl&#237;nicas y la t&#233;cnica quir&#250;rgica empleada se describen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Se llev&#243; a cabo EPAR izquierda en un total de 9 pacientes &#40;19&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; todos ellos con arteria renal &#250;nica&#44; sin complicaciones asociadas a la misma&#46; La totalidad de los pacientes en los que se realiz&#243; EPAR presentaron dolor moderado-intenso tras el procedimiento&#44; precisando analgesia intravenosa &#40;AINE&#44; paracetamol&#44; metamizol&#44; opioides d&#233;biles&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis patol&#243;gico del esp&#233;cimen de nefrectom&#237;a y trombectom&#237;a revel&#243; un CCR variante c&#233;lula clara en el 78&#44;2&#37; de los casos&#46; El resto de las variables patol&#243;gicas de la serie se describen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al comparar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y patol&#243;gicas entre los pacientes EPAR y no-EPAR &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">tablas 1 y 2</a>&#41;&#44; &#250;nicamente se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas en relaci&#243;n con la edad y en el estadio ganglionar cl&#237;nico en el estudio de imagen prequir&#250;rgica &#40;cN&#41;&#46; As&#237;&#44; los pacientes embolizados resultaron m&#225;s j&#243;venes&#40;61 vs&#46;67&#44;5 a&#241;os&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; y presentaron un mayor porcentaje de adenopat&#237;as visibles &#40;cN1&#41; en su estadificaci&#243;n inicial &#40;55&#44;6 vs&#46; 13&#44;5&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#59; sin embargo&#44; esta diferencia no result&#243; significativa tras el an&#225;lisis patol&#243;gico del esp&#233;cimen de linfadenectom&#237;a &#40;pN&#41; definitivo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;56&#41;&#46; El estadio pT muestra una tendencia a la significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;06&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No se demostraron diferencias significativas con relaci&#243;n a la de tasa de complicaciones globales&#44; complicaciones graves o tasas de transfusi&#243;n entre ambos grupos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; Los 2 exitus &#40;Clavien-Dindo V&#41; se produjeron como consecuencia del desarrollo de un TEP intraoperatorio &#40;a&#241;o 1992&#41; y un sangrado espl&#233;nico postoperatorio diferido &#40;a&#241;o 1993&#41;&#46; En ambos casos no se emple&#243; EPAR&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41; la EPAR no se comport&#243; como un predictor independiente de complicaciones &#40;OR 0&#44;11&#59; IC95&#37; 0&#44;01-2&#44;86&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;18&#41; ni de transfusi&#243;n &#40;OR 0&#44;46&#59; IC95&#37; 0&#44;02-7&#44;38&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;58&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro trabajo ten&#237;a como objetivo determinar el papel desempe&#241;ado por la EPAR con relaci&#243;n al sangrado intraoperatorio o el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias en casos de masas renales izquierdas asociadas a trombo tumoral limitado a la vena renal&#46; Esta iniciativa nace como consecuencia del desarrollo de un TEP masivo intraoperatorio con consecuencias fatales en 1992&#44; relacionado con la manipulaci&#243;n excesiva de la vena renal principal durante la ex&#233;resis de una masa renal izquierda&#46; Desde ese momento&#44; bas&#225;ndonos en los preceptos establecidos por Almgard et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> en 1973&#44; implementamos el uso de la EPAR en aquellos casos en los que se presumiese cierta dificultad de acceso a la arteria renal principal en las pruebas de imagen preoperatorias&#44; ya que esta maniobra podr&#237;a facilitar eventualmente un control r&#225;pido de la vena renal principal&#44; disminuyendo potencialmente el sangrado intraoperatorio&#44; el potencial desarrollo de TEP durante la intervenci&#243;n y el desarrollo de complicaciones mayores tras la misma&#46; De hecho&#44; en nuestro estudio&#44; tras la comparaci&#243;n de resultados quir&#250;rgicos entre los 2 grupos de pacientes seleccionados&#44; no observamos un incremento en la tasa de transfusi&#243;n o el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias superior con el empleo de la EPAR&#46; Tampoco la EPAR se comport&#243; en esta serie como un factor independiente del sangrado durante la intervenci&#243;n o de complicaciones tras la misma&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ante masas renales tumorales de gran volumen y&#47;o importante neovascularizaci&#243;n o circulaci&#243;n colateral&#44; la EPAR persigue el objetivo de disminuir la vascularizaci&#243;n renal e inducir necrosis tisular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; para de este modo minimizar el sangrado intraoperatorio y facilitar la manipulaci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; de acuerdo a los preceptos descritos por Robson en 1969<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; la interrupci&#243;n del flujo arterial previo al control de la vena renal podr&#237;a prevenir la te&#243;rica diseminaci&#243;n tumoral hemat&#243;gena facilitada por dicha manipulaci&#243;n&#46; Por tanto&#44; en las masas renales que asocian vascularizaci&#243;n aberrante y&#47;o adenopat&#237;as perihiliares&#44; la EPAR permitir&#237;a el control precoz de la vena y el trombo&#44; facilitando la movilizaci&#243;n de la masa y secundariamente el acceso a la arteria para su control&#44; brindando