covid
Buscar en
Cuadernos de Economía
Toda la web
Inicio Cuadernos de Economía Crecimiento y productividad de las ramas de servicios El papel de las TIC
Información de la revista
Vol. 33. Núm. 93.
Páginas 99-132 (octubre - diciembre 2010)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 33. Núm. 93.
Páginas 99-132 (octubre - diciembre 2010)
Acceso a texto completo
Crecimiento y productividad de las ramas de servicios El papel de las TIC
Visitas
2896
Andrés Maroto Sáncheza
a Profesor Ayudante Doctor de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid e Investigador del Instituto de Análisis Económico y Social (IAES). C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 5; 28049 Cantoblanco (Madrid). Tfo: 914972955. Fax: 914976930.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

Este trabajo analiza empíricamente la contribución de las TIC al crecimiento de la productividad desde 1980 hasta la actualidad para un conjunto de países de la OCDE. La fuente estadística escogida son las series recientemente publicadas en la base EUKLEMS, debido a su amplia desagregación sectorial, lo que favorece el análisis aplicado del sector servicios y sus principales ramas de actividad.

Tras una revisión bibliográfica de las relaciones existentes entre crecimiento, productividad y capital tecnológico; se cuantifica el comportamiento de la productividad analizando con especial atención el papel desempeñado por las TIC y su contribución al crecimiento económico. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis econométrico de las relaciones anteriormente descritas. El principal valor añadido de este trabajo con respecto a la amplia literatura existente es que estas técnicas se aplican al caso del sector servicios, comparándolo con las manufacturas, y, especialmente, desagregando las diferencias intrasectoriales que caracterizan un sector tan heterogéneo como el terciario.

El conjunto de evidencias tiende a refutar la tesis tradicional sobre la baja contribución de los servicios al crecimiento agregado de la productividad. El sector en conjunto presenta crecimientos de la productividad modestos, en relación con otros sectores económicos. Pero este resultado se matiza o limita cuando el análisis se hace de forma desagregada.

Palabras clave:
TIC
Productividad
Contabilidad del crecimiento
Sector servicios
Abstract

This paper empirically analyzes the contribution of ICT to productivity growth since 1980 onwards of a sample of OECD countries. The series have been obtained from the EU KLEMS database, with a deep industrial disaggregation which it is an advantage to analyze the service sector and its main activity branches.

After a survey of the literature on the relationships among economic growth, productivity and technological capital, using a growth accounting framework, they are assessed the productivity patterns, focusing on the role of ICT capital and its contribution to economic growth. Finally, an econometric model is implemented to test those relationships. The value added of this paper is that this methodology is applied to the service sector, comparing to the patters observed in manufacturing industries, and, principally, disaggregating the intra-industrial differences which characterize the tertiary sector.

Results partially refute the traditional hypothesis of a low productivity in services. The sector as a whole present lower productivity growth rates than other main economic sectors, such as manufacturing. However, when disaggregating our analysis some tertiary industries show dynamic behaviours.

Keywords:
ICT
Productivity
Growth accounting
Service sector
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Referencias bibliográficas
[Abramovitz, 1956]
M. Abramovitz.
Resource and Output Trends in the United States since 1870.
American Economic Review, (1956), pp. 5-23
[Ahmad et al., 2003]
Ahmad, N., Lequiller, F., Marianna, P., Pilat, D., Schreyer, P. y Wölfl, A. (2003): “Comparing labour productivity growth in the OECD area. The role of measurement”, STI Working Paper Series, 14, OCDE, París
[Armstrong et al., 2002]
Armstrong, P., Harchaoui, T.M., Jackson, C. y Tarkhani, F. (2002): “A Comparison of Canada-US Economic Growth in the Information Age: The Importance of Investment in Information and Communication Technologies”, StatisTIC Canada Working Paper 1F0027MIE, 001, Ontario
[Arrow, 1962]
K. Arrow.
The Economic Implications of Learning-By-Doing.
Review of Economic Studies, 29 (1962), pp. 155-173
[Attewell, 1994]
P. Attewell.
Information, Technology and the Productivity Paradox.
