A causa de la creciente competitividad a la que se enfrentan las universidades, éstas se ven obligadas usar la comunicación comercial en sus estrategias. Sin embargo, la literatura presenta vacíos conceptuales y empíricos que impiden su uso efectivo. Usando ecuaciones estructurales en una muestra de alumnos de una universidad pública, nuestra investigación trata de llenar esos vacíos. Después de una revisión bibliográfica se han desarrollado escalas con buenas propiedades psicométricas para evaluar un modelo que permite responder las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuál es el proceso decisional que siguen los alumnos?, ¿Este proceso puede ser influido por las variables de comunicación comercial?, y ¿Cuál es la mejor forma de usar estas variables para conseguir los objetivos institucionales? Así, nuestra investigación contribuye a expandir la aplicabilidad de la comunicación comercial en un contexto no lucrativo y presenta líneas futuras de investigación en el tema.
Información de la revista
Vol. 31. Núm. 86.
Páginas 83-116 (mayo - agosto 2008)
Vol. 31. Núm. 86.
Páginas 83-116 (mayo - agosto 2008)
Acceso a texto completo
La influencia de la comunicación comercial en el proceso decisional jerárquico: una evaluación empírica en el contexto educativo
Visitas
2976
Gema Martínez Navarro
Esic Business & Marketing School, Calle Madrid, 126, 28903 Getafe (MADRID)
Jaime Rivera-Camino
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Dpto. Economía de Empresa, Calle Madrid, 126, 28903 Getafe (MADRID)
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Palabras clave:
comunicación comercial
proceso decisión compra
contexto universitario no lucrativo
competitividad empresarial
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Referencias bibliográficas
[Ablett and Slengesol, 2000]
Ablett, J. y Slengesol, I.A. (2000) «Education in Crisis: The Impact and Lessons of the East Asian Financial Shock» 1997–99». Published by UNESCO.
[Abraham and Lodish, 1987]
M. Abraham, L. Lodish.
Promoter: An Automated Promotion Evaluation System.
Marketing Science, 6 (1987), pp. 101-123
[Abraham and Lodish, 1990]
M. Abraham, L. Lodish.
Getting the most out of advertising and promotion.
Harvard Business Review, 68 (1990), pp. 50-63
[Anderson and Gerbin, 1988]
J. Anderson, D. Gerbin.
Structural Equation Modelling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach.
Psychological Bulletin, 103 (1988), pp. 411-423
[Anderson, 1981]
N. Anderson.
Foundation of information integration theory.
Academic Press, (1981),
[Arens, 1999]
W. Arens.
Publicidad, 7 edición,
[Aylesworth and Mackenzie, 1998]
A. Aylesworth, S. Mackenzie.
Context is key: the effect of programme-induced mood on thoughts about the ad.
Journal of Advertising, 27 (1998), pp. 17-31
[Balasubramanian, 1994]
S. Balasubramanian.
Beyond Advertising And Publicity: Hybrid Messages And Public Issues.
Journal of Advertising, 23 (1994), pp. 29-46
[Barry, 1987]
T. Barry.
The Development of the Hierarchy of Effects: An Historical Perspective.
Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 10 (1987), pp. 251-295
[Barry, 2002]
T. Barry.
In Defense of the Hierarchy of Effects: ARejoinder to Weilbacher.
Journal of Advertising Research, (2002), pp. 44-47
[Barry and Howard, 1990]
T. Barry, D. Howard.
A Review and Critique of the Hierarchy of Effects.
International Journal of Advertising, 9 (1990), pp. 121-135
[Batta and Ray, 1986]
R. Batta, M.L. Ray.
Affective Responses Mediating Acceptance of Advertising.
Journal of Consumer Research, 13 (1986), pp. 236-249
[Batra et al., 1996]
R. Batra, J. Myers, D. Aaker.
Advertising Management Prentice-Hall, 5th edition,
[Belch and Belsch, 2004]
G. Belch, M. Belsch.
Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective, 5th edition,
[Benkahla, 2006]
Benkahla, S. (2006) «A study of the history and use of integrated marketing communications within publications from 1991–2005», Thesis of Master of Science in Journalism. http://kitkat.wvu.edu:8080/files/4577/Benkahla_Shawn_ thesis.pdf.
[Bennett and Kottasz, 2006]
R. Bennett, R. Kottasz.
Promotional message strategies for disability charities’ employment services.
