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Aspectos quirúrgicos de los bocios multinodulares. A propósito de una serie de 680 casos
Surgical management of multinodular goiter: A report of 680 cases
J. Deus Fombellida*,1, I. Gil Romea**, C. García Algara**, M.A. Sancho***, M.A. Sancho***, M.A. Alonso Gotor***, M.J. Moreno Mirallas****, M. Palacios Lázaro****
* Jefe de Sección de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Profesor titular de Cirugía.
** Especialista en Cirugía General. Médico adjunto. Servicio de Urgencias.
*** Especialista en Endocrinología. Servicio de Endocrinología.
**** Médicos y Colaboradores. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza.
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los autores llevan a cabo un an&#225;lisis retrospectivo de los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento quir&#250;rgico de 650 bocios multinodulares&#58; el 77&#37; &#40;522&#41; eutiroideos y 23&#37; t&#243;xicos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizan las indicaciones quir&#250;rgicas&#44; el tipo de operaci&#243;n realizada&#44; las complicaciones y el seguimiento postoperatorio &#40;8 a&#241;os de media&#41;&#44; controlado en el 70&#37; de los casos de la serie mediante la valoraci&#243;n morfol&#243;gica y funcional del remanente&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad fue del 0&#44;8&#37; y la morbilidad global del 18&#37;&#46; La afectaci&#243;n del recurrente se produjo en el 3&#44;8&#37; de los casos y un hipoparatiroidismo transitorio en el 9&#44;4&#37;&#44; sin que existieran diferencias entre bocios normofuncionales y t&#243;xicos&#46; Se establece una relaci&#243;n entre edad y tipo de operaci&#243;n realizada&#44; observ&#225;ndose que la extensi&#243;n de la ex&#233;resis es m&#225;s amplia cuanto mayor es la edad y el grado de hiperfunci&#243;n&#46; Por otra parte&#44; la correlaci&#243;n entre complicaciones y tipo de operaci&#243;n demuestra que el hipoparatiroidismo es m&#225;s frecuente despu&#233;s de una tiroidectom&#237;a subtotal &#40;9&#44;6&#37;&#41; que de una tiroidectom&#237;a total &#40;5&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; as&#237; como la afectaci&#243;n del recurrente &#40;el 3&#44;9&#37; despu&#233;s de una tiroidectom&#237;a subtotal y el 2&#44;6&#37; despu&#233;s de una total&#41;&#46; En el seguimiento postoperatorio&#44; en ausencia de recidivas&#44; se present&#243; un hipotiroidismo en el 32&#44;5&#37; de los casos en que se realiz&#243; alg&#250;n tipo de ex&#233;resis bilateral&#44; sin diferencias seg&#250;n el tipo de bocio ni la ex&#233;resis realizada&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En la cirug&#237;a del bocio multinodular no es obvio que la morbilidad postoperatoria sea m&#225;s grave en los hiperfuncionales que en los eutiroideos&#44; pese a que los pacientes suelen tener m&#225;s edad&#44; una situaci&#243;n cardiorrespiratoria m&#225;s inestable y son sometidos a una cirug&#237;a mas agresiva&#46; La frecuencia del hipotiroidismo postoperatorio es elevada e impone&#44; en el seguimiento de los pacientes&#44; un control cl&#237;nico y de la funci&#243;n glandular dado que con facilidad pasa inadvertida&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The authors carry out a retrospective analysis of the results obtained in the surgical treatment of 680 cases of multinodular goiter&#58; 77&#37; &#40;n &#61; 522&#41; euthyroid and 23&#37; toxic&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and method</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The surgical indications&#44; type of operation performed&#44; complications and postoperative follow-up are analyzed&#46; The mean follow-up is 8 years and 70&#37; of the patients in the series were monitored by morphological and functional assessment of the remnant&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mortality rate was 0&#46;8&#37; and overall morbidity was 18&#37;&#46; Involvement of the recurrent nerve was observed in 3&#46;8&#37; of cases and transient hypoparathyroidism in 9&#46;4&#37;&#44; there being no differences between normally functioning and toxic goiters&#46; When the relationship between age and type of operation was established&#44; it was observed that the extension of the excision is greater in elderly patients and in those with a higher degree of hyperfunction&#46; On the other hand&#44; the correlation between complications and type of operation showed that hypoparathyroidism developed more frequently after subtotal thyroidectomy &#40;9&#46;6&#37;&#41; than after total thyroidectomy &#40;5&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; as was the case with recurrent nerve involvement &#40;3&#46;9&#37; versus 2&#46;6&#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; In the postoperative follow-up&#44; during which there have been no recurrences&#44; hypothyroidism has been detected in 32&#46;5&#37; of those patients who underwent some type of bilateral excision&#44; there being no differences in terms of the type of goiter or the type of excision performed&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Consequently&#44; in the surgical treatment of multinodular goiter&#44; there is no evidence that the postoperative morbidity is more severe in cases of hyperfunction than in euthyroid goiter&#44; despite the fact that the patients are usually older&#44; with a less stable cardiorespiratory status&#44; and are subjected to more aggressive surgery&#46; The rate of postoperative hypothyroidism is elevated&#44; making follow-up&#44; with monitoring of clinical parameters and thyroid function indispensable since it easily goes undetected&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 0009739X
Idioma original: Español
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