Organizational Linkages: Understanding the productivity paradox,
[Baily and Lawrence, 2001]
M. Baily, R. Lawrence.
Do we have a New E-conomy.
American Economic Review, 91 (2001), pp. 308-312
[Baumol, 1967]
W. Baumol.
Macroeconomics of unbalanced growth: The anatomy of urban crisis.
American Economic Review, 57 (1967), pp. 416-426
[Berndt and Morrison, 1992]
Berndt, E. y Morrison, C. (1992): “High Tech Capital, Economic Performance and Labor Composition in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: an Exploratory Analysis”, NBER Working Paper 4010
[Billón et al., 2007]
M. Billón, F. Lera, S. Ortiz.
Evidencia del impacto de las TIC en la productividad de la empresa. ¿Fin de la paradoja de la productividad?.
Cuadernos de Economía, 30 (2007), pp. 5-36
[Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1997]
BLS, Bureau of Labor Statistics (1997). BLS Handbook of methods, US Department of Labor Statistics, Washington DC: US Government Printing Office
[Bosworth and Triplett, 2007]
B. Bosworth, J. Triplett.
The early 21st century US productivity expansion is still in services.
International Productivity Monitor, 14 (2007), pp. 3-19
[Brynjolfsson, 1993]
E. Brynjolfsson.
The Productivity Paradox of Information Technology: Review and Assessment.
Communications of the ACM, (1993),
[Brynjolfsson and Hitt, 1996]
E. Brynjolfsson, L. Hitt.
Paradox lost? Firm-level Evidence on the Returns to Information Systems.
Management Science, 42 (1996), pp. 541-558
[Brynjolfsson, 1998]
Brynjolfsson (1998): “Information technology and organizational design: Evidence from microdata”, Stanford and Wharton Working Paper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston
[Caselli, 1999]
F. Caselli.
Technological Revolutions.
American Economic Review, 89 (1999), pp. 80-102
[Cette et al., 1980]
G. Cette, J. Mairesse, Y. Kocoglu.
Croissance économique et diffusion des TIC: le cas de la France sur longue période (1980–2000).
Revue française d’économie, 16 (2002), pp. 155-192
[Colecchia and Schreyer, 2001]
Colecchia, A. y Schreyer, P. (2001): “ICT Investment and Economic Growth in the 1990s: Is the United States a Unique Case?”, OECD STI Working Paper, 2001/7, OCDE, Paris
[Crespi et al., 2006]
G. Crespi, C. Criscuole, J. Haskel, D. Hawkes.
Measuring and Understanding Productivity in UK Market Services.
Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22 (2006), pp. 186-202
[Cuadrado, 2004]
J.R. Cuadrado.
Tres preguntas en torno a los servicios: crecimiento, empleo y productividad.
Papeles de Economía Española, 100 (2004), pp. 211-237
[Council of Economic Advisers, 2000]
CEA Council of Economic Advisers.
Economic Report of the President & Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers.
US Government Printing Office, (2000),
[Council of Economic Advisers, 2001]
CEA Council of Economic Advisers.
Economic Report of the President & Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers.
US Government Printing Office, (2001),
[Crafts, 2002]
Crafts, N (2002): “The Solow Productivity Paradox in Historical Perspective”, CEPR Discussion Paper, 3142, London School of Economics, Londres
[Crafts et al., 2001]
N. Crafts, M. O’Mahony.
A Perspective on UK Productivity Performance.
Fiscal Studies, 22 (2001), pp. 271-306
[David, 1990]
P. David.
The Dynamo and the Computer: An Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox.
American Economic Review, 80 (1990), pp. 355-361
[David, 1991]
P. David.
Computer and Dynamo: The Modern Productivity Paradox in a Not-too- Distant Mirror.
OECD, (1991),
[David, 2000]
P. David.
Understanding Digital Technology's Evolution and the Path of Measured Productivity Growth: Present and Future in the Mirror of the Past.
Understanding the Digital Economy,
[De Masi, 2000]
De Masi, P (2000): “Does the Pickup in Productivity Growth Mean That There is a ‘New Economy’?”, United States of America – Selected Issues, IMF Staff Country Report No. 00/112, Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
[Diewert and Fox, 1999]
E. Diewert, K. Fox.
Can measurement error explain the productivity paradox?.