International Journal of Nonprofit y Voluntary Sector Marketing, 6 (2006), pp. 21-32
[Blythe, 2000]
J. Blythe.
Marketing Communications.
Ed. Prentice Hall, (2000),
[Boffo, 2004]
S. Boffo.
Universities and Marketing Mass Communication in Italy.
Higher Education Policy, 17 (2004), pp. 371-381
[Bollen, 1989]
K. Bollen.
Structural equations with latent variables.
John Wiley and Sons, (1989),
[Bollen, 1992]
K. Bollen, J. LONG.
Test of structural equation models: Introduction.
Sociological Methods and Research, 21 (1992), pp. 123-131
[Bovee et al., 1995]
C. Bovee, J. Thill, G. Dovel, M. Wood.
Advertising Excellence.
McGraw Hill, (1995),
[Bruner and Kumar, 2000]
G. Bruner II, A. Kumar.
Web Commercials and Advertising Hierarchy of Effects.
Journal of Advertising Research, 40 (2000), pp. 35-44
[Cameron, 1994]
G. Cameron.
Does Publicity Outperform Advertising: An Experimental Test of the Third-Party Endorsement.
Journal of Public Relations Research, 6 (1994), pp. 185-207
[Chandon et al., 2000]
P. Chandon, B. Wansink, G. Laurent.
A benefit congruency framework of sales promotion effectiveness.
Journal of Marketing, 64 (2000), pp. 65-81
[Chang and Thorson, 2004]
Y. Chang, E. Thorson.
Television and Web Advertising Synergies.
Journal of Advertising, 33 (2004), pp. 75-84
[Chen, 1998]
S. Chen.
The Effects of Framing Price Promotion Messages on Consumers Perceptions y Purchase Intentions.
Journal of Retailing, 74 (1998), pp. 353-372
[Cheney and Christensen, 2001]
G. Cheney, L. Christensen.
Public relations as contested terrain: A critical response.
Handbook of Public Relations Thousand Oaks, pp. 167-182
[Cheung and Rensvold, 2002]
G. Cheung, R. Rensvold.
Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance.
Structural Equation Modeling, 9 (2002), pp. 233-255
[Christopher and Mcdonald, 1995]
M. Christopher, M. McDonald.
Marketing: An introductory text.
Mac Millan Press Ltd, (1995),
[Clark, 1998]
B. Clark.
Creating entrepreneurial universities organizational pathways of transformation.
IAU Press, (1998),
[Clow, 2002]
K. Clow.
Integrated Advertising, Promotion & Marketing Communication.
Prentice Hall, (2002),
[Clow and Baak, 2002]
K. Clow, D. Baak.
Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communications.
Prentice Hall, (2002),
[Cornelissen and Lock, 2000]
J. Cornelissen, A. Lock.
Theoretical Concept or Management Fad? Examining the Significance of IMC.
Journal of Advertising Research, 40 (2000), pp. 7-15
[Cutlip et al., 2000]
S. Cutlip, A. Center, G. Broom.
Effective Public Relations, 8th edition,
[Dillard and Peck, 2000]
J. Dillard, E. Peck.
Affect and Persuasion: Emotional Responses to Public Service Announcements.
Communication Research, 27 (2000), pp. 38-68
[Donnelly-Cox and O’Regan, 1999]
G. Donnelly-Cox, A. O’Regan.
Resourcing Organisational Growth y Development.
A typology of Third Sector Service Delivery Organisation,
[Dore and Crouch, 2003]
L. Dore, G. Crouch.
Promoting Destinations: An Exploratory Study of Publicity Programmes Used by National Tourism Organizations.
Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9 (2003), pp. 137-151
[Drenth et al., 1984]
P. Drenth, H. Thierry, P. Willems, C. De Wolff.
Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc, (1984),
[Duncan, 2005]
T. Duncan.
IMC: Using Advertising and Promotion to Build Brands, 2nd edition,
[Duncan and Caywood, 1996]
T. Duncan, C. Caywood.
The Concept, Process, and Evolution of Integrated Marketing Communication.
Integrated Communication: Synergy of Persuasive Voices, pp. 13-34
[Dwyer and Tanner, 2002]
F. Dwyer, J. Tanner.
Business Marketing.
Mc Graw Hill, (2002),
[Edell and Keller, 1999]
Edell, J. y Keller, K. (1999) «Analyzing Media Interactions: The Effects of Coordinated TV-Print Advertising Campaigns, Working Paper No. 99–120», Marketing Science Institute, Cambridge, MA.
