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Síntomas psicosomáticos como expresión del deterioro de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adolescentes
Psychosomatic symptoms as an expression of the deterioration of the health-related quality of life in adolescents
Rosa M. Fuentes Chacóna,
Autor para correspondencia
rosa.fuentes@uclm.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, M. José Simón Saiza, Margarita Garrido Abejara, M. Dolores Serrano Parraa, M. Elisa Larrañaga Rubiob, Santiago Yubero Jiménezb
a Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, España
b Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y Humanidades de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos son frecuentes en la poblaci&#243;n general y en particular entre los adolescentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; Los estudios en esta poblaci&#243;n indican que entre el 5 y el 30&#37; los presentan con una frecuencia semanal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; A pesar de que se utiliza a menudo&#44; el t&#233;rmino s&#237;ntoma psicosom&#225;tico es un concepto ambiguo y controvertido&#46; Conviene diferenciarlo de aquellas situaciones producidas por una causa org&#225;nica&#44; consumo de t&#243;xicos o trastorno psiqui&#225;trico&#44; aunque a veces puede ser dif&#237;cil descartar estas causas y establecer un adecuado diagn&#243;stico diferencial&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos son problemas sin causa org&#225;nica aparente pero que tienen un profundo efecto sobre la salud y el funcionamiento de los individuos y su origen suele estar en conflictos psicol&#243;gicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Desde esta perspectiva los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos pueden ser considerados como manifestaciones de malestar emocional<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> y estr&#233;s psicol&#243;gico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; y pueden interferir en la percepci&#243;n de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud &#40;CVRS&#41;&#46; La incorporaci&#243;n del KIDSCREEN como instrumento espec&#237;fico para medir la percepci&#243;n de la CVRS en ni&#241;os y adolescentes ha permitido el desarrollo de numerosos estudios de investigaci&#243;n en poblaci&#243;n enferma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> y sana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Al ser un instrumento multidimensional explora m&#250;ltiples facetas importantes en esta edad&#46; Se ha reportado que la percepci&#243;n de la CVRS est&#225; sufriendo un deterioro en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> que afecta en mayor medida a las chicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; al grupo de adolescentes de mayor edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> y a las dimensiones relacionadas con la salud mental<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Probablemente los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos puedan ser la expresi&#243;n m&#225;s visible del deterioro de la salud mental de los adolescentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#44; al interferir en su vida cotidiana les impide funcionar con normalidad y a menudo&#44; son motivo de numerosas consultas en atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Sin embargo&#44; son escasos los estudios que relacionan los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos con la CVRS en adolescentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; En nuestro trabajo los s&#237;ntomas que revisamos est&#225;n incluidos en la escala Psychosomatic problems &#40;PSP&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> realizada a partir del estudio Health Behaviour in School Aged Children &#40;HBSC&#41; de la OMS y son&#58; tristeza&#44; ansiedad&#44; dolor de cabeza&#44; mareo&#44; dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&#44; falta de apetito&#44; dolor de est&#243;mago y dificultad para dormir&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con estos antecedentes&#44; nos propusimos analizar&#44; en una poblaci&#243;n de adolescentes sanos escolarizados en Institutos de Educaci&#243;n Secundaria &#40;IES&#41;&#44; la relaci&#243;n entre s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos y la CVRS diferenciando por sexo y grupo de edad&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio observacional&#44; descriptivo&#44; transversal y multic&#233;ntrico en cinco IES de Cuenca &#40;Espa&#241;a&#41; en el curso acad&#233;mico 2015-2016&#46; Fueron incluidos adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre 15 y 18 a&#241;os que cursaban 3&#46;&#176; y 4&#46;&#176; de Educaci&#243;n Secundaria Obligatoria &#40;ESO&#41; y 1&#46;&#176; y 2&#46;&#176; de Bachillerato&#46; En cada nivel acad&#233;mico se seleccionaron aleatoriamente los grupos a los que se les administr&#243; el cuestionario&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participaron en el estudio aquellos adolescentes que entregaron el Consentimiento Informado otorgado por los padres en el caso de adolescentes menores o firmado por ellos mismos en el caso de mayores de edad&#46; El criterio de exclusi&#243;n fue tener diagnosticada una enfermedad mental o f&#237;sica&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El protocolo de estudio fue aprobado por la Consejer&#237;a de Educaci&#243;n&#44; Cultura y Deportes de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha y por las respectivas direcciones de los IES participantes&#46; Despu&#233;s de obtener esta aprobaci&#243;n se envi&#243; una carta a los padres explicando los objetivos del estudio y solicitando su colaboraci&#243;n para que permitieran la participaci&#243;n de sus hijos&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Instrumentos</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se utiliz&#243; un cuestionario auto-administrado&#44; que incluy&#243; datos sociodemogr&#225;ficos&#58; edad&#44; sexo y curso&#44; y las siguientes escalas&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PSP</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46; Este instrumento incluye 8 problemas comunes&#58; dificultad para concentrarse&#44; dificultad para dormir&#44; dolor de cabeza&#44; dolor de est&#243;mago&#44; sensaci&#243;n de tensi&#243;n&#44; poco apetito por las comidas&#44; sentirse triste y sentirse mareado&#46; Los 8 &#237;tems del cuestionario se eval&#250;an mediante una escala tipo Likert de 5 alternativas &#40;nunca&#44; pocas veces&#44; a veces&#44; a menudo y siempre&#41;&#44; a menor puntuaci&#243;n menos presencia de s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">KIDSCREEN-52</span>&#44; esta escala valora la CVRS de ni&#241;os y adolescentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; y