un acceso quir&#250;rgico m&#225;s seguro para el paciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; las gu&#237;as cl&#237;nicas de la EAU<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> no recomiendan su uso debido a una falta de evidencia relativa a este te&#243;rico beneficio cl&#237;nico &#40;grado de evidencia 3&#41;&#46; Esta falta de evidencia se encuentra refrendada por resultados quir&#250;rgicos muy dispares&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el aspecto relativo al sangrado intraoperatorio y la necesidad de hemoderivados&#44; la revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica de Kalman et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> no observ&#243; un claro beneficio de la EPAR sobre la disminuci&#243;n de p&#233;rdida sangu&#237;nea&#46; Sin embargo&#44; este trabajo incluy&#243; estudios en los que la indicaci&#243;n de la EPAR no necesariamente era facilitar el procedimiento antes de una intervenci&#243;n &#40;embolizaci&#243;n paliativa&#41; haciendo de la disparidad una caracter&#237;stica principal de la serie&#46; Mientras que algunas de las series incluidas no mostraban diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#44; otros autores comunicaban ventajas relativas a la tasa de trasfusi&#243;n que apoyaban el uso de la EPAR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;17</span></a>&#46; As&#237;&#44; Bakal et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> conclu&#237;an que aquellos pacientes con tumores hipervasculares de volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL tratados con EPAR presentaban menor necesidad de hemoderivados &#40;250 vs&#46; 800<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; que el grupo sin manejo endovascular&#46; Cochetti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; tras comparar de forma prospectiva un total de 64 pacientes con CCR estadio T2-T4 tratados con o sin EPAR antes de la nefrectom&#237;a&#44; observaron una media de p&#233;rdida sangu&#237;nea menor para el grupo de EPAR &#40;250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL vs&#46; 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0066&#41;&#59; y Zargar et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> tras analizar 42 pacientes con CCR intervenidos de nefrectom&#237;a &#40;71&#37; con estadio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T3&#41; concluyeron que los requerimientos de transfusi&#243;n de hemoderivados fueron bajos &#40;mediana de 2 concentrados de hemat&#237;es&#41; en el grupo manejado con EPAR&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En contraposici&#243;n&#44; Chan et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> asociaron la EPAR con una mayor p&#233;rdida sangu&#237;nea &#40;3000 vs&#46; 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; tiempo quir&#250;rgico efectivo&#44; estancia hospitalaria postoperatoria y tasas de mortalidad perioperatoria &#40;8&#44;4 vs&#46; 3&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; este estudio contiene una diferencia importante entre los grupos estudiados que podr&#237;a influir en los resultados obtenidos&#59; hasta el 27&#37; de pacientes en los que se emple&#243; EPAR presentaban un nivel de trombo tumoral supradiafragm&#225;tico &#40;T3c&#41; frente a solo el 11&#37; de los pertenecientes al grupo en los que no se us&#243; EPAR&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; este trabajo no proporciona un estudio multivariable&#44; motivo por el que es dif&#237;cil atribuir dichos resultados el empleo de la EPAR de forma exclusiva&#46; Asimismo&#44; Subramanian et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> observaron un incremento en el tiempo quir&#250;rgico efectivo&#44; estancias en unidad de cuidados intensivos m&#225;s prolongadas&#44; mayor mortalidad perioperatoria&#44; y cierta tendencia al incremento en la necesidad de transfusi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea &#40;coeficiente de regresi&#243;n 3&#44;9&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;08&#41; en aquellos pacientes en los que se emple&#243; EPAR&#59; proponiendo la hipertensi&#243;n venosa sobre la circulaci&#243;n colateral producida tras la EPAR como hip&#243;tesis explicativa de estos resultados&#46; De nuevo&#44; el grupo manejado con EPAR presentaba un ASA score y un nivel de trombo tumoral superiores a los del grupo no-EPAR&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el aspecto relativo a la tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias&#44; y en l&#237;nea con nuestro estudio&#44; Zargar et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> consideran la EPAR un procedimiento seguro &#40;complicaciones mayores del 5&#37;&#41; con tasas de complicaciones similares a las observadas en pacientes sin manejo endovascular preoperatorio&#46; Del mismo modo&#44; Cochetti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> no observaron diferencias significativas en la tasa de complicaciones globales entre ambos grupos&#44; y May et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> tras comparar a 227 pacientes intervenidos tras EPAR frente a 607 en los que no se emplearon maniobras endovasculares&#44; concluyen una ausencia de diferencia significativa en la tasa de complicaciones operatorias&#44; salvo en la tasa de transfusi&#243;n&#40;61 vs&#46; 24&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; es destacable que el 54&#44;1&#37; de los casos de CCR incluidos en esta serie presentaron estadio patol&#243;gico T1&#44; y por tanto la complejidad quir&#250;rgica de los casos no