[Eichenbaum and Bodkin, 2000]
Eichenbaum, H. y Bodkin, J, (2000) «Belief and knowledge as Distinct Forms of Memory». In Memory, Brain, and Belief, D. Schacter, and E. Scarry, eds, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 176–207.
[Einwiller and Fedorikhin, 2006]
S. Einwiller, A. Fedorikhin, A. Johnson, M. Kamins.
Enough Is Enough! When Identification No Longer Prevents Negative Corporate Associations.
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34 (2006), pp. 185-194
[Fabrigar and Petty, 1999]
L. Fabrigar, R. Petty.
The Role of the Affective and Cognitive Bases of Attitudes in Susceptibility to Affectively and Cognitively Based Persuasion.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25 (1999), pp. 363-381
[Fill, 2005]
C. Fill.
Marketing Communications: Engagement, strategies and practice, 4th edition,
[Gardener and Minakshi, 1998]
E. Gardener, T. Minakshi.
A Communications Framework to Evaluate Sales Promotion Strategies.
Journal of Advertising Research, (1998), pp. 67-71
[Goldsmith and Lafferty, 2000]
R. Goldsmith, B. Lafferty, S. Newell.
The impact of corporate credibility and celebrity credibility on consumer reaction to advertisements and brands.
Journal of Advertising, 29 (2000), pp. 43-54
[Gordon and Ford-Hutchinson, 2002]
W. Gordon, S. Ford-Hutchinson.
Brains and Brands: Re-thinking the Consumer.
Admap, 37 (2002), pp. 47-50
[Graeff, 1996]
T. Graeff.
Using promotional messages to manage the effects of bry y self-image on bry evaluations.
Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13 (1996), pp. 4-18
[Gregory, 2001]
A. Gregory.
Public relations and evaluation: does the reality match the rhetoric?.
Journal of Marketing Communications, 7 (2001), pp. 171-189
[Groth and Dye, 1999]
J. Groth, R. Dye.
Service quality:perceived value,expectations, shortfalls, and bonuses.
Managing Service Quality, 9 (1999), pp. 274-285
[Grunig and Hunt, 1984]
J. Grunig, T. Hunt.
Managing Public Relations, Fort Worth.
Rinehart and Wilson, (1984),
[Guadagni and Little, 1983]
P. Guadagni, J.C. Little.
A logit model of brand choice calibrated on scanner data.
Marketing Science, 2 (1983), pp. 203-238
[Hallahan, 1996]
K. Hallahan.
Product publicity: An orphan of marketing research. In Integrated communications.
The search of synergy in communication voices, pp. 305-330
[Hallahan, 1999]
K. Hallahan.
It's Not True What They Say About Publicity's «Implied Third-Party Endorsement Effect.
Public Relations Review, 25 (1999), pp. 331-350
[Harris, 1993]
T. Harris.
How MPR Adds Value To Integrated Marketing Communications.
Public Relations Quarterly, (1993), pp. 13-18
[Holloway, 1992]
D. Holloway.
How to select a measurement system that's right for you: tools for assessing the effectiveness of public relations campaigns.
Public Relations Quarterly, 37 (1992), pp. 15-17
[Huey, 1999]
B. Huey.
Advertising's Double Helix: AProposed New Process Model.
Journal of Advertising Research, (1999), pp. 43-51
[Huizingh and Hoekstra, 2003]
E. Huizingh, C. Hoekstra.
Why do consumers like websites?.
Journal of Targeting Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 1 (2003), pp. 350-361
[Hutton, 2002]
J. Hutton.
Marketing communications: integrated theory.
strategy and tactics. Pentagram Publishing, (2002),
[Ilchul et al., 2004]
K. Ilchul, D. Han, D. Schultz.
Understanding the Diffusion of Integrated Marketing Communication.
Journal of Advertising Research, (2004), pp. 31-45
[Jaeger, 2001]
S. Jaeger.
Incorporating “Health” into Promotional Messages for Apples: A Means-End Theory Approach.
Journal of Food Products Marketing: innovations in food advertising, food promotion, food publicity, y food sales promotion, 6 (2001), pp. 27-51
[Jin, 2003]
H. Jin.
Compounding Consumer Interest: Effects of Advertising Campaign Publicity on the Ability to Recall Subsequent Advertisements.
