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Inicio Cirugía Española Tratamiento adyuvante y resultados
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Vol. 73. Núm. 1.
Páginas 38-45 (enero 2003)
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Vol. 73. Núm. 1.
Páginas 38-45 (enero 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento adyuvante y resultados
Adjuvant treatment and results
Visitas
7576
Cristina Grávalos Castroa,1
Autor para correspondencia
cgravalos@terra.es

Correspondencia: Dra. C. Grávalos Castro. Micenas, 126. 28230 Las Rozas. Madrid. España.
, M.a Ángeles Pérez Escutiabb
a Servicios de Oncología Médica
b Oncología Radioterápica. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

Aproximadamente el 50% de los pacientes tratados con cirugía con intención curativa fallecerán por recurrencia del cáncer colorrectal. La quimioterapia (QT) adyuvante aumenta la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia global en el estadio III del cáncer de colon, y es controvertida en el estadio II, salvo en pacientes de alto riesgo. Actualmente el 5- fluorouracilo (5-FU) y leucovorín (LV), administrado por vía intravenosa durante 6 meses, se considera el régimen más adecuado. No existe ninguna opción terapéutica estándar tras la resección de metástasis, pero en la práctica clínica diaria se suele emplear 5- FU/LV durante 6 meses. En metástasis hepáticas irresecables de inicio, la QT neoadyuvante logra una reducción del tamaño del tumor y permite resecciones completas en casos seleccionados. Los pacientes ancianos con buen estado general pueden beneficiarse de la QT igual que los más jóvenes. En estadios II y III de cáncer de recto, la administración postoperatoria de radioterapia pélvica y quimioterapia basada en 5-FU disminuye la recidiva local y aumenta la supervivencia. La eficacia de nuevos citostáticos, como las fluoropirimidinas orales (UFT, capecitabina), raltitrexed, irinotecán y oxaliplatino, se está estudiando en ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. La identificación de nuevos factores pronósticos permitirá seleccionar a subgrupos de mayor riesgo que puedan necesitar terapias más agresivas.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de colon
Cáncer de recto
Quimioterapia
Inmunoterapia
Radioterapia
Adyuvante
Neoadyuvante
Estudios aleatorizados
Ancianos

Despite curative surgery, approximately 50% of patients with colorectal cancer will die due to disease relapse. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve disease free survival and overall survival in patients with stage III colon cancer, and remains controversial in stage II, except for patients with high-risk characteristics. 5Fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) given intravenuously for 6 months is the reference regimen. There is no a standard therapy after metastases resection, but 5-FU/LV for 6 months is often offered in the clinical practice. In selected cases of non-resectable metastases, the tumor size may be reduced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and a complete resection perfomed. Selected elderly patiens colon cancer can receive the same benefit as their younger counterparts. Combined-modality therapy (fluorouracil- based chemotherapy plus concurrent pelvic radiation) decreases local recurrence and improves overall survival in stage II and stage III rectal cancer. New drugs, such as oral fluoropyrimidines (UFT, capecitabine), raltitrexed, irinotecan and oxaliplatin, are being tested in randomized clinical trials. Identification of new pronostic factors will contribute to select subgroups of patients with higher risk of recurrence who would benefit with more aggressive treatment.

Key words:
Colon cancer
Rectal cancer
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Radiotherapy
Adjuvant
Neoadjuvant
Randomized trials
Elderly
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
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