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ARTÍCULO ESPECIAL
Recomendaciones de tratamiento en el cáncer de próstata hormonosensible metastásico: selección de pacientes
Recommendations on the Treatment of Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Patient Selection
Á. Borque-Fernandoa, A. Zapaterob, R. Mannehc, T. Alonso-Gordoad, F. Couñagoe, M. Domínguez-Estebanf, M. López-Valcárcelg, A. Rodríguez-Antolính, N. Sala-Gonzálezi, N. Sanmamedj, P. Marotok,
Autor para correspondencia
jmaroto@hsp.santpau.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, en representación del Grupo Guard de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Tumores genitourinarios
a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, España
b Oncología radioterápica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España
c Sociedad de Oncología y Hematología del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia
d Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
e Departamento de Oncología Radioterápica de GenesisCare, Hospital Universitario San Francisco de Asís y Hospital Universitario Vithas La Milagrosa, Madrid, España
f Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
g Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, España
h Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
i Servicio de Oncología Médica, Institut Català de Oncologia, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, España
j Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
k Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
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principalmente en aquellos pacientes catalogados como oligometast&#225;sicos&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Papel del tratamiento local del tumor primario en CPHSm</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el contexto de una enfermedad metast&#225;sica&#44; el tratamiento local del tumor primario tiene una justificaci&#243;n biol&#243;gica&#44; por la disminuci&#243;n de la carga tumoral total y por inducci&#243;n de una respuesta inmunog&#233;nica que libera sustancias que desencadenan efectos antitumorales sist&#233;micos &#40;efecto abscopal&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; existe una justificaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica&#44; basada en series retrospectivas en las que se sugiere un efecto citorreductor con radioterapia que inducir&#237;a el retraso de la terapia sist&#233;mica a trav&#233;s de la destrucci&#243;n de subclones de c&#233;lulas resistentes y reducir&#237;a&#44; con un mejor control local&#44; el desarrollo de sintomatolog&#237;a urinaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;15</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Radioterapia</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio HORRAD fue el primer ensayo cl&#237;nico dise&#241;ado entre 2004 y 2014 que aleatoriz&#243; a 432 pacientes con CPHSm a TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>radioterapia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46; No observ&#243; diferencias en la SG&#44; pero en el subgrupo de pacientes con bajo volumen &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>160&#44; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5 met&#225;stasis&#41;&#44; la radioterapia mostr&#243; una tendencia de mejora en la SG no estad&#237;sticamente significativa &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hazard ratio</span> &#91;HR&#93;&#58; 0&#44;68&#59; intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;42-1&#44;10&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En 2013-2016&#44; el ensayo fase III STAMPEDE &#40;rama H&#41; aleatoriz&#243; a 2&#46;061 pacientes con CPHSm <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> al est&#225;ndar &#40;TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel en un 18&#37;&#41; con o sin radioterapia externa en pr&#243;stata<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; La radioterapia mejor&#243; la supervivencia libre de progresi&#243;n &#40;SLP&#41; en comparaci&#243;n con el tratamiento est&#225;ndar &#40;HR&#58; 0&#44;76&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;68-0&#44;84&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#44; pero no mejor&#243; la SG &#40;HR&#58; 0&#44;92&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;80-1&#44;06&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;266&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en un an&#225;lisis preespecificado utilizando criterios CHAARTED para volumen tumoral &#40;alto&#58; &#8805; met&#225;stasis &#243;seas incluida &#8805; 1 met&#225;stasis fuera de la columna vertebral o pelvis y&#47;o met&#225;stasis viscerales&#59; bajo&#58; que no sea alto&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18-20</span></a>&#44; en el grupo de pacientes con bajo volumen &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>819&#41;&#44; la radioterapia mejor&#243; la SG a tres a&#241;os en comparaci&#243;n con el tratamiento est&#225;ndar &#40;81&#37; vs&#46; 73&#37;&#59; HR&#58; 0&#44;68&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;52-0&#44;90&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;007&#41; y la SLP &#40;50&#37; vs&#46; 33&#37;&#59; HR&#58; 0&#44;59&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;49-0&#44;72&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#44; sin un aumento significativo de la toxicidad urinaria o intestinal&#46; Los pacientes con alto volumen no se beneficiaron del tratamiento local<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Los resultados actualizados tras una mediana de seguimiento de 61&#44;3 meses demostraron que la radioterapia prost&#225;tica manten&#237;a el beneficio en la SG en pacientes con un bajo volumen tumoral &#40;HR&#58; 0&#44;64&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;52-0&#44;79&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; sin beneficio en pacientes con alto volumen &#40;HR&#58; 1&#44;11&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;96-1&#44;28&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;164&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio PEACE-1 es un ensayo fase III multic&#233;ntrico realizado en 2013-2018 en el que 1&#46;173 pacientes con CPHSm <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> fueron aleatorizados &#40;1&#58;1&#58;1&#58;1&#41; a tratamiento est&#225;ndar &#40;TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel&#41;&#44; tratamiento est&#225;ndar con radioterapia&#44; tratamiento est&#225;ndar con abiraterona&#44; o est&#225;ndar con radioterapia y abiraterona<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Los pacientes que recibieron radioterapia &#40;tanto en poblaci&#243;n de bajo volumen tumoral como en la global&#41; mostraron una disminuci&#243;n en el tiempo de aparici&#243;n de eventos genitourinarios graves&#44; independientemente de la terapia sist&#233;mica utilizada&#46; Los resultados de un suban&#225;lisis con 505 pacientes comparativo de radioterapia en el subgrupo de bajo volumen tumoral han sido presentados en la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">American Society of Clinical Oncology</span> &#40;ASCO&#41; 2023<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Con una mediana de seguimiento de 73 meses&#44; estos pacientes no mostraron un beneficio significativo en SG con la adici&#243;n de radioterapia&#44; pero s&#237; una mejor&#237;a significativa en SLP radiol&#243;gica&#44; en el subgrupo de pacientes tratados con abiraterona &#40;HR&#58; 0&#44;65&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#46; El tratamiento con radioterapia prolong&#243; el intervalo libre de resistencia a castraci&#243;n&#44; tanto en poblaci&#243;n de bajo volumen &#40;mediana 3&#44;4 vs&#46; 2&#44;5 a&#241;os&#59; HR&#58; 0&#44;74&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;60-0&#44;92&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;007&#41;&#44; como en la global &#40;2&#44;5 vs&#46; 1&#44;9 a&#241;os&#59; HR&#58; 0&#44;79&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;69-0&#44;90&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;007&#41;&#46; El uso de una dosis de radiaci&#243;n m&#225;s alta justificar&#237;a las diferencias observadas en los resultados entre PEACE-1 y STAMPEDE &#40;74 vs&#46; 67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy&#41; y una terapia sist&#233;mica m&#225;s eficaz&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica y metaan&#225;lisis <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Systemic Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer</span> &#40;STOPCAP&#41; &#40;con 2&#46;126 pacientes procedentes de HORRAD&#44; STAMPEDE y PEACE-1&#41; describi&#243; que la radioterapia prost&#225;tica era m&#225;s favorable ante una menor carga metast&#225;sica &#40;&#60; 5 vs&#46; &#8805; 5 met&#225;stasis&#59; HR&#58; 1&#44;47&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;11-1&#44;94&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;007&#41;&#46; Hubo una mejor&#237;a del 7&#37; en la SG a tres a&#241;os en pacientes con &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5 met&#225;stasis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Recomendaci&#243;n de expertos&#58; deber&#237;a recomendarse la radioterapia prost&#225;tica a pacientes con CPHSm y bajo volumen tumoral&#46; El tratamiento en otros subgrupos deber&#237;a individualizarse y justificarse bas&#225;ndose en el beneficio observado en la reducci&#243;n de eventos locales&#46;</span></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Prostactectom&#237;a radical</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No hay datos de ensayos fase III que aclaren el papel de la prostatectom&#237;a en el CPHSm <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#46; Te&#243;ricamente&#44; la morbilidad asociada a la cirug&#237;a podr&#237;a tener un efecto negativo sobre el sistema inmunol&#243;gico y el control del c&#225;ncer&#46; Las series publicadas hasta ahora&#44; con n&#250;mero limitado de pacientes&#44; concluyen que la prostatectom&#237;a proporciona beneficios en el control local&#44; y SLP&#44; siendo una t&#233;cnica reproducible si se seleccionan adecuadamente los pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Actualmente&#44; hay dos estudios fase III en marcha&#58; APPROACH &#40;<a href="ctgov:NCT05649943">NCT05649943</a>&#41; y SWOG-S1802 &#40;<a href="ctgov:NCT03678025">NCT03678025</a>&#41;&#46; El primero es un ensayo multic&#233;ntrico que reclutar&#225; a 566 pacientes con CPHS oligometast&#225;sico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46; Despu&#233;s de seis meses de tratamiento con apalutamida&#44; los pacientes ser&#225;n aleatorizados &#40;1&#58;1&#41; para continuar el tratamiento con apalutamida sola o m&#225;s un tratamiento local &#40;dependiendo del investigador&#44; radioterapia frente a prostatectom&#237;a&#41;&#46; El estudio SWOG-S1802 es un ensayo fase III aleatorizado que estudia la eficacia de la terapia sist&#233;mica est&#225;ndar con o sin tratamiento definitivo &#40;prostatectom&#237;a citorreductora o radioterapia&#41; en pacientes con c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata metast&#225;sico&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Papel del tratamiento local de la enfermedad oligometast&#225;sica en CPHSm</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cl&#237;nicamente&#44; se ha demostrado que la terapia dirigida a met&#225;stasis &#40;TDM&#41;&#44; com&#250;nmente mediante radioterapia estereot&#225;ctica corporal &#40;SBRT o SABR&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> mejora la SLP&#46; La evidencia principal proviene de dos ensayos fase II &#40;STOMP y ORIOLE&#41; que aleatorizaron pacientes con enfermedad oligometast&#225;sica &#40;1-3 lesiones&#41; a TDM &#40;SBRT en el 81&#37; de los pacientes en el STOMP y el 100&#37; en el ORIOLE&#41; o a observaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27-29</span></a>&#46; En ambos ensayos se observ&#243; que la TDM permit&#237;a retrasar el tiempo al inicio de la TPA &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46; Los datos combinados mostraron que la TDM mejoraba la SLP &#40;5&#44;9 meses para el grupo de observaci&#243;n y 11&#44;9 para el grupo con TDM&#59; HR&#58; 0&#44;44&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;29-0&#44;66&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; No hubo diferencias significativas en la SLP radiogr&#225;fica&#44; tiempo hasta resistencia a castraci&#243;n o SG&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio fase II&#44; abierto y aleatorizado multitumor&#44; SABR-COMET &#40;el 18&#37; de pacientes ten&#237;an c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata&#41; evalu&#243; el efecto de la SABR en enfermedad oligometast&#225;sica &#40;1-5 met&#225;stasis&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44;32</span></a>&#46; Los pacientes fueron aleatorizados &#40;1&#58;2&#41; para recibir tratamiento est&#225;ndar<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SABR&#46; Con una mediana de seguimiento de 51 meses&#44; la tasa de SG a cinco a&#241;os fue del 17&#44;7&#37; en el grupo control y del 42&#44;3&#37; en el grupo con SABR &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; El estudio fase II EXTENT tambi&#233;n evidenci&#243; el beneficio de la TDM en CPHSm&#44; que tras una mediana de seguimiento de 22 meses proporcion&#243; una mejora significativa de la SLP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Actualmente&#44; hay m&#250;ltiples ensayos cl&#237;nicos que eval&#250;an el empleo de la SBRT sobre las oligomet&#225;stasis en pacientes que reciben tratamiento est&#225;ndar con nuevos antiandr&#243;genos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34-37</span></a>&#44; como el estudio espa&#241;ol fase III START-MET &#40;<a href="ctgov:NCT05209243">NCT05209243</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#44; que incluir&#225; 266 pacientes con CPHSm&#44; con enfermedad limitada &#40;&#8804; 3 lesiones seg&#250;n tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; y gammagraf&#237;a &#243;sea y &#8804; 5 lesiones seg&#250;n tomograf&#237;a por emisi&#243;n de positrones &#91;PET&#93;&#47;TC-colina o ant&#237;geno prost&#225;tico espec&#237;fico de membrana &#91;PSMA&#93;&#41; en el diagn&#243;stico o en un estadio oligorrecurrente&#44; y ser&#225;n aleatorizados &#40;1&#58;1&#41; a tratamiento est&#225;ndar<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBRT &#40;para todas las lesiones&#41; frente a tratamiento est&#225;ndar&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Recomendaci&#243;n de expertos&#58; en espera de resultados de ensayos aleatorizados&#44; el tratamiento con TDM &#40;y m&#225;s espec&#237;ficamente SBRT&#41; en enfermedad oligometast&#225;sica parece una opci&#243;n a individualizar en pacientes bien informados y en el contexto de comit&#233;s multidisciplinares&#46;</span></p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Revisi&#243;n de la actividad de los dobletes</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Doblete TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Docetaxel mejora la supervivencia cuando se a&#241;ade a TPA frente a monoterapia con TPA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19&#44;39-42</span></a>&#46; Aunque el estudio GETUG-AFU15 fue negativo en SG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39&#44;40</span></a>&#44; probablemente debido al mayor n&#250;mero de pacientes de bajo volumen&#44; el estudio CHAARTED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a> y la rama C del STAMPEDE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;42</span></a> fueron positivos para SG &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; Seg&#250;n CHAARTED&#44; la mejor&#237;a fue m&#225;s pronunciada en pacientes con alto volumen<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;43</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en STAMPEDE el volumen de la enfermedad no influy&#243; en el beneficio sobre la SG cuando se a&#241;ad&#237;a docetaxel a la TPA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;42</span></a>&#44; probablemente porque el STAMPEDE incluy&#243; m&#225;s pacientes con bajo volumen que el CHAARTED &#40;44&#37; vs&#46; 35&#37;&#41;&#46; Varios metaan&#225;lisis han demostrado que el beneficio del docetaxel es mayor en la enfermedad sincr&#243;nica y de alto volumen<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19&#44;44</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Doblete TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IRA</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La rama G del estudio STAMPEDE compar&#243; la combinaci&#243;n de abiraterona con prednisolona y TPA frente a TPA sola&#44; mostrando una mejora en la SG a cinco a&#241;os hasta del 60&#37; vs&#46; 41&#37; en TPA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; De forma similar&#44; en el ensayo LATITUDE&#44; que incluy&#243; solo pacientes con met&#225;stasis sincr&#243;nicas y de alto riesgo &#40;definido como dos de tres de una puntuaci&#243;n de Gleason &#8805; 8&#44; &#8805; 3 lesiones &#243;seas y la presencia de met&#225;stasis viscerales&#41;&#44; la mediana de SG fue de 53&#44;3 meses en varones con CPHSm <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> de alto riesgo tratados con abiraterona y prednisona&#44; frente a 36&#44;5 meses en el grupo con TPA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&#46; La apalutamida y enzalutamida tambi&#233;n han confirmado el beneficio del doblete sobre monoterapia con TPA en t&#233;rminos de tiempo a resistencia a castraci&#243;n&#44; SLP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> y SG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47&#44;48</span></a>&#46; La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> resume los estudios con la combinaci&#243;n de TPA con IRA frente a TPA sola&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Revisi&#243;n de la evidencia de los tripletes&#58; TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IRA</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos estudios fase III aleatorizados &#40;PEACE-1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> y