Journal of Advertising, 32 (2003), pp. 29-41
[Jo, 2004]
S. Jo.
Effect of content type on impact: editorial vs. Advertising.
Public Relations Review, 30 (2004), pp. 503-512
[Jones, 1992]
J. Jones.
How Much is Enough: Getting the Most from your Advertising Dollar.
Lexington Books, (1992),
[Jöreskog, 1979]
K. Jöreskog.
A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis with addendum.
Advances in factor analysis and structural equation models,
[Jöreskog, 1993]
K. Jöreskog.
Testing structural equation models.
Testing structural equation models, pp. 294-316
[Just and Carpenter, 1992]
M. Just, P. Carpenter.
A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory.
Psychological Review, 99 (1992), pp. 122-149
[Keaveney, 2001]
P. Keaveney.
Marketing to donors.
Marketing for the voluntary sector,
[Keller, 2001]
L. Keller.
Mastering the Marketing Communications Mix: Micro and Macro perspectives on Integrated Marketing Communication Programs.
Journal of Marketing Management, 17 (2001), pp. 819-847
[Kelloway, 1998]
E. Kelloway.
Using LISREL for structural equation modeling: A researcher's guide.
Sage, (1998),
[Kitchen et al., 2004]
P. Kitchen, J. Brignell, T. Li, G. Jones.
The Emergence of IMC: A Theoretical Perspective.
Journal of Advertising Research, (2004), pp. 19-30
[Kotler, 1996]
P. Kotler.
Dirección de Mercadotecnia, 8ª Edición,
[Krugman et al., 1994]
D. Krugman, L. Reid, S. Dunn, A. Barban.
Advertising. Its role in modern marketing.
The Dryden Press, (1994),
[Lambin, 1994]
J. Lambin.
La Recherche Marketing.
Ediscience, (1994),
[Lauzen, 1991]
M. Lauzen.
Imperialism and Encroachment in Public Relations.
Public Relations Review, 17 (1991), pp. 245-255
[Lavidge and Steiner, 1961]
R. Lavidge, G. Steiner.
A Model of Predictive Measurements of Advertising Effectiveness.
Journal of Marketing, 25 (1961), pp. 59-62
[Lilien et al., 1992]
G. Lilien, P. Kotler, K. Moorthy.
Marketing Models.
Prentice-Hall International Inc, (1992),
[Lindemann, 1993]
W. Lindemann.
An Effectiveness Yardstick to Measure Public Relations Success.
Public Relations Quarterly, 31 (1993), pp. 7-10
[Linning, 2004]
R. Linning.
Abuse and self-abuse: PR and its USP, plausible deniability.
Journal of Communication Management, 9 (2004), pp. 65-73
[Loda and Coleman, 2005]
M. Loda, B. Coleman.
Sequence matters: A more effective way to use advertising and publicity.
Journal of Advertising Research, 45 (2005), pp. 362-372
[Low and Mohr, 2000]
G. Low, J. Mohr.
Advertising vs sales promotion: a brand management perspective.
Journal of Product and Brand Management, 9 (2000), pp. 389-414
[McGuire, 1978]
McGuire, W. (1978) «An Information Processing Model of Advertising Effectiveness». In Behavioral and Management Science in Marketing, Davis, H. and Silk, A., (Eds.), New York. 216–231.
[Mckay, 2003]
S. McKay.
Adolescent Risk Behaviors and Communication Research.
Journal of Language y Social Psychology, 22 (2003), pp. 74-82
[Michaelson and Stacks, 2007]
Michaelson, D. y Stacks, D. (2007) «Exploring the Comparative Communications Effectiveness of Advertising and Public Relations: An Experimental Study of Initial Branding Advantage», Institute for Public Relations, http://www.instituteforpr.org/files/uploads/Michaelson_Stacks.pdf.
[Mitchell and Olson, 1981]
A. Mitchell, J. Olson.
Are Product Attribute Beliefs the Only Mediator of Advertising Effects on Brand Attitude?.
Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1981), pp. 318-332
[Moriarty, 1994]
S. Moriarty.
PR and IMC: The Benefits of Integration.
Public Relations Quarterly, 39 (1994), pp. 38-44
[Munger and Grewal, 2001]
J. Munger, D. Grewal.
The effects of alternative price promotional methods on consumers’ product evaluations and purchase intentions.