Canadian Journal of Economics, 32 (1999), pp. 251-280
[Dosi et al., 1990]
G. Dosi, K. Pavitt, L. Soete.
The Economics of Technological Change and International Trade.
Wheatsheaf, (1990),
[Elderidge, 1999]
L. Elderidge.
How price indexes affect BLS productivity measures.
Monthly Labor Review, 122 (1999), pp. 35-46
[EPKE, 2002]
EPKE (2002): ‘Evaluating the impact of new economy on economic performance. A review’, mimeo, EPKE Research Group, Amsterdam
[Fourastie, 1949]
J. Fourastie.
Le grand espoir du XXe siecle.
Presses Universitaires de France, (1949),
[Freeman, 1987]
C. Freeman.
Information Technology and Change in Technoeconomic Paradigm.
Technical Change and Full Employment,
[Freeman and Soete, 1997]
C. Freeman, L. Soete.
The Economics of Industrial Innovation.
Pinter, (1997),
[Gadrey and Gallouj, 2002]
Productivity innovation and knowledge in services,
[Gallouj, 2002a]
F. Gallouj.
Innovation in services and the attendant old and new myths.
Journal of Socioeconomics, 31 (2002), pp. 137-154
[Gallouj, 2002b]
F. Gallouj.
Innovation in the Service Economy.
Edward Elgar, (2002),
[Gómez et al., 2006]
N. Gómez, L.A. López, M.A. Tobarra.
Difusión y absorción de las TIC en la economía española.
Economía Industrial, 360 (2006), pp. 117-130
[Gordon, 2000]
R. Gordon.
Does the ‘New Economy’ Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past?..
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14 (2000), pp. 49-74
[Gordon, 2001]
Gordon, R (2001) ‘Technology and Economic Performance in the American Economy’, Department of Economics, Northwestern University, mimeo.
[Griliches, 1973]
Z. Griliches.
Research Expenditures and Growth Accounting.
Science and Technology in the Economic Growth,
[Griliches, 1979]
Z. Griliches.
Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth.
Bell Journal of Economics, 10 (1979), pp. 91-116
[Griliches, 1992]
Z. Griliches.
Output measurement in the service sector.
University of Chicago Press for NBER, (1992),
[Griliches, 1994]
Z. Griliches.
Productivity R&D and the data constraint.
American Economic Review, 84 (1994), pp. 1-23
[Griliches, 1995a]
Griliches, Z. (1995a): “The Discovery of the Residual: An Historical Note”, NBER Working Paper, 5348.
[Griliches, 1995b]
Z. Griliches.
R&D Productivity: Econometric Results, Measurement Issues.
Handbook of the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change,
[Hernando and Nuñez, 2002]
I. Hernando, S. Nuñez.
The contribution of ICT to economic activity: A growth accounting exercise with Spanish firm-level data.
Investigaciones Económicas, 28 (2002), pp. 315-348
[Hernansanz et al., 2001]
C. Hernansanz, A. Melguizo, M. Sebastián.
Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en España.
Información Comercial Española, 793 (2001), pp. 25-38
[Inklaar et al., 2005]
R. Inklaar, M. O’Mahony, M. Timmer.
ICT and Europe's productivity performance industry-level growth account comparisons with the United States.
Groningen Growth and Development Centre, (2005),
[Jorgenson, 2001]
D.W. Jorgenson.
Information Technology and the US Economy”.
American Economic Review, 91 (2001), pp. 1-32
[Gollop and Fraumeni, 1987]
F.M. Gollop, B. Fraumeni.
Productivity and US Economic Growth.
Harvard University Press, (1987),
[Jorgenson et al., 2005]
D. Jorgenson, H. Mun, K. Stiroh.
Information technology and the American growth resurgence.
MIT, (2005),
[Jorgenson and Stiroh, 1995]
D.W. Jorgenson, K. Stiroh.
Computers and Growth.
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 3 (1995), pp. 295-316
[Jorgenson and Stiroh, 2000]
D.W. Jorgenson, K. Stiroh.
Raising the Speed Limit: U.S. Economic Growth in the Information Age.