ARASENS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;49</span></a>&#41; han demostrado la superioridad del triplete sobre el tratamiento doble de TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel &#40;caracter&#237;sticas de pacientes y resultados en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;&#46; De ellos&#44; ARASENS es el &#250;nico dise&#241;ado desde el inicio para responder a si a&#241;adir un IRA mejora los resultados del doblete con docetaxel&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio PEACE-1 ten&#237;a como objetivo inicial evaluar el papel del tratamiento local m&#225;s la intensificaci&#243;n del tratamiento sist&#233;mico con abiraterona&#46; Al extenderse el reclutamiento&#44; el tratamiento est&#225;ndar que inicialmente consisti&#243; solo en TPA&#44; tras una modificaci&#243;n del protocolo fue TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel&#46; La terapia triple mejor&#243; la SG en comparaci&#243;n con docetaxel y TPA&#59; con un beneficio mayor en pacientes con alto volumen<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En un suban&#225;lisis del estudio PEACE-1 se evalu&#243; el efecto del triplete en pacientes con &#8805; 70 a&#241;os en comparaci&#243;n con pacientes m&#225;s j&#243;venes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a>&#46; Los pacientes a&#241;osos ten&#237;an un peor estado funcional ECOG 1-2&#44; y presentaban con m&#225;s frecuencia hipertensi&#243;n y diabetes mellitus tipo 2&#46; Los resultados sugirieron que la poblaci&#243;n m&#225;s mayor obtiene un menor beneficio en t&#233;rminos de SLP radiogr&#225;fica y de SG&#44; posiblemente debido a una mayor toxicidad que conduce a una interrupci&#243;n m&#225;s frecuente del f&#225;rmaco&#44; ya que en pacientes mayores lo suficientemente aptos como para recibir TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel&#44; el beneficio de a&#241;adir abiraterona al tratamiento est&#225;ndar fue comparable al obtenido en los m&#225;s j&#243;venes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El &#250;nico ensayo de registro publicado hasta ahora con un triplete es el ARASENS&#44; que aleatoriz&#243; a 1&#46;306 pacientes con CPHSm sincr&#243;nico y metacr&#243;nico &#40;1&#58;1&#41; a TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>darolutamida o placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;49</span></a>&#46; El triplete se asoci&#243; de nuevo a una mejora de la SG en el global y en todos los subgrupos de pacientes en comparaci&#243;n con el grupo control&#44; pero fue superior en los pacientes con enfermedad sincr&#243;nica y alto volumen&#46; Como dato adicional&#44; la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes en este estudio recibieron terapias que prolongan la supervivencia a la progresi&#243;n&#44; lo que nuevamente confirma que un tratamiento secuencial es inferior a una intensificaci&#243;n de inicio&#46; A largo plazo no se observ&#243; un efecto delet&#233;reo en la calidad de vida de aquellos pacientes tratados con darolutamida ni efectos secundarios inesperados&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Recomendaci&#243;n de expertos&#58; los pacientes candidatos a recibir docetaxel no deber&#237;an recibir solo un doblete con docetaxel&#46; La combinaci&#243;n con darolutamida es la &#250;nica disponible seg&#250;n ficha t&#233;cnica&#44; basada en un ensayo espec&#237;fico para demostrar superioridad sobre docetaxel&#46; La combinaci&#243;n con abiraterona es una alternativa v&#225;lida en aquellos pacientes en los que no pueda administrarse una terapia triple con darolutamida e individualizar seg&#250;n comorbilidades y potenciales toxicidades&#46;</span></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Revisi&#243;n de la evidencia sobre comparaciones indirectas entre dobletes y tripletes</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En los ensayos ARCHES&#44; TITAN y ENZAMET se incluyeron un peque&#241;o n&#250;mero de pacientes que recibieron terapia triple secuencial con docetaxel&#46; En los dos primeros&#44; docetaxel fue administrado a un 18&#37; y 11&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#44; y los an&#225;lisis secundarios no encontraron un beneficio en la SG con el triplete&#44; probablemente debido al bajo n&#250;mero de pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;7&#44;46&#44;47</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en el estudio ENZAMET &#40;el 45&#37; de los pacientes recibieron triplete con docetaxel&#41; los resultados sugirieron que el triplete aumentaba la SLP a expensas de una mayor toxicidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#44;51</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Varias revisiones sistem&#225;ticas y metaan&#225;lisis han realizado comparaciones indirectas entre TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IRA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel frente a TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IRA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52-57</span></a>&#46; En este sentido&#44; en poblaci&#243;n general&#44; la mayor&#237;a de an&#225;lisis ha demostrado que la SLP y la SG fueron superiores con el triplete que con TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;7&#44;46&#44;47&#44;53&#44;54&#44;56&#44;57</span></a>&#44; sin embargo el triplete no es superior cuando se compara con TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IRA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52&#44;53&#44;55&#44;56</span></a>&#46; En cuanto al an&#225;lisis de subgrupos&#44; la SG fue superior con el triplete frente a TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel solo en pacientes de alto volumen y sincr&#243;nicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53&#44;56</span></a>&#46; En pacientes de bajo volumen&#44; el triplete no mostr&#243; un beneficio significativo en comparaci&#243;n con TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel&#44; e incluso ser&#237;a desfavorable en comparaci&#243;n con TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IRA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46; Los