es comparable&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; Subramanian et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> no encontraron diferencias respecto a la tasa de complicaciones intraoperatorias&#44; a pesar de observar un n&#250;mero y severidad de complicaciones postoperatorias m&#225;s importante en el grupo de EPAR&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uno de los efectos colaterales m&#225;s frecuentes tras el empleo de EPAR es el s&#237;ndrome postinfarto&#59; cuadro de dolor intenso en la fosa renal correspondiente al lado embolizado&#44; asociado o no a fiebre&#44; n&#225;useas&#44; v&#243;mitos&#44; o &#237;leo paral&#237;tico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a>&#46; La presentaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica de este cuadro se ha correlacionado con el volumen de necrosis inducido por el procedimiento&#44; del mismo modo que la ausencia de s&#237;ntomas se ha asociado a una embolizaci&#243;n incompleta por la presencia de vascularizaci&#243;n colateral o fallo en la colocaci&#243;n de material de embolizaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Su manejo inicial ha de ser conservador mediante analgesia&#44; antipir&#233;ticos&#44; cortoicoides e hidrataci&#243;n intravenosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a>&#46; En nuestra serie la totalidad de pacientes con EPAR precisaron analgesia intravenosa por dolor tras el procedimiento endovascular&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En todos nuestros casos&#44; la EPAR se realiz&#243; en un periodo de tiempo incluido en las 24 horas previas a la nefrectom&#237;a radical&#46; A pesar de que el tiempo habitualmente considerado por otros grupos oscila entre 1 y 3 d&#237;as &#40;con la intenci&#243;n de generar un tiempo suficiente para favorecer el desarrollo de edema local que facilite la disecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;19&#44;23</span></a>&#41;&#44; algunos autores han propuesto la realizaci&#243;n de la EPAR inmediatamente previa a la nefrectom&#237;a con el fin de disminuir las posibles complicaciones asociadas a este procedimiento &#40;infartos en otros territorios por migraci&#243;n del material de embolizaci&#243;n&#44; toxicidad por contraste&#44; lesiones vasculares&#44; o s&#237;ndrome postinfarto&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;26</span></a>&#44; y as&#237; los costes y la estancia hospitalaria relacionada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#8211;29</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; una dilaci&#243;n excesiva entre la EPAR y la nefrectom&#237;a &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 d&#237;as&#41; se ha asociado a un aumento en el desarrollo de circulaci&#243;n colateral<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#44; riesgo de pielonefritis enfisematosa y mortalidad relacionada con el procedimiento &#40;10&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Recientemente&#44; Alegorides et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> llevaron a cabo un estudio multic&#233;ntrico retrospectivo con un total de 145 pacientes con CCR localmente avanzado&#44; comparando 2 grupos de pacientes entre los que la nefrectom&#237;a se hab&#237;a precedido o no de EPAR <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">inmediata</span>&#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h previo a la cirug&#237;a&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable aportado por este trabajo&#44; la EPAR se comport&#243; como un factor de protecci&#243;n independiente para el sangrado perioperatorio&#40;&#8722;503<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#44; sin que se observasen diferencias en las tasas de complicaciones globales ni graves&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestra opini&#243;n&#44; no todos los pacientes con CCR asociado a trombo tumoral en la vena renal izquierda se beneficiar&#237;an de la EPAR&#46; El mayor beneficio lo obtendr&#237;an aquellos con trombos tumorales que alcanzasen la situaci&#243;n de la aorta o la sobrepasasen<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>A<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#41;</span>&#44; y aquellos localizados a nivel del ostium de la vena renal o que se introduzcan en la vena cava inferior &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#44; ya que en estos casos la disecci&#243;n de la vena renal para conseguir el acceso para el control de la arteria renal izquierda implicar&#237;a un riesgo de fragmentaci&#243;n del trombo tumoral y el consiguiente desarrollo de un TEP intraoperatorio&#46; En estos casos&#44; recomendamos tras la EPAR el control de la vena renal izquierda a nivel del ostium en la vena cava mediante una maniobra de Kocher simple o ampliada&#46; Por el contrario&#44; cuando el espacio existente entre el extremo proximal del trombo tumoral y la aorta sea suficiente para su control en condiciones de seguridad<span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>C&#41; el beneficio de la EPAR ser&#225; menos evidente&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro trabajo no se encuentra exento de limitaciones&#46; Se trata de un estudio observacional&#44; retrospectivo&#44; con un n&#250;mero limitado de casos&#44; y por tanto los resultados obtenidos deben ser evaluados de forma consonante&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se ha llevado a cabo en un centro de referencia para el tratamiento de tumores renales con afectaci&#243;n venosa &#40;CSUR &#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Centros&#44; Servicios