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1 (2000), pp. 125-211
[Lebow and Rudd, 2003]
D. Lebow, J. Rudd.
Measurement error in the consumer price index. Where do we stand?.
Journal of Economic Literature, 41 (2003), pp. 159-201
[Loveman, 1988]
Loveman, G. (1988): “An Assessment of the Productivity Impact of Information Technologies”, Sloan School of Management, MIT, Working Paper 90S-88-054.
[Lucas, 1988]
R.E. Lucas.
On the Mechanics of Economic Development.
Journal of Monetary Economics, 22 (1988), pp. 3-42
[McLachlan et al., 2002]
R. McLachlan, C. Clark, I. Monday.
Australia's service sector: A study in diversity.
Productivity Commission Staff Research Paper, AusInfo, (2002),
[Maroto, 2009a]
A. Maroto.
La productividad en el sector servicios de la economía española.
Colección Economía y Empresa, Marcial Pons, (2009),
[Maroto, 2009b]
A. Maroto.
Nuevas evidencias sobre la productividad de los servicios en la economía española.
Papeles de Economía Española, 120 (2009), pp. 44-68
[Maroto, 2010a]
Maroto, A. (2010a): “Productivity in service industries: Conventional and current explanations”, The Service Industries Journal (en publicación)
[Maroto, 2010b]
A. Maroto.
Productivity in European private and public services: A growth accounting exercise.
Journal of Service Science, 2 (2010), pp. 25-53
[Maroto and Cuadrado, 2006]
A. Maroto, J.R. Cuadrado.
La productividad de la economía española.
Instituto de Estudios Económicos, (2006),
[Maroto and Cuadrado, 2008]
A. Maroto, J.R. Cuadrado.
Evolución de la productividad en España. Un análisis sectorial 1980–2006.
EconomíaIndustrial, 367 (2008), pp. 1-21
[Maroto and Cuadrado, 2009]
A. Maroto, J.R. Cuadrado.
Is growth of services an obstacle to productivity growth? A comparative analysis.
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 20 (2009), pp. 254-265
[Maroto and Rubalcaba, 2008]
A. Maroto, L. Rubalcaba.
Services productivity revisited.
The Services Industries Journal, 28 (2008), pp. 1-17
[Mas and Quesada, 2005]
M. Mas, J. Quesada.
Las nuevas tecnologías y el crecimiento económico en España.
Fundación BBVA, (2005),
[Mas and Quesada, 2006]
M. Mas, J. Quesada.
The role of ICT in the Spanish productivity slowdown.
Fundación BBVA, (2006),
[Mas and Robledo, 2010]
M. Mas, J.C. Robledo.
Productividad: Una perspectiva internacional y sectorial.
Fundación BBVA, (2010),
[Mason et al., 2000]
G. Mason, K. Wagner, D. Finegold, B. Keltner.
The ‘IT Productivity Paradox’ Revisited: International Comparisons of Information Technology, Work Organisation and Productivity in Service Industries.
Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtshaftsforschung, 69 (2000), pp. 618-629
[McKinsey Global Institute, 2001]
McKinsey Global Institute.
U.S. Productivity Growth, 1995–2000.
McKinsey Global Institute, (2001),
[Nelson and Winter, 1982]
R. Nelson, S. Winter.
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.
Harvard University Press, (1982),
[Núñez, 2001]
S. Núñez.
Las nuevas tecnologías y su contribución al crecimiento económico español.
Economía Industrial, 340 (2001), pp. 61-72
[OCDE, 2001a]
OCDE.
Innovation and productivity in services.
OCDE, (2001),
[OCDE, 2001b]
OCDE.
Measuring productivity – OECD Manual, Measurement of aggregate and industry-level productivity growth.
OCDE, (2001),
[OCDE, 2005]
OCDE.
Growth in services. Fostering employment, productivity and innovation.
OCDE, (2005),
[Oliner and Sichel, 1994]
S. Oliner, D. Sichel.
Computers and Output Growth Revisited: How Big is the Puzzle?.
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2 (1994), pp. 273-317
[Oliner and Sichel, 2000]
S. Oliner, D. Sichel.
The Resurgence of Growth in the Late 1990s: Is Information Technology the Story?.