resultados de toxicidad fueron muy variables de unos an&#225;lisis a otros&#44; desde no observar diferencias hasta un aumento de toxicidad grado 3 con los tripletes&#44; especialmente la hipertensi&#243;n arterial con abiraterona y darolutamida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52&#44;57</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Recomendaci&#243;n de expertos&#58; para aquellos pacientes metast&#225;sicos de alto volumen tumoral&#44; especialmente de novo y sin contraindicaciones para docetaxel&#44; el tratamiento recomendado podr&#237;a ser un triplete&#46; Los pacientes no candidatos a un tratamiento con docetaxel deber&#237;an recibir un doblete de TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IRA&#46; No se contempla un doblete con docetaxel&#46; La terapia &#250;nica con TPA deber&#237;a limitarse a pacientes con importantes comorbilidades y que podr&#237;an no beneficiarse de una intensificaci&#243;n a medio plazo&#46;</span></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El panorama terap&#233;utico del CPHSm ha evolucionado r&#225;pidamente&#44; dejando obsoleto el tratamiento de TPA sola y el de TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel&#46; Los avances se resumen en la incorporaci&#243;n de la radioterapia local en la enfermedad metast&#225;sica&#44; y en la evidencia de un efecto sin&#233;rgico de los diferentes tratamientos usados de forma concomitante&#46; La elecci&#243;n de un triplete sobre un doblete con IRA no puede basarse en los resultados de un ensayo directo&#46; Algunos criterios propuestos para tomar en consideraci&#243;n son la tolerancia a un tratamiento con docetaxel&#44; el volumen de la enfermedad y la temporalidad en la forma de presentaci&#243;n metast&#225;sica&#46; Si bien estos criterios son imperfectos&#44; deber&#237;amos buscar individualizaciones terap&#233;uticas basadas en paneles g&#233;nicos y biomarcadores&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabajo ha sido financiado por Bayer de acuerdo con las Gu&#237;as de Buenas Pr&#225;cticas de Publicaci&#243;n &#40;GPP-2022&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#193;&#46; Borque-Fernando ha participado en sesiones de formaci&#243;n y ha recibido honorarios por asesor&#237;a de Asofarma&#44; Astellas-Pharma&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Bayer&#44; GP Pharm&#44; HealthMDx&#44; Ipsen&#44; Janssen&#44; Lacer&#44; MSD&#44; Pharmalink y Recordati&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A&#46; Zapatero ha recibido honorarios por ponencias&#44; asesor&#237;a&#44; investigaci&#243;n y otros apoyos no financieros de Astellas-Pharma y Janssen&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">R&#46; Manneh ha recibido honorarios por ponencias&#44; asesor&#237;as e investigaci&#243;n de AstraZeneca&#44; Amgen&#44; Astellas-Pharma&#44; Bayer&#44; BMS&#44; Eli Lilly&#44; Ipsen&#44; Jannsen&#44; MSD&#44; Merck Serono&#44; Novartis&#44; Pfizer&#44; Roche y Tecnofarma&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T&#46; Alonso-Gordoa ha recibido honorarios por ponencias&#44; asesor&#237;as&#44; investigaci&#243;n y otros apoyos no financieros de IPSEN&#44; Eli Lilly&#44; Adacap&#44; Pfizer&#44; Sanofi&#44; EISAI&#44; Bayer&#44; Janssen&#44; Astellas-Pharma&#44; Novartis y MSD&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">F&#46; Cou&#241;ago ha recibido honorarios de Janssen&#44; Astellas&#44; IPSEN&#44; Recordati&#44; Boston Scientific&#44; AstraZeneca y Bayer por la participaci&#243;n en comit&#233;s de expertos y conferencias impartidas&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#46; Dom&#237;nguez ha recibido honorarios de Janssen&#44; Astellas&#44; IPSEN&#44; Bristol&#44; AAA&#44; Boston Scientific&#44; Intuitive&#44; AstraZeneca y Bayer por la participaci&#243;n en comit&#233;s de expertos y conferencias impartidas&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#46; L&#243;pez Valc&#225;rcel ha recibido honorarios por ponencias&#44; asesor&#237;as&#44; investigaci&#243;n y otros apoyos no financieros de Astellas-Pharma&#44; Janssen&#44; Bayer&#44; Recordati y MSD&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alfredo Rodr&#237;guez Antol&#237;n ha recibido honorarios por su participaci&#243;n en sesiones de formaci&#243;n y asesor&#237;a de Astellas-Pharma&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Novartis&#44; Bayer y Janssen&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#46; Sala Gonz&#225;lez&#58; ha recibido becas de investigaci&#243;n&#44; honorarios y otros apoyos no financieros de IPSEN Pfizer&#44; Bayer&#44; BMS y MSD&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#46; Sanmamed ha recibido honorarios por asesor&#237;a de Astellas-Pharma&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">P&#46; Maroto ha recibido honorarios por ponencias&#44; asesor&#237;as&#44; y otros apoyos como ayudas log&#237;sticas de Astellas&#44; Janssen&#44; Bayer&#44; MSD y Novartis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Agradecimientos</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores agradecen a Fernando S&#225;nchez Barbero PhD&#44; en nombre de Springer Healthcare&#44; el soporte editorial y la ayuda en la redacci&#243;n del manuscrito&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento est&#225;ndar del carcinoma de pr&#243;stata hormonosensible metast&#225;sico &#40;CPHSm&#41; es en la actualidad una combinaci&#243;n de terapia de privaci&#243;n androg&#233;nica &#40;TPA&#41; m&#225;s una terapia dirigida al receptor androg&#233;nico &#40;abiraterona&#44; apalutamida&#44; enzalutamida o darolutamida&#41; con o sin quimioterapia &#40;docetaxel&#41;&#46; La selecci&#243;n de pacientes adecuados para cada enfoque terap&#233;utico se ha convertido en un factor determinante para garantizar la eficacia y minimizar los efectos secundarios&#46; Este art&#237;culo combina la evidencia cl&#237;nica reciente con la experiencia acumulada de expertos en oncolog&#237;a m&#233;dica&#44; oncolog&#237;a radioter&#225;pica y urolog&#237;a&#44; para proporcionar una visi&#243;n integral y recomendaciones terap&#233;uticas