ha sido desarrollada para ser autoadministrada tanto en individuos sanos como con problemas cr&#243;nicos de salud en edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 18 a&#241;os&#46; Mide 10 dimensiones de la CVRS&#58; bienestar f&#237;sico&#44; bienestar psicol&#243;gico&#44; estado de &#225;nimo&#44; autopercepci&#243;n&#44; autonom&#237;a&#44; relaci&#243;n con los padres y vida familiar&#44; amigos y apoyo social&#44; entorno escolar&#44; aceptaci&#243;n social <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;bullying&#41;</span> y recursos econ&#243;micos&#46; Utiliza una escala tipo Likert de 5 opciones que eval&#250;an&#44; bien la frecuencia &#40;nunca&#44; casi nunca&#44; algunas veces&#44; casi siempre y siempre&#41; o la intensidad &#40;nunca&#44; un poco&#44; moderadamente&#44; mucho y much&#237;simo&#41;&#46; Las puntuaciones se calculan para cada dimensi&#243;n&#44; de acuerdo con los m&#233;todos descritos por los autores de la escala original mediante el uso del an&#225;lisis de Rash&#44; as&#237; las puntuaciones de KIDSCREEN-52 se han estandarizado a una media de 50 y una desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar de 10<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a>&#46; Las puntuaciones m&#225;s altas indican una mejor CVRS&#46; La versi&#243;n en espa&#241;ol del KIDSCREEN-52 ha demostrado tener niveles aceptables de fiabilidad y validez<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46; Este instrumento permite calcular una medida global de CVRS denominada KIDSCREEN-10&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">An&#225;lisis de datos</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis y el procesamiento de los datos se hizo con IBM SPSS<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Statistics versi&#243;n 22&#46; Para investigar las diferencias entre sexos y grupos de edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;18</span></a>&#44; con respecto a la presencia de s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos se utilizaron pruebas de la t de Student&#46; Igualmente usamos la prueba t de Student para testar la relaci&#243;n por sexo y grupo de edad con cada una de las 10 dimensiones de KIDSCREEN-52 y la medida global o valor &#250;nico de la CVRS obtenida del KIDSCREEN-10&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aplicamos la prueba de correlaci&#243;n de Pearson para testar la asociaci&#243;n entre las puntuaciones de s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos y las dimensiones del KIDSCREEN-52 la medida global de KIDSCREEN-10&#46; Finalmente&#44; con el prop&#243;sito de establecer cu&#225;l es el papel de los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos como predictores de peor CVRS se realizaron diferentes modelos de regresi&#243;n lineal m&#250;ltiple por pasos&#44; diferenciados por sexo y grupo de edad&#44; utilizando como covariable cada una de los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos y como variable dependiente la medida global del KIDSCREEN-10&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participaron en el estudio 844 adolescentes cuya edad media era de 16&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;0 a&#241;os&#44; de ellos un 55&#44;7&#37; eran chicas&#46; El 65&#44;8&#37; cursaban 3&#46;&#176; o 4&#46;&#176; de la ESO y el 34&#44;2&#37;&#44; 1&#46;&#176; o 2&#46;&#176; de bachillerato&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respecto a los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos&#44; como muestra la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#44; las chicas mostraron cifras significativamente mayores que los chicos&#46; Los s&#237;ntomas que se presentaron con mayor asiduidad en ambos sexos fueron&#58; &#171;dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&#187;&#44; &#171;sentirse tenso&#187; y &#171;sentirse triste&#187;&#46; El grupo de mayor de edad present&#243; puntuaciones significativamente m&#225;s altas en todos los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos&#44; excepto en &#171;tener poco apetito&#187;&#46; En todos los grupos &#40;sexo y edad&#41; el s&#237;ntoma psicosom&#225;tico que mayor puntuaci&#243;n presenta es &#171;dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&#187; alcanzando valores en un rango entre 1&#44;7 y 2&#44;0 de media&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> se muestran los resultados de cada una de las dimensiones de la escala KIDSCREEN-52 y KIDSCREEN-10 diferenciados por sexo y edad&#46; En todas las dimensiones las chicas punt&#250;an menos que los chicos&#44; encontrando diferencias significativas en las dimensiones de bienestar f&#237;sico&#44; bienestar psicol&#243;gico&#44; estado de &#225;nimo&#44; autopercepci&#243;n&#44; autonom&#237;a&#44; relaci&#243;n familiar y recursos econ&#243;micos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los an&#225;lisis realizados por grupos de edad mostraron que el grupo de menor edad &#40;15-16 a&#241;os&#41; present&#243; puntuaciones m&#225;s altas en todas las dimensiones&#44; encontrando significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica en bienestar f&#237;sico&#44; bienestar psicol&#243;gico&#44; estado de &#225;nimo y recursos econ&#243;micos&#46; En el total de la muestra y en los an&#225;lisis diferenciados por grupos de sexo y edad&#44; la dimensi&#243;n de estado de &#225;nimo es la que presenta las puntuaciones m&#225;s bajas&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las pruebas de correlaci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41; mostraron que todos los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos se asociaron significativamente con el KIDSCREEN-10 y que las diferentes dimensiones del KIDSCREEN-52 tambi&#233;n mostraron asociaci&#243;n significativa&#44; excepto &#171;poco apetito&#187; con recursos econ&#243;micos y amigos y apoyo social&#46; La fuerza de la asociaci&#243;n m&#225;s intensa fue con el s&#237;ntoma psicosom&#225;tico &#171;sentirse triste&#187;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para estimar la influencia de cada uno de los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos sobre la variable dependiente CVRS global &#40;KIDSCREEN-10&#41; se llevaron a cabo varios modelos de regresi&#243;n lineal &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;&#46; En todos los modelos&#44; tanto el de la muestra total como en los diferenciados para chicos&#44; chicas&#44; grupo edad de 15-16 a&#241;os y grupo de edad de 17-18 a&#241;os&#44; entraron en la ecuaci&#243;n &#171;sentirse triste&#187;&#44; &#171;dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&#187; y &#171;dificultad para dormir&#187;&#46; &#171;Sentirse mareado&#187; tambi&#233;n entr&#243; en todos los modelos excepto en el de los chicos&#44; &#171;sentirse tenso&#187; solo