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14 (2000), pp. 3-22
[Oliner and Sichel, 2002]
S. Oliner, D. Sichel.
‘Information Technology and Productivity: Where are we Now and Where are we Going?, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve.
Finance and Economics Discussion Paper, (2002), pp. 2002-2029
[O’Mahony and De Boer, 2002]
M. O’Mahony, W. De Boer.
Britain's Relative Productivity Performance, Updates and Extensions.
National Institute of Economic and Social Research, (2002),
[O’Mahony and Vecchi, 2002]
M. O’Mahony, M. Vecchi.
Knowledge Based Capital and Economic Performance.
National Institute of Economic and Social Research, (2002),
[O’Mahony and Van Ark, 2003]
M. O’Mahony, B. van Ark.
EU productivity and competitiveness. An industry perspective. Can Europe resume the catching-up process?.
Enterprise Publications, Comisión Europea, (2003),
[Oulton, 2001]
N. Oulton.
Must the growth rate decline?. Baumol's unbalanced growth revisited.
Oxford Economic Papers, 53 (2001), pp. 605-627
[Pavitt, 1984]
K. Pavitt.
Sectorial patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory.
Research Policy, 13 (1984), pp. 343-373
[Petit and Soete, 2001]
P. Petit, L. Soete.
Technology and the Future of European Employment.
Edward Elgar, (2001),
[Perez, 1983]
C. Perez.
Structural Change and the Assimilation of New Technologies in the Economic and Social System.
Futures, 15 (1983), pp. 357-375
[Perez, 1985]
C. Perez.
Microeletronics, Long Waves and World Structural System: New Perspectives for Developing Countries.
World Development, 13 (1985), pp. 441-463
[Pérez et al., 2006]
F. Pérez, J. Maudos, J.M. Pastor, L. Serrano.
Productividad e internacionalización: el crecimiento español ante los nuevos cambios estructurales.
Fundación BBVA, (2006),
[Pilat, 2001]
Pilat, D. (2001): “Productivity growth in ICT-producing and ICT-using industries: A source of growth differentials in the OECD?”, OECD STI Working Paper, 2001/04, OCDE, París
[Pilat, 2004]
D. Pilat.
The ICT productivity paradox. Insights from microeconomic data.
OECD, (2004),
[Roach, 1991]
S. Roach.
Services Under Siege - The Restructuring Imperative.
Harvard Business Review, (1991), pp. 82-92
[Romer, 1990]
P. Romer.
Endogenous Technological Change.
Journal of Political Economy, 98 (1990), pp. S71-S102
[Rubalcaba, 2007]
L. Rubalcaba.
The new service economy.
Edward Elgar, (2007),
[Schreyer, 1998]
Schreyer, P. (1998): ‘Information and Communication Technology and the measurement of real output, final demand and productivity’, STI Working Papers 1998/2, Paris: OCDE.
[Schreyer, 2000]
Schreyer, P. (2000): ‘The Contribution of Information and Communication Technology to Output Growth: A Study of the G7 Countries’, OECD STI Working Paper, 2000/2, París: OCDE
[Segarra, 2010]
A. Segarra.
Innovation and productivity in manufacturing and service firms in Catalonia: A regional approach.
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 19 (2010), pp. 233-258
[Siegel, 1994]
D. Siegel.
Errors in Output Deflators Revisited. Unit Values and the Producer Price Index.
Economic Inquiry, 32 (1994), pp. 11-32
[Siegel, 1997]
D. Siegel.
The Impact of Computers on Manufacturing Productivity Growth: A Multiple-Indicators, Multiple-Causes Approach.
Review of Economics and StatisTIC, (1997), pp. 68-78
[Silverberg and Verspagen, 1994]
G. Silverberg, B. Verspagen.
Learning, Innovation and Economic Growth: A Long-run Model of Industrial Dynamics.
Industrial and Corporate Change, 3 (1994), pp. 199-223
[Soete and Turner, 1984]
L. Soete, R. Turner.
Technology Diffusion and the Rate of Technical Change.
Economic Journal, 94 (1984), pp. 612-623
[Solow, 1957]
R. Solow.
Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function.
