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Inicio Cirugía Española Factores asociados a complicaciones, reingresos y otros episodios adversos en ci...
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Vol. 69. Núm. 6.
Páginas 560-569 (junio 2001)
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Vol. 69. Núm. 6.
Páginas 560-569 (junio 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Factores asociados a complicaciones, reingresos y otros episodios adversos en cirugía biliar
Factors associated with complications, readmissions and other adverse outcomes in biliary surgery
Visitas
5055
J. Aguiló Lucia
,1
Autor para correspondencia
aguilo_jav@gva.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Aguiló Lucía. Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Lluís Alcanyís. Ctra. de Xàtiva-Silla, km 2. 46800 Xàtiva. Valencia. Correo electrónico:
, S. Peiró Moreno**, V. Viciano Pascual*, J.A. Torró Richart*, M. García Botella*, M. Garay Burdeos*, J. Medrano González*, R. Ferri Espí*, C. Muñoz Alonso*, A. Ramos Pérez**
* Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Lluís Alcanyís. Xàtiva. Valencia
** Escuela Valenciana de Estudios para la Salud (EVES). Valencia
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivos

Describir los episodios adversos (complicaciones postoperatorias, mortalidad, reintervenciones y reingresos) tras la cirugía biliar y analizar las asociaciones entre estos resultados y determinadas características del paciente y del ingreso hospitalario.

Material y métodos

Cohorte de 692 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía biliar –no oncológica– entre 1992 y 1996 en un hospital comarcal, en la que se registraron prospectivamente las complicaciones postoperatorias, las reintervenciones y otros resultados de interés, y se identificaron retrospectivamente los reingresos en el período de estudio. Además del análisis descriptivo y bivariante, se utilizó la regresión logística para valorar las asociaciones entre complicaciones y características de los pacientes, y un modelo de regresión de riesgos proporcionales respecto al riesgo de reingreso.

Resultados

El 19,5% de los pacientes desarrolló alguna complicación posquirúrgica (herida: 6,9%; intraabdominales: 3,6%; insuficiencias orgánicas: 3,0%), un 0,7% fueron reintervenidos en el ingreso, un 1,4% requirieron ingreso en cuidados intensivos y el 0,6% fallecieron intrahospitalariamente. El 4,2% de los pacientes reingresaron en el servicio de cirugía, en el año siguiente a la intervención, por un problema relacionado con la cirugía previa, y un 1,7% por coledocolitiasis residual (en todo el período de seguimiento). Las complicaciones posquirúrgicas se asociaron al sexo masculino (OR: 1,69; p < 0,05), al ingreso urgente (OR: 2,09; p < 0,05), a la cirugía urgente (OR: 6,59; p < 0,05), a los procedimientos de colecistectomía abierta simple (OR: 2,56; p < 0,05) y cirugía de la vía biliar principal (OR: 3,53; p < 0,05) respecto a la colecistectomía laparoscópica. Los casos complicados duplicaron en cuanto a la estancia media a los no complicados. El reingreso relacionado con el episodio previo tan sólo se asoció con la presencia de complicaciones durante el ingreso (OR: 3,44; p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

Las tasas de acontecimientos adversos en la serie analizada, similares a otras series publicadas, señalan la importancia de las complicaciones en esta enfermedad y su impacto sobre la estancia media y los reingresos. Aunque la mayor parte de los factores de riesgo identificados quedan fuera del control del cirujano, configuran un subgrupo de pacientes de alto riesgo en los que debería incrementarse la vigilancia.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía biliar
Complicaciones
Reingresos
Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe adverse outcomes (postoperative complications, mortality, reoperation and readmission) after biliary surgery and to analyze the association between these outcomes and characteristics of the patient and hospital admission.

Material and methods

We studied a cohort of 692 patients who underwent non-oncological biliary surgery between 1992 and 1996 in a community hospital. We prospectively studied postoperative complications, reoperations and other results of interest and retrospectively identified readmissions during the same period. In addition to the descriptive and bivariant analysis, logistic regression was also used to evaluate the relationship between patient characteristics and complications and a proportional odds regression model was used to analyze risk for readmission.

Results

A total of 19.5% of patients developed postsurgical complications (wound: 6.9%; intraabdominal: 3.6%; organ insufficiency: 3.0%); 0.7% underwent reoperation during admission, 1.4% were admitted to the intensive care unit and 0.6% died in hospital. Within 1 year, 4.2% required readmission to the surgery department for complications due to the original operation and 1.7% required readmission for residual choledocholithiasis at some time during the follow-up period. Postoperative complications were associated with males (OR = 1.69; p < 0.05), urgent admission (OR = 2.09; p < 0.05), emergency surgery (OR = 6.59; p < 0.05) and to simple open cholecystectomy (OR = 2.56; p < 0.05) and surgery of the main biliary tract (OR = 3.53; p < 0.05) compared with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The mean hospital stay of complicated cases was double that of uncomplicated cases. Readmission associated with the previous event was associated only with the presence of complications during admission (OR = 3.44; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The rate of adverse outcomes in the series analyzed, which was similar to other published series, highlights the importance of complications in biliary surgery and their effect on mean hospital stay and readmission. Although most of the risk factors identified were beyond the surgeon’s control, a subgroup of patients at high risk should undergo closer surveillance.

Key words:
Biliary surgery
Complications
Readmissions
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Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación financiado con la ayuda FIS 98/0916 del Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria.

Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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