entr&#243; en el modelo para las chicas y los de menor edad&#44; mientras que tener &#171;poco apetito&#187; solo entr&#243; en el modelo de los chicos&#46; Los modelos explicaron entre el 39 y 41&#37; de la varianza&#44; excepto el de los chicos que explic&#243; solo el 30&#37;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabajo confirma que los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos &#40;s&#237;ntomas sin causa m&#233;dica&#41; son formas cl&#237;nicas de expresi&#243;n de problemas emocionales que afectan negativamente a todas las dimensiones de la CVRS y se hacen especialmente visibles en el estado de &#225;nimo y el estr&#233;s&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coincidimos con otros autores al se&#241;alar que los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos son m&#225;s frecuentes en las chicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> y en los adolescentes de m&#225;s edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; Los resultados muestran que&#44; la dificultad de concentraci&#243;n y sentirse tenso son los s&#237;ntomas m&#225;s usuales en ambos sexos y grupos de edad&#46; Esta sintomatolog&#237;a&#44; podr&#237;a deberse al estr&#233;s en el entorno escolar que aumenta conforme aumentan las exigencias acad&#233;micas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; El estr&#233;s asociado al rendimiento acad&#233;mico se produce cuando los requerimientos de una situaci&#243;n excede de los recursos y capacidades del adolescente&#46; Si este desfase es muy acusado aparece distr&#233;s&#44; con pensamientos y emociones negativas y una disminuci&#243;n en sus resultados acad&#233;micos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46; En esta l&#237;nea los investigadores apuntan a que el distr&#233;s prolongado puede ser un facilitador de s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prestar atenci&#243;n a estos s&#237;ntomas es importante&#44; ya que no solo pueden afectar a actividades propias del entorno escolar &#40;asistencia a clase&#44; motivaci&#243;n hacia el aprendizaje&#44; calificaciones&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; sino que tambi&#233;n influyen negativamente en la percepci&#243;n de salud f&#237;sica&#44; psicol&#243;gica&#44; satisfacci&#243;n consigo mismo&#44; ajuste y sensaci&#243;n de logro<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46; As&#237; lo hemos constatado en nuestros resultados en los que se observa c&#243;mo estos afectan negativamente a todas las dimensiones de la CVRS&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tal y como se esperaba encontramos una peor percepci&#243;n de la CVRS en las chicas y en los adolescentes de mayor edad y estos hallazgos son congruentes con lo ya informado en diferentes estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Las chicas perciben peor CVRS tanto en aspectos f&#237;sicos como emocionales&#46; Este hecho ha sido explicado por diferentes razonamientos&#44; por un lado&#44; en ellas los cambios f&#237;sicos son m&#225;s dr&#225;sticos y la menstruaci&#243;n y las fluctuaciones hormonales propician peor bienestar f&#237;sico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Por otro lado&#44; las chicas son m&#225;s reflexivas y conscientes de s&#237; mismas y culturalmente es m&#225;s aceptable que verbalicen m&#225;s sus problemas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#44; presentan m&#225;s s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos&#44; m&#225;s estr&#233;s e inseguridad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En relaci&#243;n al papel de los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos para explicar la CVRS encontramos en todos los modelos de regresi&#243;n lineal realizados&#44; que los s&#237;ntomas que predicen peor CVRS son sentirse triste&#44; dificultad de concentraci&#243;n y dificultad para dormir&#46; Nuestros hallazgos coinciden con los resultados del estudio sobre salud psicosom&#225;tica y CVRS realizado en adolescentes suecos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; La presencia de sentimientos de tristeza est&#225; en consonancia con las evidencias sobre el hecho de que la dimensi&#243;n que se ve m&#225;s deteriorada de la CVRS en adolescentes es el estado de &#225;nimo y estr&#233;s&#46; Estudios recientes apuntan como factores influyentes del deterioro de la CVRS&#58; la peor situaci&#243;n econ&#243;mica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a>&#44; el aumento de separaci&#243;n de los padres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> y los problemas relacionados con la violencia y la aceptaci&#243;n social en el entorno escolar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como se ha se&#241;alado las dificultades para dormir de los adolescentes afectan negativamente a la conducta&#44; a las relaciones sociales y a la CVRS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> a la vez que retroalimentan los problemas de concentraci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a>&#46; Pueden ser fuente de complicaciones en la edad adulta&#44; se asocian con m&#225;s problemas f&#237;sicos y psiqui&#225;tricos y la correlaci&#243;n es m&#225;s intensa con el aumento de la edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; En este sentido&#44; promover unos h&#225;bitos adecuados de sue&#241;o no solo mejorar&#237;a la CVRS de los adolescentes&#44; sino que tambi&#233;n tendr&#237;a repercusi&#243;n sobre la salud en la vida adulta&#46; La sociedad actual favorece una peor calidad y cantidad de sue&#241;o&#44; propiciada&#44; en gran parte&#44; por el uso masivo de dispositivos electr&#243;nicos desde edades muy tempranas que hacen&#44; que el adolescente est&#233; permanentemente alerta&#44; incluso durante las horas que deber&#237;a dedicar al sue&#241;o y al descanso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a las limitaciones del estudio conviene se&#241;alar que fuimos conscientes de que la cercan&#237;a de periodos de evaluaci&#243;n podr&#237;a influir sobre los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos&#46; Por ello indicamos a los responsables de los IES que programaran la administraci&#243;n del cuestionario en periodos alejados de estas fechas&#46; Sin embargo en los IES hay m&#250;ltiples actividades objeto de evaluaci&#243;n continuada que no pudimos controlar&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; la CVRS de los adolescentes parece que est&#225; sufriendo un deterioro m&#225;s evidente en las chicas y en el grupo de mayor edad&#44; y especialmente en lo que se refiere a estado emocional y estr&#233;s&#46; Los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos son&#44; en muchas ocasiones&#44; expresiones que favorecen la visibilidad del malestar emocional y las primeras se&#241;ales de alerta de deterioro de la