Review of Economics and StatisTIC, 38 (1957), pp. 312-320
[Stiroh, 1999]
K. Stiroh.
Is there a New Economy?.
Challenge, 42 (1999), pp. 82-101
[Stiroh, 2001]
K. Stiroh.
Investing in Information Technology: Productivity Payoffs for U.S. Industries.
Current Issues in Economics and Finance, 7 (2001), pp. 6
[Stiroh, 2002]
K. Stiroh.
Are ICT Spillovers Driving the New Economy?.
The Review of Income and Wealth, 48 (2002), pp. 33-57
[Strassman, 1985]
P. Strassman.
Information Payoff.
Free Press, (1985),
[Triplett, 1999]
J. Triplett.
The Solow Productivity Paradox: What do Computers do to Productivity?..
Canadian Journal of Economics, 32 (1999), pp. 309-334
[Triplett and Bosworth, 2004]
J. Triplett, B. Bosworth.
Productivity in the U.S. Services Sector: New Sources of Economic Growth.
Brookings Institute, (2004),
[Timmer et al., 2008]
Timmer, M., O’Mahony, M. y van Ark, B. (2008) ‘EU KLEMS growth and productivity accounts. Overview November 2008 release’, mimeo, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Groningen
[Triplett and Bosworth, 2003]
J. Triplett, B. Bosworth.
Productivity measurement issues in service industries: Baumol's disease has been cured.
Economic Policy Review, (2003),
[Triplett and Bosworth, 2005]
J. Triplett, B. Bosworth.
Productivity in the U.S. service sector. New sources of economic growth.
Brookings Institution Press, (2005),
[Uppenberg and Strauss, 2010]
K. Uppenberg, H. Strauss.
Innovation and productivity in the EU services sector.
European Investment Bank, (2010),
[Uzawa, 1965]
H. Uzawa.
Optimal technical change in an aggregative model of economic growth.
International Economic Review, 6 (1965), pp. 18-31
[Van Ark, 1996]
B. Van Ark.
Issues in productivity measurement: statistical problems and policy links.
OCDE, (1996),
[Van Ark, 2001]
Van Ark, B. (2001): ‘The Renewal of the Old Economy: An International Comparative Perspective’, OECD STI Working Paper, 2001/5, OCDE, París
[Van Ark et al., 1999]
B. Van Ark, L. Broersma, G. de Jong.
Innovation in Services. Overview of Data Sources and Analytical Structures.
Research Memorandum GD-44, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, University of Groningen, (1999),
[Van Ark and Inklaar, 2007]
B. Van Ark, R. Inklaar.
Catching up or getting stuck? Europe's trouble to exploit ICT's productivity potential.
Groningen Growth and Development Centre, (2007),
[Van Ark et al., 2002]
B. Van Ark, R. Inklaar, R. McGuckin.
Changing gear. Productivity, ICT and service industries: Europe and United States.
Groningen Growth and Development Centre, (2002),
[Van Ark et al., 2003]
B. Van Ark, R. Inklaar.
ICT, productivity in Europe, the United States. Where do the differences come from?.
Groningen Growth and Development Centre, University of Groningen, (2003),
[Vijselaar and Albers, 2002]
Vijselaar F. y Albers R. (2002): ‘New Technologies and Productivity Growth in the Euro Area’, Working Paper Series, 122, European Central Bank, Frankfurt.
[Whelan, 2000]
K. Whelan.
Computers, Obsolescence and Productivity.
Federal Reserve Board Finance and Economics Discussion Paper Series, (2000), pp. 2000-2006
[Wiel and van der, 2001]
Wiel, H.P. van der (2001): “Does ICT boost Dutch productivity growth?”, CPB Documents, 16, CPB Netherlands
[Wolff, 1999]
E. Wolff.
The productivity paradox: evidence from indirect indicators of service sector productivity growth.
Canadian Journal of Economics, 32 (1999), pp. 281-308
[Wölfl, 2003]
Wölfl, A. (2003), Productivity growth in service industries. An assessment of recent patterns and the role of measurement. STI Working Paper, 2003–7, Paris: OECD.
Copyright © 2010. Asociación Cuadernos de Economía
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo