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Vol. 58. Núm. 6.
Páginas 431-436 (enero 2005)
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Vol. 58. Núm. 6.
Páginas 431-436 (enero 2005)
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento endovascular de la patología aórtica excepcional
Endovascular treatment of exceptional aortic pathologies
Visitas
2399
I. Sánchez, J.R. Escudero-Rodríguez
Autor para correspondencia
jescuderor@santpau.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Avda. Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167. E-08025 Barcelona. Fax: +34 935 565 607
, G.A. Orellana-Fernández, J.F. Dilmé-Muñoz, P. Surcel, M. Davins-Riu, J. Romero-Carro, M. Sirvent González
Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona, España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Realizar una revisión de la literatura referente al tratamiento de la ruptura de la aorta torácica de etiología no traumática y la valoración de los resultados del tratamiento endovascular.

Desarrollo

La ruptura de la aorta, independientemente de su localización, es una patología extremadamente grave. La ruptura aórtica se asocia con el hematoma mediastínico, el hemotóraxy la fístula aortobronquial o aortoesofágica. La cirugía abierta continúa teniendo una mortalidad significativamente elevada y posiblemente no asumible, por lo que la conducta actual, cuando las condiciones anatómicas lo permiten, suele ser decantarse por el tratamiento endovascular; sin embargo, el beneficio de el tratamiento endovascular urgente permanece incierto. Las endoprótesis aórticas se han usado para tratar los aneurismas de aorta torácica en pacientes de alto riesgo, incluidos aquellos que presentaban una fístula aortobronquial o aortoeso-fágica.

Conclusiones

Si no se trata, la ruptura de la aorta torácica es una situación mortal, los resultados de la cirugía abierta son desalentadores y la morbilidad de los supervivientes elevada. A pesar de que la terapia endovascular consigue una reducción significativa de la morbimortalidad, la información actual se basa en series cortas o casos aislados, por lo que es necesario completar los registros actuales para poder confirmar las expectativas generadas.

Palabras clave:
Aneurisma de aorta torácica
Endoprótesis
Fístula aortobronquial
Fístula aortoesofágica
Pseudo-aneurisma
Rotura aórtica
Summary
Aim

To review the literature concerning the treatment of rupture of the thoracic aorta due to non-traumatic causes and to evaluate the outcomes of endovascular treatment.

Development

Rupture of the aorta, regardless of where it happens, is an extremely severe condition. Aortic rupture is associated with mediastinal haematoma, haemothorax and aortobronchial or aortoesophageal fistula. Open surgery continues to have a significantly, and possibly unacceptably, high mortality rate and therefore the current behaviour (anatomical conditions allowing) is usually to opt for endovascular treatment. The benefits of urgent endovascular treatment, however, remain uncertain. Aortic stents have been used to treat thoracic aortic aneurysms in high risk patients, including those who have an aortobronchial or an aortoesophageal fistula.

Conclusions

If left untreated, rupture of the thoracic aorta is a fatal situation, outcomes of open surgery are disappointing and morbidity among survivors is high. Despite the fact that endovascular therapy achieves a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality rates, the information currently available is based on short series or isolated cases, and therefore present records must be completed in order to confirm the expectations that have been generated.

Key words:
Aortic rupture
Aortobronchial fistula
Aortoesophageal fistula
Pseudoaneurysm
Stent
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
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Copyright © 2006. SEACV
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