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Vol. 50. Núm. 4.
Páginas 121-127 (abril 2003)
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Vol. 50. Núm. 4.
Páginas 121-127 (abril 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Actividad biológica e inmunológica de la prolactina en varones infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana
Biological and immunological activity of prolactin in men with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Visitas
5343
V.M. Cabrera Olivaa,
Autor para correspondencia
vcabrera@inend.sld.cu

Correspondencia: Dr. Víctor M. Cabrera Oliva. Departamento de Reproducción Humana. Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología. Hospital Comandante M. Fajardo. Zapata y Calle D. Vedado. Ciudad de La Habana 10400. Cuba.
, J. Sarracent pérezb
a Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología. Hospital Comandante M. Fajardo. Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba
b Departamento de Parasitología. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Ciudad de La Habana. Cuba
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Información del artículo
Antecedentes

Aunque existen múltiples evidencias sobre los efectos reguladores de la prolactina (Prl) sobre la respuesta inmune tanto humoral como mediada por células, no se conoce cuál es la función de esta hormona en la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar si existen cambios en las concentraciones de Prl inmunorreactiva (determinadas por radioinmunoensayo [RIA]), bioactiva (bioensayo con células Nb2) o en las isoformas de pesos moleculares en las muestras plasmáticas o en los medios de cultivo de las células mononucleares de sangre periférica (CMSP) de varones infectados con el virus del sida.

Metodos

Se estudió la producción de Prl in vivo e in vitro en 20 varones no tratados infectados con el VIH y un grupo de 14 varones sanos. Los estudios se realizaron en condiciones basales de ayuno o bajo estimulación de la síntesis de Prl por administración de metoclopramida endovenosa y toma de muestras a intervalos de 30 min durante 5 h.

Resultados

En los varones infectados con el virus del sida las concentraciones de Prl bioactiva –aunque no las de Prl inmunorreactiva– en ayunas fueron superiores (p = 0,03), pero durante la prueba de estimulación las concentraciones de Prl bioactiva e inmunorreactiva fueron inferiores en los varones infectados (p ≤ 0,01).

En los sujetos controles se encontró una correlación positiva entre las concentraciones de Prl bioactiva e inmunorreactiva (r = 0,728), mientras que en los infectados el coeficiente de correlación fue de 0,041. La forma molecular mayoritaria encontrada en las muestras plasmáticas de los sujetos controles y varones infectados por el virus del sida fue la de 23,5 kDa. La síntesis de Prl bioactiva por los cultivos de las CMSP de los pacientes infectados con el virus del sida (grupo II) no se estimuló por la adición de concanavalina A (Con A), a diferencia con las células de los sujetos sanos (grupo I). Sin embargo, las concentraciones en condiciones basales de cultivo siempre fueron mayores para las células mononucleares de los varones infectados con el virus del VIH.

Conclusiones

Los resultados demuestran que los pacientes infectados con el virus del sida tienen un tono dopaminérgico disminuido, que sus células linfocitarias no son capaces de sintetizar Prl como respuesta a la estimulación mitogénica y que se pierde la correlación entre las concentraciones de Prl bioactiva e inmunorreactiva debido a mecanismos asociados a la presencia de la enfermedad. Las diferencias entre las concentraciones de Prl bioactiva e inmunorreactiva encontradas entre los dos grupos no están relacionadas con la presencia de distintas formas polimórficas de la hormona.

Palabras clave:
Prolactina
Actividad biológica de la prolactina
Prolactina y sida
Prolactina plasmática
Prueba de estimulación con metoclopramida
Background

Although the regulatory effects of prolactin (PRL) on the humoral and cell mediated immune response are well documented, the biological, immunological and structural characteristics of this hormone in serum samples from men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether differences exist in concentrations of immunoreactive PRL (determined by radioimmunoassay), biologically active PRL (Nb2 bioassay), in the molecular weight of PRL isoforms in plasma samples and in the culture media of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HIV-infected men compared with healthy men.

Methods

PRL production was studied in vivo and in vitro in 20 untreated HIVinfected men and in 14 clinically healthy HIV-negative men. Blood samples were extracted under fasting conditions and after the PRL-stimulatory test with endovenous metoclopramide at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes.

Results

In HIV-infected men fasting bioactive (but not immunoreactive) PRL concentrations were higher (p = 0.03), but stimulated PRL concentrations (both immunoreactive and bioactive) were lower than in healthy men throughout the stimulatory test (p ≤ 0.01). In healthy men, a positive correlation was found between immunoreactive and biologically active PRL concentrations (r = 0.728), while in HIVinfected men the correlation coefficient was 0.041. In both groups of men, the predominant circulating PRL isoform had a molecular weight of 23.5 kDa. A nonstimulatory effect of the mitogen on the synthesis of PRL-like substances was observed when mononuclear cells from HIV-infected men were incubated in the presence of concanavalin-A. The opposite occurred in cells from healthy controls. However, in basal (non-stimulated) cultures the concentration of bioactive PRL-like substances in the conditioned medium from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher in HIV-infected men than in healthy controls.

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrate that HIV-infected men show reduced dopaminergic tone, that lymphocytes are unable to synthesize PRL in response to mitogenic stimulation and that the correlation between bioactive and immunoreactive PRL is lost due to mechanisms associated with HIV-infection. The differences in concentrations of bioactive and immunoreactive PRL found between both groups were unrelated to the presence of different polymorphic forms of the hormone.

Key words:
Prolactin
Bioactive prolactin
Prolactin and AIDS
Plasma prolactin
Metoclopramide stimulatory test
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