Journal of Product & Brand Management, 10 (2001), pp. 185-197
[Myers, 2002]
D. Myers.
Social Psychology, 7th edition,
[Naik and Raman, 2003]
P. Naik, K. Raman.
Understanding the Impact of Synergy in Multimedia Comparisons.
Journal of Marketing Research, 60 (2003), pp. 375-388
[O’Guinn et al., 1990]
T. O’Guinn, C. Allen, R. Smenik.
Publicidad.
International Thomson Editors, (1990),
[Ong, 1997]
B. Ong, F. Ho, T. Tripp.
Consumer perceptions of bonus packs: an exploratory analysis.
Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14 (1997), pp. 102-112
[Pelsmacker et al., 2002]
P. Pelsmacker, M. Geuens, P. Anckaert.
Media context and advertising effectiveness: the role of context style, context quality and context-ad similarity.
Journal of Advertising, 31 (2002), pp. 49-61
[Peterson and Dill, 1997]
M. Peterson, D. Dill.
Understanding the competitive environment of the postsecondary knowledge industry.
Planning and Management for a Changing Environment,
[Phillips, 2001]
D. Phillips.
Online Public Relations.
Kogan Page, (2001),
[Pickton, 2001]
B. Pickton.
Integrated marketing communications Essex.
Pearson Education Ltd, (2001),
[Priya, 2004]
R. Priya.
Free Gifts with Purchase: Promoting or Discounting Brands?.
The Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14 (2004), pp. 181-186
[Pullig et al., 2006]
C. Pullig, R. Netemeyer, A. Biswas.
Attitude Basis, Certainty, y Challenge Alignment: A Case of Negative Brand Publicity.
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34 (2006), pp. 528-542
[Raghubir, 2004a]
P. Raghubir.
Coupons in Context: Discounting Prices or Decreasing Sales?.
Journal of Retailing, 80 (2004), pp. 1-12
[Raghubir, 2004b]
P. Raghubir.
Free Gift with Purchase: Promoting or Discounting the Brand?.
Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14 (2004), pp. 181-185
[Ralph and Boxall, 2005]
S. Ralph, K. Boxall.
Visible Images of Disabled Students: An Analysis of UK University Publicity Materials.
Teaching in Higher Education, 10 (2005), pp. 371-385
[Ray, 1994]
H. Ray.
Advertising and Public Relations in Transition from Communism: The Case of Hungary 1989-1994.
Public Relations Review, 20 (1994), pp. 357-372
[Ray et al., 1973]
M. Ray, A. Sawyer, M. Rothschild, R. Heeler, E. Strong, J. Reed.
Marketing Communications and Hierarchy of Effects.
New Models for Mass Communication Research, pp. 147-176
[Renkema and Hoeken, 1998]
J. Renkema, H. Hoeken.
The Influence of Negative Newspaper Publicity on Corporate Image in the Netherlands.
Journal of Business Communication, 35 (1998), pp. 521-535
[Ries and Ries, 2002]
A. Ries, L. Ries.
The Fall of Advertising and the Rise of PR.
Harper Business, (2002),
[Rivera and De Juan, 2001]
J. Rivera, M.D. De Juan.
La promoción de ventas, variable clave del marketing.
Ed. ESIC, (2001),
[Rogers, 1962]
E. Rogers.
Diffusion of Innovations, 1st edition,
[Rossiter and Percy, 1997]
J. Rossiter, L. Percy.
Advertising & Promotion Management, 2nd edition,
[Russell, 1961]
H. Russell.
Defining Advertising Goals for Measured Advertising Results.
Association of National Advertisers, (1961),
[Scholten, 1996]
M. Scholten.
Lost and found: the information-processing model of advertising effectiveness.
Journal of Business Research, 37 (1996), pp. 97-104
[Schultz and Kitchen, 2000]
D. Schultz, P. Kitchen.
A Response to ‘Theoretical Concept or Management Fashion?.
Journal of Advertising Research, 40 (2000), pp. 17-21
[Schultz et al., 1993]
D. Schultz, S. Tannenbaum, R. Lauterborn.
Integrated Marketing Communications: Pulling It Together and Making It Work.
NTC Business Books, (1993),
[Sen and Bhattacharya, 2001]
S. Sen, C. Bhattacharya.
Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility.
Journal of Marketing Research, 38 (2001), pp. 225-243
[Sethuraman and Tellis, 2002]
R. Sethuraman, G. Tellis.
Does manufacturer advertising suppress or stimulate retail price promotions? Analytical model and empirical analysis.