y Unidades de Referencia&#8211;</span> desde 2017&#41; y por un equipo con amplia experiencia&#44; por lo que los resultados obtenidos pueden no coincidir en centros de menor volumen&#44; o equipos de experiencia diferente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro estudio sobre tumores renales izquierdos con trombo tumoral limitado a la vena renal&#44; en los que se presuma una dificultad de acceso quir&#250;rgico a la arteria renal principal&#44; la EPAR no se asoci&#243; a un incremento en el sangrado o en el n&#250;mero de complicaciones postoperatorias o se comport&#243; como un predictor independiente de los mismos&#46; Por tanto&#44; en nuestra opini&#243;n podr&#237;a emplearse como una maniobra prequir&#250;rgica con la que facilitar el manejo vascular en casos seleccionados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Embolizaci&#243;n prequir&#250;rgica de la arteria renal"
            1 => "Carcinoma de c&#233;lulas renales"
            2 => "Trombo tumoral"
            3 => "Complicaciones postoperatorias"
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            0 => "Preoperative renal artery embolization"
            1 => "Renal cell carcinoma"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La embolizaci&#243;n prequir&#250;rgica de la arteria renal &#40;EPAR&#41; puede emplearse en grandes masas renales antes de la nefrectom&#237;a para simplificar el procedimiento y disminuir el sangrado intraoperatorio&#46; Nuestro objetivo es determinar el papel de la EPAR sobre el sangrado intraoperatorio y las complicaciones postoperatorias en los tumores renales izquierdos con trombo tumoral limitado a la vena renal izquierda &#40;nivel-0&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de 46 pacientes intervenidos de nefrectom&#237;a radical izquierda y trombectom&#237;a como tratamiento de un carcinoma de c&#233;lulas renales asociado a trombo tumoral de nivel 0 durante el periodo 1990-2020&#46; La EPAR se limit&#243; a aquellos casos en los que el acceso quir&#250;rgico a la arteria renal principal se encontraba <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a priori</span> dificultado en el estudio de imagen prequir&#250;rgico &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#59; 19&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; El sangrado intraoperatorio se estim&#243; en base a la tasa de transfusi&#243;n perioperatoria&#44; y las complicaciones postoperatorias se categorizaron seg&#250;n la clasificaci&#243;n de Clavien-Dindo&#46; Para el contraste de variables se utiliz&#243; el test Chi-cuadrado&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis multivariable para identificar los predictores de transfusi&#243;n y complicaciones&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No existieron diferencias significativas en la tasa de complicaciones global &#40;11&#44;1 vs&#46; 32&#44;4&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;19&#41;&#44; complicaciones graves &#40;0 vs&#46; 8&#44;1&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;51&#41;&#44; o tasa de transfusi&#243;n &#40;11&#44;1 vs&#46; 19&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;49&#41; entre ambos grupos &#40;EPAR vs&#46; no-EPAR&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable la EPAR no se comport&#243; como un predictor de complicaciones &#40;OR&#58; 0&#44;11&#59; IC95&#37; 0&#44;01-2&#44;86&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;18&#41; ni de transfusi&#243;n &#40;OR&#58; 0&#46;46&#59; IC95&#37; 0&#44;02-7&#44;38&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;58&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro estudio sobre carcinomas de c&#233;lulas renales izquierdos con trombo tumoral de nivel 0 y dificultad de acceso a la arteria renal principal&#44; la EPAR no se asoci&#243; a un incremento del sangrado o complicaciones postoperatorias&#44; ni se comport&#243; como un predictor independiente de los mismos&#46; Por tanto&#44; podr&#237;a emplearse como una maniobra prequir&#250;rgica segura para facilitar el manejo vascular en casos seleccionados&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todos"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preoperative renal artery embolization &#40;PRAE&#41; for large renal masses may be performed prior to nephrectomy in order to simplify the procedure and reduce intraoperative bleeding&#46; The objective of this work is to determine the role of PRAE on intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications in left renal tumors with tumor thrombus limited to the left renal vein &#40;level 0&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective analysis to evaluate 46 patients who underwent left radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with level 0 tumor thrombus during the period 1990-2020&#46; PRAE was limited to those cases in which surgical access to the main renal artery was presumed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a priori</span> difficult in the preoperative imaging study &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#59; 19&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Intraoperative bleeding was estimated based on the perioperative transfusion rate&#44; and postoperative complications were categorized according to the Clavien-Dindo classification&#46; The Chi-squared test was used for comparisons&#46; A multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of transfusion and complications&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There were no significant differences in the overall