CVRS que pueden detectar los profesionales de la salud en las consultas de atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Una historia cl&#237;nica minuciosa con valoraci&#243;n integral del funcionamiento del adolescente considerando su entorno familiar y escolar podr&#237;a ser esencial para identificar estos s&#237;ntomas&#46; No considerar la posibilidad de que un s&#237;ntoma pueda ser de origen psicosom&#225;tico puede dar lugar a un alto coste personal y sanitario por uso innecesario de f&#225;rmacos y pruebas diagn&#243;sticas&#46; Aunque no tengan una base org&#225;nica&#44; es importante no pasarlos por alto&#44; ya que tienen un claro impacto en su CVRS y rendimiento&#46; Identificarlos permitir&#237;a proponer intervenciones en las que ser&#237;a esencial la colaboraci&#243;n de todos los sectores implicados &#40;sanitario&#44; educativo y familiar&#41; para dar una respuesta integral e integrada&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar&#44; en una poblaci&#243;n de adolescentes escolarizados&#44; la relaci&#243;n entre s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud &#40;CVRS&#41; diferenciando por sexo y grupo de edad&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Emplazamiento</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cinco Institutos de Educaci&#243;n Secundaria&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Participantes</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ochocientos cuarenta y cuatro adolescentes de entre 15 y 18 a&#241;os que cursaban 3&#46;&#176; y 4&#46;&#176; de Educaci&#243;n Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Mediciones principales</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CVRS mediante KIDSCREEN-52 y s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos con la escala de problemas psicosom&#225;ticos &#40;PSP&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Resultados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las chicas y los adolescentes de 17-18 a&#241;os presentaron s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos significativamente m&#225;s altos&#44; ambos grupos tambi&#233;n puntuaron peor en todas las dimensiones de CVRS aunque solo alcanzaron significaci&#243;n las dimensiones relacionadas con bienestar f&#237;sico&#44; bienestar mental y estado de &#225;nimo y estr&#233;s&#46; Todos los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos se asociaron de forma inversa con las 10 dimensiones del KIDSCREEN-52&#46; Los modelos de regresi&#243;n realizados mostraron que tristeza&#44; dificultad de concentraci&#243;n y dificultad para dormir fueron los predictores de peor CVRS en ambos sexos y grupos de edad&#44; y estas variables explicaron entre un 30 y un 41&#37; de la varianza de la CVRS de los adolescentes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos son m&#225;s frecuentes en las chicas y en los adolescentes mayores&#44; y predictores de peor CVRS&#46; Es importante diferenciarlos de afecciones m&#233;dicas para evitar intervenciones innecesarias&#46; Como expresiones de malestar emocional deben ser evaluados y tratados de forma integral porque interfieren en la vida cotidiana y aumentan la vulnerabilidad propia de la adolescencia&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:7 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Emplazamiento"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Participantes"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Mediciones principales"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Aim</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze&#44; in a population of adolescents in school&#44; the relationship between psychosomatic symptoms and the perception of health-related quality of life &#40;HRQoL&#41;&#44; differentiating by gender and age group&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Design</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Transversal study&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Location</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Five Secondary Schools&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Participants</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Eight hundred and forty four adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 in secondary school&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Main measurements</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HRQoL using KIDSCREEN-52 and psychosomatic symptoms with the psychosomatic problems scale &#40;PSP&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Girls and adolescents aged 17-18 years presented significantly higher psychosomatic symptoms&#44; both groups also scored worse in all dimensions of HRQoL&#44; although only the dimensions related to physical and mental wellness&#44; mood and stress reached significance&#46; All psychosomatic symptoms were inversely associated with the ten dimensions of KIDSCREEN-52&#46; The regression models showed that sadness&#44; concentrating difficulties and sleeping difficulties were the predictors of worse HRQoL in both sexes and age groups and these variables explained between 30 and 41&#37; of the HRQoL variance of the adolescents&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Psychosomatic symptoms are frequent especially in girls and in older adolescents and predictors of worse HRQoL&#46; It is important to distinguish them from medical conditions to avoid unnecessary interventions&#46; As expressions of emotional discomfort they must be evaluated and treated in an integral way because they interfere with daily life and increase the vulnerability proper of adolescence&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:7 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Aim"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Design"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Location"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0055"
            "titulo" => "Participants"
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          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0060"
            "titulo" => "Main measurements"
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          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0065"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0070"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DT&#58; desviaci&#243;n t&#237;pica&#46;</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prueba de la t de Student&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><br>Media DT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Chicos<br>Media DT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse mareado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;072&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;191&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;035&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>08&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Amigos y apoyo social&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;391&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;372&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;718&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;571&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aceptaci&#243;n social <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;bullying&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;857&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;452&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">KIDSCREEN-10 Index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;008&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CVRS&#58; calidad de vida relacionada con la salud&#59; P1&#58; dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&#59; P2&#58; dificultad para dormir&#59; P3&#58; dolor de cabeza&#59; P4&#58; dolor de est&#243;mago&#59; P5&#58; sentirse tenso&#59; P6&#58; poco apetito&#59; P7&#58; sentirse triste&#59; P8&#58; sentirse mareado&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bienestar f&#237;sico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;385<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;217<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;190<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;176<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;253<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;233<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;232<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;327<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;253<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Bienestar psicol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;471<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;274<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;296<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;184<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;173<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;314<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;197<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;550<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;277<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Estado de &#225;nimo y estr&#233;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;590<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;378<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;341<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;293<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;273<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;408<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;221<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;602<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;337<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autopercepci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;434<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;243<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;259<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;188<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;225<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;284<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;267<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;407<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;223<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autonom&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;359<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;196<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;222<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;188<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;159<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;291<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;157<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;324<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;188<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Relaci&#243;n con los padres y familia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;348<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;257<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;263<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;166<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;138<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;186<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;098<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;362<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;209<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Recursos econ&#243;micos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;216<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;208<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;104<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;112<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;122<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;106<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;052&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;234<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;111<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Amigos y apoyo social&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;226<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;111<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;194<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;087<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;056&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;203<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;043&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;252<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;130<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Entorno escolar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;337<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;386<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;203<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;160<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;173<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;151<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;113<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;267<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;195<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;278<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;207<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;121<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;153<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;125<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;195<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;103<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;303<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;137<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;405<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;343<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pasos