para el manejo del CPHSm&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The standard treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer &#40;mHSPC&#41; is now a combination of androgen deprivation therapy plus an androgen receptor-targeted therapy &#40;abiraterone&#44; apalutamide&#44; enzalutamide or darolutamide&#41;&#44; with or without chemotherapy &#40;docetaxel&#41;&#46; The selection of suitable patients for each therapeutic approach has become a determining factor to ensure efficacy and minimize side effects&#46; This article combines recent clinical evidence with the accumulated experience of experts in medical oncology&#44; radiation oncology and urology&#44; to provide a comprehensive view and therapeutic recommendations for mHSPC&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">HORRAD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RT &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>216&#41; vs&#46; TPA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>216&#41;&#8226; PSA &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 ng&#47;mL&#8226; Met&#225;stasis &#243;seas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana de seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>47 m&#8226; SG<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45 vs&#46; 43 m &#40;0&#44;90 &#91;0&#44;70-1&#44;14&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;4&#41;&#8226; SG bajo volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;68 &#40;0&#44;42-1&#44;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">STAMPEDE &#40;rama H&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TE &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1029&#41; vs&#46; TE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RT &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;032&#41;&#8226; 42&#37; baja carga tumoral&#8226; 58&#37; alta carga tumoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana de seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61&#44;3 m&#8226; SG<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;90 &#40;0&#44;81-1&#44;01&#41;&#8226; SG baja carga<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;64 &#40;0&#44;52-0&#44;79&#41;&#8226; SG alta carga<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;11 &#40;0&#44;96-1&#44;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PEACE-1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TE &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>296&#41; vs&#46; TE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RT &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>293&#41; vs&#46; TE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>abiraterona &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>292&#41; vs&#46; TE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>abiraterona &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>291&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana de seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;4 a&#241;os&#8226; SG sin RT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;84 &#40;0&#44;65-10&#44;8&#41;&#8226; SG con RT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;81 &#40;0&#44;63-1&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">STOPCAP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica y metaan&#225;lisisPacientes sometidos a RT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TPA vs&#46; TPA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; SG englobada<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;92 &#40;0&#44;81-1&#44;04&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;195&#8226; SLP englobada<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;94 &#40;0&#44;84-1&#44;05&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;238&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prostatectom&#237;a radical</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio APPROACH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fase III&#44; aleatorizado&#8226; Apalutamida&#8226; Apalutamida<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>tratamiento local de elecci&#243;n &#40;RT o prostatectom&#237;a&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">En desarrollo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio SWOG-S1802&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fase III&#44; aleatorizado&#8226; Terapia sist&#233;mica&#8226; Terapia sist&#233;mica<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>tratamiento local de elecci&#243;n &#40;RT o prostatectom&#237;a&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">En desarrollo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evidencia sobre tratamiento local del tumor primario en el c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata hormonosensible metast&#225;sico</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CPHSm&#58; c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata hormonosensible metast&#225;sico&#59; HR&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hazard ratio</span>&#59; IC&#58; intervalo de confianza&#59; m&#58; meses&#59; NA&#58; no alcanzado&#59; PSA&#58; ant&#237;geno prost&#225;tico espec&#237;fico&#59; SABR&#58; radioterapia estereot&#225;ctica corporal&#59; SG&#58; supervivencia global&#59; SLP&#58; supervivencia libre de progresi&#243;n&#59; TDM&#58; terapia dirigida a las met&#225;stasis&#59; TE&#58; tratamiento est&#225;ndar&#59; TPA&#58; terapia de privaci&#243;n androg&#233;nica&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tratamiento y caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ResultadosHR &#91;IC 95&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">STOMP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Observaci&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#41; vs&#46; TDM &#40;SBRT o metastasectom&#237;a&#41; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#41;&#8226; CPHSm recurrente&#8226; &#8804; 3 met&#225;stasis extracraneales&#8226; Testosterona s&#233;rica<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 50 ng&#47;mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Supervivencia