complication rate &#40;11&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 32&#46;4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;19&#41;&#44; major complication rate &#40;0&#37; vs&#46;8&#46;1&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;51&#41;&#44; or transfusion rate &#40;11&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 19&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;49&#41; between both groups &#40;PRAE vs&#46; non-PRAE&#41;&#46; In the multivariate analysis&#44; PRAE did not behave as a predictor of complications &#40;OR&#58;0&#46;11&#44; 95&#37;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>I 0&#46;01-2&#46;86&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;18&#41; nor transfusion &#40;OR&#58;0&#46;46&#44; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;02-7&#46;38&#59;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;58&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In our study on left renal cell carcinomas with level 0 tumor thrombus and difficult access to the main renal artery&#44; PRAE was not associated with increased bleeding or postoperative complications&#44; and it did not behave as an independent predictor of these variables&#46; Therefore&#44; it could be used as a preoperative maneuver to facilitate vascular management in selected cases&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; Trombo tumoral sobrepasando la situaci&#243;n de la aorta&#59; B&#41; Trombo tumoral en el interior de vena cava inferior&#59; C&#41; Trombo tumoral con espacio suficiente para el control vascular entre la parte proximal del trombo tumoral y la aorta&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anapl&#225;sico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Conductos colectores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epidermoide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#40;2&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nefroblastoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;11&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grado de Fhurman &#40;agrupado&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1-2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;32&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;55&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;27&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3-4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;56&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;22&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;64&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No valorable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;10&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;22&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;8&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diferenciaci&#243;n sarcomatoide</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;17&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;11&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;19&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;82&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;88&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;81&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Necrosis tumoral</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;67&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;66&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;67&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;32&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;33&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;32&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Invasi&#243;n de la grasa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;82&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;88&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;81&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;17&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;11&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;19&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#225;rgenes de resecci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transfusi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;17&#44;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;11&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;19&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;82&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;88&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;81&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transfusi&#243;n intraquir&#250;rgica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;15&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;19&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;84&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transfusi&#243;n posquir&#250;rgica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;4&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;11&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;88&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;97&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;23-4&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ASA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;20-11&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de Charlson&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                            0 => "L&#46;E&#46; Almgard"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 02104806
Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1016/j.acuro.2021.02.003
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