Journal of Retailing, 78 (2002), pp. 253-263
[Sharma, 2000]
A. Sharma.
Recall of Television Commercials as a Function of Viewing Context: The Impact of Program-Commercial Congruity on Commercial Messages - Statistical Data Included.
Journal of General Psychology, 127 (2000), pp. 383-396
[Shih-Lun and Nelson, 2006]
A. Shih-Lun, R. Nelson.
The Effects of Identical Versus Varied Advertising and Publicity Messages on Consumer Response.
Journal of Marketing Comunications, 12 (2006), pp. 109-123
[Shimp and Deloizier, 1986]
T. Shimp, W. Deloizier.
Promotion Management and Marketing Comunications Hinsdale III.
Dryden, (1986),
[Simon, 1992]
H. Simon.
Introduction.
Economics Bounded Rationality and the Cognitive Revolution,
[Sinkovics and Schlegelmilch, 2000]
R. Sinkovics, B. Schlegelmilch.
Marketing Academics in Austria, Germany and Switzerland: Humboldt's Ideals Give Way to Performance Pressure.
Journal of Marketing Management, 16 (2000), pp. 745-759
[Smith, 1993]
P. Smith.
Marketing Communications and integrated approach, 2th edition,
[Smith and e Insko, 1987]
R. Smith, C. Insko.
Social Comparison Choice During Ability Evaluation The Effects of Comparison Publicity, Performance Feedback, and Self-Esteem.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13 (1987), pp. 111-122
[Smith and Swinyard, 1982]
R. Smith, W. Swinyard.
Information response models: An integrated approach.
Journal of Marketing, 46 (1982), pp. 81-93
[Smith and Vogt, 1995]
R. Smith, C. Vogt.
The effects of integrating advertising and negative word-of mouth communications on message processing and response.
Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4 (1995), pp. 133-151
[Swain, 2004]
W. Swain.
Perceptions of IMC After a Decade of Development: Who's at the Wheel, and How Can We Measure Success?.
Journal of Advertising Research,, (2004), pp. 46-65
[Tellis, 1998]
G. Tellis.
Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy Reading.
Addison-Wesley, (1998),
[Thorsten, 2007]
H. Thorsten.
Assessing EU strategies for publicity.
Journal of European Public Policy, 14 (2007), pp. 563-581
[Tversky and Kahneman, 1974]
A. Tversky, D. Kahneman.
Judgement under uncertainty: heuristics and biases.
Science, 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131
[Vakratsas and Ambler, 1999]
D. Vakratsas, T. Ambler.
How Advertising Works: What We Really Know?.
Journal of Marketing, 63 (1999), pp. 26-43
[Van Reijmersdal et al., 2005]
E. Van Reijmersdal, P. Neijens, E. Smit.
Readers’ reactions to mixtures of advertising and editorial content in magazines.
Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 27 (2005), pp. 39-53
[Vaughn, 1980]
R. Vaughn.
How Advertising Works: A Planning Model.
Journal of Advertising Research, 20 (1980), pp. 27-33
[Watson and Barton, 1990]
S. Watson, A. Barton.
Advertising. Its role in modern marketing.
The Dryden Press, (1990),
[Weilbacher, 2001]
W. Weilbacher.
Does Advertising Cause a ‘Hierarchy of Effects’?.
Journal of Advertising Research, 41 (2001), pp. 19-26
[Weilbacher, 2002]
W. Weilbacher.
Weilbacher Comments on In Defense of the Hierarchy of Effects.
Journal of Advertising Research, (2002), pp. 48-49
[Weiner and Bartholomew, 2006]
Weiner, M. y Bartholomew, D. (2006) Dispelling the myth of PR multipliers and other inflationary audience measures. Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations. (www.instituteforpr. org).
[Wells et al., 2003]
W. Wells, J. Burnett, S. Moriarty.
Advertising Principles and Practice, 6th edition,
[Yi, 1990]
Y. Yi.
Cognitive and affective priming effects of the context for print advertisements.
Journal of Advertising, 19 (1990), pp. 40-48
[Young, 2004]
C. Young.
Capturing the Flow of Emotion in Television Commercials: A New Approach.
Journal of Advertising Research, (2004), pp. 202-209
Copyright © 2008. Asociación Cuadernos de Economía