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Vol. 54. Núm. 5.
Páginas 380-389 (enero 2002)
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Vol. 54. Núm. 5.
Páginas 380-389 (enero 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento ambulatorio de los pacientes con trombosis venosa de miembros inferiores. Práctica habitual en un hospital de referencia
Home treatment of patients with venous thrombosis in the lower limbs. usual practices in a reference hospital
Tratamento ambulatório dos pacientes com trombose venosa dos membros inferiores. prática habitual num hospital de referencia
Visitas
2293
M.A. Cairols
Autor para correspondencia
mcairols@csub.scs.es

correspondence: Servei d'Angiologia i Cirurgia Vascular i Endo-vascular. Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga, s/n. E-08907 L'Hospitalet de Ll., Barcelona.
, A. Romera, X. Martí, R. Vila, J. Paniagua
Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular. Ciudad Sanitaria y Universitaria de Bellvitge. L'Hospitalet de Ll., Barcelona, España.
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Información del artículo
Summary
Objective

To assess whether patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and without symptoms of pulmonary embolism (PE) can be treated at home with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), within a health district area. As secondary end point was to assess whether the thrombus location should be an issue to consider ambulatory treatment.

Patients and methods

This is an observational prospective study. Along the year 2000 we have been able to diagnose in our Emergency Department, 203 patients with a DVT. All of them were duly diagnosed with duplex (ATL-9 HDI). Only 16 patients were excluded because symptoms of PE and/or thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC). The hospital admission criteria were: 1. Patients thought to be at risk of a PE, 2. Leg pain and oedema, and 3. Patient's refusal to be treated at home. We finally included 187patients (104 men and 83 women, with a mean age of 65 years). Of them 103 (55%) were admitted to hospital for treatment (59 men and 44 women, mean age 63) and 84 (45%) were treated at home (45 men and 39 women, mean age 67 years). Both groups were compared for age, gender, location of thrombosis, and complications. All patients were followed-up at first week, 1 month and a minimum of 6 months.

Results

There were no differences between both groups (hospitalised and ambulatory) as far as gender (p=0.61), age (p=0.11), immediate complications (p=0.25) and the location of the clot (p=0.12). In the late follow-up all patients improved and only there was a case ofPE detected in an hospitalised patient. Conclusion. The ambulatory treatment with LMWH in patients with the acute phase of a DVT, with no symptoms ofPE or IVC thrombosis has proven as safe and efficacious as the hospital treatment. The location of the thrombus, exception made of the IVC, does not seem to be and important issue for recommending ambulatory LMWH therapy.

Key words:
Anticoagulation
Deep venous thrombosis
Eco-Doppler
Home treatment
Pulmonary embolism
Palabras clave:
Anticoagulación
Ecografía Doppler
Embolismo pulmonar
Tratamiento ambulatorio
Trombosis venosa profunda
Resumen
Objetivos

Comprobar la aplica-bilidad del tratamiento con heparina de bajo peso molecular (HBPM) en pacientes con trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) de las extremidades inferiores, sin signos de embolismo pulmonar (TEP), de forma ambulatoria en un ámbito asistencial hospitalario. Valorar si la localización de la TVP puede ser un elemento discriminatorio en la recomendación del régimen ambulatorio.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo de investigación cualitativa. Durante el año 2000, en el departamento de urgencias de nuestro hospital hemos diagnosticado 203pacientes con TVP. Todos los diagnósticos se efectuaron utilizando el dúplex (ecografía Doppler color). Sólo se excluyeron 16 enfermos por clínica compatible con TEP o por una afectación extensa de la vena cava inferior (VVI). Los criterios de hospitalización fueron: 1) Pacientes que presentaban ‘riesgo’ de TEP; 2) Pacientes con clínica de edema o dolor evidentes; y 3) Rechazo del enfermo al tratamiento ambulatorio (condicionantes personales o económicos). En 187pacientes (104 hombres, 83 mujeres; edad media: 65 años), 103 (55%) fueron ingresos hospitalarios (59 varones, 44 mujeres; edad media: 63 años) y 84 (45%) se trataron a domicilio (45 varones, 39 mujeres; EM67años). Se han comparado ambos grupos por edad, sexo, localización de la trombosis y complicaciones asociadas. Se ha realizado un control clínico de todos los pacientes a la semana, el mesy a los seis meses. Resultados. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos (hospitalizados y ambulatorios) en relación con el sexo (p=0,61), edad (p=0,11), complicaciones inmediatas (p=0,25) ni en la localización del trombo (p=0,12). En el seguimiento todos los enfermos mejoraron y sólo hubo un TEP, en un paciente ingresado. Conclusión. El tratamiento domiciliario con HBPM en enfermos con TVP, sin TEP, diagnosticada por ecografía Doppler se ha mostrado tan eficaz y seguro como el hospitalario. La localización de la TVP (a excepción de la cava) no parece ser un factor pronóstico para recomendar tratamiento hospitalario.

Resumo
Objectivos

Comprovaraaplicabi-lidade do tratamento com heparina de bai-xopeso molecular (HBPM), em doentes com trombose venosa profunda (TVP) das extremidades inferiores, sem sinais de embolia pulmonar (TEP), deforma ambulatórianum ámbito assistencial hospitalar. Avaliar se a localizacao da TVPpoderá ser um elemento discriminativo na recomendacao do regime ambulatório.

Doentes e métodos

Estudo prospectivo de investigacao qualitativa. Durante o ano de 2000, diagnosticámos nas urgencias do nosso hospital um total de 203 doentes com TVP. Todos os diagnósticos fo-ram efectuados utilizando o Duplex (eco-Doppler color). Foram apenas excluidos 16 doentes por clínica compatível com TEP ou por envolvimento extenso da veia cava inferior (VCI). Os criterios de hospitalizacao foram: 1) Doentes que apresentavam ‘risco’ de TEP; 2) Doentes com sintomatologia de edema e ou dor evidentes e 3) Resistencia do doente ao tratamento ambulatório (condicionantespessoais ou económicas). Em 187 doentes (104 homens e 83 mulheres; idade média de 65 anos), 103 (55%) foram internados (59 homens, 44 mulheres; idade média: 63 anos) e 84 (45%) tratados em ambu-latório (45 homens, 39 mulheres; idade média: 67anos). Os doisgrupos foram comparados com base na idade, sexo, localiza-cao da trombose e complicacoes associa-das. Realizou-se controlo clínico de todos os doentes aos 7dias, ao mes e aos seis meses.

Resultados

Nao houve diferencas estatisti-camente significativas entre os dois grupos (hospitalizados e ambulatórios) em relacao ao sexo, (p =0,61), idade (p =0.11), complicacoes imediatas (p =0,25) nem na localiza-cao do trombo (p =0,12). No seguimento todos os doentes melhoraram e houve apenas um TEP, num doente internado. Conclusao. O tratamento domiciliario com HBPM em doentes com TVP sem TEP, diagnosticado por eco-Doppler, demonstrou ser tao eficaz e seguro como no hospitalar. A localizacao da TVP (a excepcao da veia cava) nao parece ser um factor prognóstico para recomendar o tratamento hospitalar.

Palavras chave:
Anticoagulacao
Eco-Doppler
Embolismo pulmonar
Tratamento ambulatório
Trombose venosa profunda
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Copyright © 2002. SEACV
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