de regresi&#243;n lineal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#946;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Modelo 1&#44; n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">844</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse triste&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;2&#44;817&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;217&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;401&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;224&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;221&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad para dormir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse mareado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;255&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Modelo 2&#44; chicos n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">374</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse triste&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;2&#44;610&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;345&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;359&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#44;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;317&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad para dormir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#44;020&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;303&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Poco apetito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;773&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;362&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;096&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;033&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Modelo 3&#44; chicas n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">470</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse triste&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;2&#44;546&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;291&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;369&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;2&#44;091&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;314&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;261&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad para dormir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;656&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;266&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;096&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse mareado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;760&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;303&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;097&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse tenso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;559&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;268&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;083&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;038&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Modelo 4&#44; edad 15-16 a&#241;os&#44; n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">474</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse triste&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;2&#44;518&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;304&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;350&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#44;670&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;305&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse tenso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;888&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;294&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad para dormir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;673&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;279&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;095&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse mareado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;783&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;347&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;089&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;024&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Modelo 5&#44; edad 17-18 a&#241;os&#44; n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">370</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse triste&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;2&#44;788&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;333&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;396&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#44;644&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;336&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;215&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dificultad para dormir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;993&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;289&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;151&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sentirse mareado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;868&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;383&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;024&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Lo conocido sobre el tema</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La CVRS de los adolescentes se ha deteriorado&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La CVRS es peor en las chicas y en los adolescentes de mayor edad&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos son expresi&#243;n de malestar emocional&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Qu&#233; aporta este estudio</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ser chica aumenta las posibilidades de presentar m&#225;s s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos y peor CVRS&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos m&#225;s frecuentes son dificultad de concentraci&#243;n&#44; sentirse tenso y sentirse triste&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los s&#237;ntomas psicosom&#225;ticos y la CVRS tienen una asociaci&#243;n inversa y la dimensi&#243;n m&#225;s afectada es el estado de &#225;nimo y el estr&#233;s&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span></span>"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 02126567
Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1016/j.aprim.2017.06.009
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