libre de TPA a 5 a&#241;os<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#37; vs&#46; 34&#37; &#40;0&#44;57 &#91;0&#44;38-0&#44;84&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;06&#41;&#8226; Supervivencia libre de resistencia a castraci&#243;n a 5 a&#241;os<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>53&#37; vs&#46; 76&#37; &#40;0&#44;62 &#91;IC 80&#37; 0&#44;35-1&#44;09&#93;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ORIOLE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SABR &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41; vs&#46; observaci&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#41;&#8226; CPHSm recurrente&#8226; 1-3 met&#225;stasis detectadas por t&#233;cnicas de imagen convencionales&#8226; Sin TPA previo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana de seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#44;8 m&#8226; SLP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NA vs&#46; 5&#44;8 m &#40;0&#44;30 &#91;0&#44;11-0&#44;81&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SABR-COMET<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44;32</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TE &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>33&#41; vs&#46; TE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SABR &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>66&#41;&#8226; 1-5 met&#225;stasis&#8226; ECOG 0-1&#8226; Expectativa de vida de al menos 6 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana de seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51 m&#8226; SG a 5 a&#241;os<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#44;7&#37; vs&#46; 42&#44;3&#37; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;006&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EXTENT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TE &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41; vs&#46; TE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SBRT &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>43&#41;&#8226; &#8804; 5 met&#225;stasis&#8226; &#8805; 2 m en tratamiento hormonal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana de seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22 m&#8226; SLP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;8 m vs&#46; NA &#40;0&#44;25 &#91;0&#44;12-0&#44;55&#93;&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#8226; SLP eugonadal &#40;testosterona &#8805; 150 ng&#47;dL&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;1 m vs&#46; NA &#40;0&#44;32 &#91;0&#44;11-0&#44;91&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evidencia sobre tratamiento local de las oligomet&#225;stasis en el c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata hormonosensible metast&#225;sico</p>"
        ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
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            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CPHSm&#58; c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata hormonosensible metast&#225;sico&#59; HR&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hazard ratio</span>&#59; IC&#58; intervalo de confianza&#59; IRA&#58; inhibidores de la v&#237;a de los receptores androg&#233;nicos&#59; LHRH&#58; hormona liberadora de hormona luteinizante&#59; m&#58; meses&#59; NA&#58; no alcanzado&#59; PSA&#58; ant&#237;geno prost&#225;tico espec&#237;fico&#59; SG&#58; supervivencia global&#59; TPA&#58; terapia de privaci&#243;n androg&#233;nica&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tratamiento y caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ResultadosHR &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">GETUG-AFU15<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39&#44;40</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TPA &#40;orquiectom&#237;a o agonista de LHRH solo o en combinaci&#243;n con antiandr&#243;genos no esteroideos&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>192&#41; vs&#46; TPA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>193&#41;&#8226; Diagn&#243;stico de CPHS con confirmaci&#243;n radiol&#243;gica de met&#225;stasis&#8226; Karnofsky 70&#37;&#8226; Esperanza de vida de al menos 3 meses&#8226; Se permiti&#243; tratamiento previo con TPA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana de seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>83&#44;9 m&#8226; SG<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62&#44;1 vs&#46; 48&#44;6 m &#40;0&#44;88 &#91;0&#44;68-1&#44;14&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;3&#41;&#8226; SG alta carga tumoral<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>39&#44;8 vs&#46; 35&#44;1 m &#40;0&#44;78 &#91;0&#44;56-1&#44;09&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;14&#41;&#8226; SG baja carga<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NA vs&#46; 83&#44;4 m &#40;1&#44;02 &#91;0&#44;67-1&#44;55&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;9&#41;&#8226; SG pacientes metast&#225;sicos en fase inicial<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52&#44;6 vs&#46; 41&#44;5 m &#40;0&#44;93 &#91;0&#44;69-1&#44;25&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CHAARTED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>397&#41; vs&#46; TPA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>393&#41;&#8226; Diagn&#243;stico de c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata o niveles elevados de PSA&#8226; Evidencia radiol&#243;gica de met&#225;stasis&#8226; Se permiti&#243; tratamiento previo con TPA&#8226; 73&#37; sincr&#243;nicos&#8226; 65&#37; alto volumen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana de seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>53&#44;7 m&#8226; SG<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>57&#44;6 vs&#46; 47&#44;2 m &#40;0&#44;72 &#91;0&#44;59-0&#44;89&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0018&#41;&#8226; SG alto volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#44;2 vs&#46; 34&#44;4 m &#40;0&#44;63 &#91;0&#44;50-0&#44;79&#93;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#8226; SG bajo volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;04 &#40;0&#44;70-1&#44;55&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">STAMPEDE &#40;rama C&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;42</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>docetaxel &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>362&#41; vs&#46; TPA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>724&#41;&#8226; 61&#37; con CPHSm&#8226; 58&#37; sincr&#243;nicos&#8226; 56&#37; alta carga tumoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana de seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>78&#44;2 m&#8226; SG docetaxel<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59&#44;1 m&#59; 49&#37; a 5 a&#241;os&#8226; SG control<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>43&#44;1 m&#59; 37&#37; a 5 a&#241;os&#8226; 0&#44;81 &#40;0&#44;69-0&#44;95&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IRA</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">STAMPEDE &#40;rama G&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;58</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Abiraterona<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>prednisolona<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TPA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>960&#41; vs&#46; TPA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>957&#41;&#8226; Reci&#233;n diagnosticados de CPHSm&#44; ganglios positivos&#8226; CPHSm localmente avanzado de alto riesgo &#40;NOMO&#44; &#8805; 2 de las siguientes&#58; T3 o T4&#44; Gleason &#8805; 8 y PSA &#8805; 40 ng&#47;mL&#41;&#8226; Enfermedad recurrente tras terapia local con caracter&#237;sticas de alto riesgo o met&#225;stasis&#8226; 49&#37; sincr&#243;nicos&#8226; 52&#37; alto riesgo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40 m&#8226; SG<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;61 &#40;0&#44;56-0&#44;78&#41;&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LATITUDE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;45</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Abiraterona<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>prednisona<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TPA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>597&#41; vs&#46; TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>placebo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>602&#41;&#8226; Reci&#233;n diagnosticado CPHSm con &#8805; 2 de los siguientes factores de alto riesgo&#58; Gleason &#8805; 8&#44; &#8805; 3 lesiones &#243;seas&#44; y met&#225;stasis visceral medible&#8226; 100&#37; sincr&#243;nicos&#8226; 100&#37; de alto riesgo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#44;8 m&#8226; SG<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>53&#44;3 vs&#46; 36&#44;5 m &#40;0&#44;66 &#91;0&#44;56-&#8226; 0&#44;78&#93;&#59; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#8226; SG alto riesgo&#47;alto volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;58 &#40;0&#44;41-0&#44;83&#41;&#8226; SG bajo riesgo&#47;bajo volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;69 &#40;0&#44;58-0&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ARCHES<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;46</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enzalutamida<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TPA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>574&#41; vs&#46; TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>placebo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>576&#41;&#8226; Se permiti&#243; tratamiento previo con docetaxel o TPA&#8226; 63&#37; alto volumen&#8226; 67&#37; sincr&#243;nicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#44;6 m&#8226; SG<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NA vs&#46; NA &#40;0&#44;66 &#91;0&#44;53-0&#44;81&#93;&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#8226; SG alto riesgo&#47;volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;66 &#40;0&#44;52-0&#44;83&#41;&#8226; SG bajo riesgo&#47;volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;66 &#40;0&#44;43-1&#44;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TITAN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50&#44;47</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Apalutamida<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TPA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>525&#41; vs&#46; TPA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>placebo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>527&#41;&#8226; Se permiti&#243; tratamiento previo con docetaxel o TPA&#8226; 81&#37; sincr&#243;nicos&#8226; 63&#37; alto volumen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8226; Mediana seg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44 m&#8226; SG<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NA vs&#46; 52&#44;2 m &#40;0&#44;65 &#91;0&#44;53-0&#44;79&#93;&#59; p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#8226; SG alto riesgo&#47;volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;68 &#40;0&#44;50-0&#44;92&#41;&#8226; SG bajo riesgo&#47;volumen<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;67 &#40;0&#44;34-1&#44;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ENZAMET<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#44;51</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ARASENS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;49</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                            4 => "C&#46;N&#46; Sternberg"
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                      "titulo" => "Abiraterone plus prednisone added to androgen deprivation therapy and docetaxel in de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer &#40;PEACE-1&#41;&#58; a multicentre&#44; open-label&#44; randomised&#44; phase 3 study with a 2 x 2 factorial design"
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ISSN: 02104806
Idioma original: Español
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