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Inicio Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Binocular vision in glaucoma
Journal Information
Vol. 88. Issue 5.
Pages 174-178 (May 2013)
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1598
Vol. 88. Issue 5.
Pages 174-178 (May 2013)
Original article
Binocular vision in glaucoma
La visión binocular en el glaucoma
Visits
1598
J.A. Reche-Sainza,
Corresponding author
jalbres@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, R. Gómez de Liañob, N. Toledano-Fernándeza, J. García-Sánchezb
a Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Statistics
Tables (5)
Table 1. Mean±standard deviation of demographic and evaluation variables.
Table 2. Mean±standard deviation of binocular vision variables.
Table 3. Mean±standard deviation of rupture points in divergence and convergence in near and far vision.
Table 4. Suppression percentages in near and far Worth tests.
Table 5. Frequency and percentages of stereopsis under or equal to 60″ and above 60″ for TNO test.
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Abstract
Objective

To describe the possible impairment of binocular vision in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 58 glaucoma patients, 76 ocular hypertensives and 82 normal subjects. They were examined with a battery of binocular tests consisting of the measurement of phoria angles, amplitudes of fusion (AF), near point of convergence (NPC) assessment, an evaluation of suppression (Worth test), stereoacuity according to Titmus, and TNO tests.

Results

The patients with glaucoma showed significantly increased phoria angles, especially in near vision, compared with the ocular hypertensives and controls (p=0.000). AF were reduced mainly in near distances compared to hypertensives and controls (p=0.000). The NPC of glaucoma was higher than the other two groups (p=0.000). No differences were found in the near-distance suppression test between the three groups (p=0.682), but there were differences in the distance vision of patients with glaucoma compared to hypertensives (OR=3.867, 95% CI; 1.260–11.862; p=0.008) and controls (OR=5.831, 95% CI; 2.229–15.252; p=0.000). The stereoacuity of patients with glaucoma was reduced in both tests (p=0.001).

Conclusions

POAG is mostly associated with, an increased exophoria in near vision, a decreased AF in near vision, a far-distance NPC, central suppression in far-vision, and a loss of stereoacuity. These changes do not seem to appear early as they were not observed in hypertensive patients versus controls.

Keywords:
Binocular vision
Glaucoma
Fusion
Convergence
Suppression
Stereopsis
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir posibles alteraciones de la visión binocular en sujetos afectados de glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto (GPAA).

Método

Estudio de diseño transversal. Se incluyó a 58 sujetos glaucomatosos, 76 hipertensos oculares y 82 controles. En estos pacientes se estudiaron los ángulos de foria, las amplitudes de fusión (AF) en visión lejana y cercana, el punto próximo de convergencia (PPC), la supresión cercana y lejana mediante el test de Worth y la estereoagudeza según los tests de Titmus y TNO.

Resultados

Los glaucomatosos presentaron un aumento significativo de los ángulos de foria sobre todo en visión cercana, frente a los hipertensos y controles (p=0,000). Las AF estaban reducidas, principalmente la cercana, con respecto a hipertensos y controles (p=0,000). El PPC de los glaucomatosos fue mayor que el de los otros dos grupos (p=0,000). No se hallaron diferencias en el test de la supresión cercana entre los tres grupos (p=0,682), pero sí en la lejana de los glaucomas con respecto de los hipertensos (OR=3867; IC del 95%, 1260–11,862; p=0,008) y a los controles (OR=5831; IC del 95%, 2229–15,252; p=0,000). La estereoagudeza de los glaucomatosos se encontraba reducida en ambos tests (p=0,001).

Conclusiones

El GPAA se asocia principalmente a un aumento de la exoforia cercana, a una disminución de la AF en la visión cercana, a un alejamiento del PPC, a la aparición de supresión central en visión lejana y a una pérdida de estereoagudeza. Estas alteraciones no parecen ser precoces, ya que no se observaron en los hipertensos frente a los controles.

Palabras clave:
Visión binocular
Glaucoma
Fusión
Convergencia
Supresión
Estereopsis

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