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Vol. 35. Núm. 3.
Páginas 127-136 (enero 2010)
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Vol. 35. Núm. 3.
Páginas 127-136 (enero 2010)
Original article
Acceso a texto completo
Detection and molecular staging of bladder cancer using real-time RT-PCR for gelatinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and TIMP-2 in peripheral blood
Detección y estadificación molecular del cáncer vesical mediante RT-PCR a tiempo real para gelatinasas (MMP-2, MMP-9) y TIMP-2 en sangre periférica
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J.C. Angulo
Autor para correspondencia
, A. Ferruelo, J.M. Rodríguez-Barbero, C. Núñez, F.R. de Fata, J. González
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Fundación para la Investigación, Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Molecular staging of bladder cancer based on the detection of mRNA of urothelial specific genes in circulating cancer cells has been inconclusive. We analyze whether real-time RT-PCR evaluation of gelatinases (MMP-9, MMP-2) and TIMP-2 in peripheral blood allows diagnosing and characterizing patients with bladder neoplasm.

Materials and method

Total RNA is extracted from circulating blood cells in 42 individuals (11 healthy controls, 31 patients with bladder cancer in different stages) and real-time RT-PCR performed using specific primers for MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-2 and ribosomal 18S. The quantification values of mRNA are described as relative to 18S mRNA (ΔΔCt method) and the results are blindly compared with data obtained from histological diagnosis and clinical staging.

Results

Normalized levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA are higher in patients with cancer than controls (1.82±0.6 times and 2.7±0.6 times, respectively; P<0.05). Patients with metastatic disease also have increased MMP-9, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA levels (9.6±0.20 times, 5.22±0.26 times and 1,97±0.22 times, respectively; P<0.05). MMP-9 and MMP-2 are also associated with advanced clinical stage and grade (P<0.05). A ratio between variables that increases the ability to segregate patients with Ta, T1, T2-4M0 and T2-4M1 tumors is proposed.

Conclusions

Both non-invasive bladder tumor recognition and molecular staging of the disease is possible using real-time RT-PCR-based detection of gelatinases and TIMP-2 in peripheral blood. The ability to distinguish metastatic disease is higher for MMP-9 but MMP-2 discriminates better levels of tumor invasion. Further investigation in this field could yield promising results regarding molecular evaluation of bladder neoplasia.

Keywords:
Bladder neoplasia
Molecular staging
RT-PCR
MMP-2
MMP-9
TIMP-2
Resumen
Introducción

La estadificación molecular del cáncer vesical basada en la detección de ARNm de genes específicos de urotelio no ha sido concluyente. Analizamos si la evaluación de gelatinasas (MMP-9, MMP-2) y TIMP-2 en sangre periférica mediante RT-PCR a tiempo real permite diagnosticar y caracterizar pacientes con neoplasia vesical.

Material y método

Se ha extraído ARN total a partir de células sanguíneas circulantes en 42 individuos (11 controles sanos, 31 pacientes con cáncer vesical en diversos estadios) y se ha llevado a cabo RT-PCR a tiempo real empleando cebadores específicos para MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-2 y 18S ribosomal. Los valores de cuantificación del ARNm se describen como relativos a ARNm 18S (método ΔΔCt comparativo) y los resultados se comparan de forma ciega con los datos obtenidos mediante diagnóstico histológico y estadificación clínica.

Resultados

Los niveles normalizados de ARNm de MMP-9 y MMP-2 son más altos en pacientes con cáncer que en controles (1,82±0,6 veces y 2,7±0,6 veces, respectivamente; p<0,05). Los pacientes con enfermedad metastática también tienen niveles mayores de ARNm de MMP-9, MMP-2 y TIMP-2 (9,6±0,20 veces, 5,22±0,26 veces y 1,97±0,22 veces, respectivamente; p<0,05). MMP-9 y MMP-2 también se asocian con estadio clínico y grado avanzado (p<0,05). Se propone un índice entre variables que aumenta la habilidad para segregar pacientes con tumores Ta, T1, T2-4M0 y T2-4M1.

Conclusiones

La identificación de tumor vesical y la estadificación molecular de la enfermedad resulta posible mediante la detección de gelatinasas y TIMP-2 en sangre periférica empleando RT-PCR a tiempo real. La capacidad de distinguir enfermedad metastásica es mayor para MMP-9, pero MMP-2 discrimina mejor los niveles de invasión tumoral. La investigación futura en este campo podría aportar resultados prometedores en la evaluación molecular de la neoplasia vesical.

Palabras clave:
Neoplasia vesical
Estadificación molecular
RT-PCR
MMP-2
MMP-9
TIMP-2
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