covid
Buscar en
Endocrinología y Nutrición
Toda la web
Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Glitazonas
Información de la revista
Vol. 55. Núm. S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Páginas 34-38 (marzo 2008)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 55. Núm. S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Páginas 34-38 (marzo 2008)
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Acceso a texto completo
Glitazonas
Glitazones
Visitas
54677
E. Juncà
Autor para correspondencia
ejunca1978@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Dra. E. Juncà Creus. Servicio de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición. Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta. Avda. França, s/n. 17007 Girona. España.
, W. Ricart
Servicio de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición. Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta. Girona. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo

Las tiazolidinadionas son fármacos que actúan como agonistas de los receptores proliferadores de peroxisomas gamma (PPAR-γ), que se localizan mayoritariamente en el tejido adiposo. Modulan la expresión de genes que regulan el equilibrio glucémico, lipídico, y el estado proinflamatorio, por lo que consiguen disminuir la resistencia a la insulina e, indirectamente, mejorar la secreción de insulina. A pesar de que, en monoterapia, disminuyen en ensayos clínicos controlados un 1% la hemoglobina glucosilada, las glitazonas están indicadas para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en combinación con otros hipoglucemiantes orales. La combinación de glitazonas e insulina supone un riesgo potencial de insuficiencia cardíaca como consecuencia de la retención hídrica, en pacientes predispuestos, a la que contribuyen ambos fármacos. A pesar de ello, la EMEA ha aprobado la combinación de insulina con pioglitazona, y esta combinación aparece también en el algoritmo de tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, resultante del último consenso de la EASD y de la ADA. Se ha demostrado que las glitazonas mejoran la preservación de la función de la célula beta pancreática y podrían ser en el futuro una indicación terapéutica en el estado de prediabetes. Algunas entidades clínicas en las que la resistencia a la insulina ejerce un papel fisiopatológico, como por ejemplo la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica, las tiazolidinadionas han mostrado resultados favorables, aunque todavía su indicación no está aprobada.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Tiazolidinadionas
Glitazonas
Resistencia a la insulina
Receptores proliferadores de peroxisomas gamma

Glitazones are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists, which are predominantly expressed in adipose tissue. PPAR-gamma activation leads to enhanced expression of different genes controlling glycemic, lipidic and inflammatory homeostasis, thus reducing insulin resistance and, indirectly, improving insulin secretion. Although controlled clinical trials have shown that glitazone monotherapy reduces glycosylated hemoglobin by 1%, these drugs are indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. The combination of glitazones and insulin carries a potential risk of heart failure as a result of water retention in predisposed individuals, as both drugs can produce this adverse effect. Nevertheless, the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products has approved the combination of insulin and pioglitazone, which is also included in the algorithm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus produced in the last consensus of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the American Diabetes Association. Glitazones have been demonstrated to improve beta-cell function and may therefore constitute a therapeutic agent in prediabetic states. Some clinical entities in which insulin resistance plays a pathophysiologic role, such a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, may benefit from glitazone therapy, although this indication is not currently approved.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Thiazolidinediones
Glitazones
Insulin resistance
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
C.J.J. Tack, P. Smits.
Thiazolidinedione derivates in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
J Med, 64 (2006), pp. 166-174
[2.]
H. Yki-Järvinen.
Thiazolidinediones.
N Engl J Med, 351 (2004), pp. 1106-1118
[3.]
A. Chawla, J.J. Repa.
Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files.
Science, 294 (2001), pp. 1866-1870
[4.]
J.J. Nolan, B. Ludvik.
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone.
N Engl J Med, 331 (1994), pp. 1188-1193
[5.]
A. Basu, M.D. Jensen, F. McCann, D. Mukhopadyay, M.Z. Joyner, R.A. Rizza.
Effects of pioglitazone versus glipizide on body fat distribution, bodywater content, and hemodynamics in type diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 9 (2006), pp. 510-514
[6.]
J.J. Nolan, B. Ludvik, P. Beerdsen, M. Joyce, J. Olefsky.
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone.
N Engl J Med, 331 (1994), pp. 1188-1193
[7.]
S.L. Suter, J.J. Nolan, P. Wallace, B. Gumbiner, J.M. Olefsky.
Metabolic effects of new oral hypoglycemic agent CS-045 in NIDDM subjects.
Diabetes Care, 15 (1992), pp. 193-203
[8.]
J.M. Fernández-Real, W. Ricart.
Insulin resistance and chronic vascular inflamatory disease.
Endocrine Rev, 24 (2003), pp. 278-301
[9.]
M. Matsuda, I. Shimomura, M. Sata, Y. Arita, N. Nishida, N. Maeda, et al.
Role of adiponectin in preventing vascular stenosis: the missing link of adipo-vascular axis.
J Biol Chem, 277 (2002), pp. 37487-37491
[10.]
M.A. Khan, S.T. Peter, J.L. Xue.
A prospective,randomized comparasion of the metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes who where previously treated with glitazone.
Diabetes Care, 25 (2002), pp. 708-711
[11.]
D.M. Nathan, J.B. Buse, M.B. Davidson, J. Robert, R. Heine Rury, S. Robert, et al.
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the study of Diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 29 (2006), pp. 1963-1971
[12.]
S.E. Kahn, S.M. Haffner, M.A. Heise, W.H. Herman, R.R. Holman, N.P. Jones, et al.
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformine or glyburide monoterapy.
N Engl J Med, 355 (2006), pp. 2427-2443
[13.]
A.H. Xiang, R.K. Peters, S.L. Kjos, A. Marroquin, J. Goico, C. Ochoa, et al.
Effect of pioglitazone on pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes risk in Hispanic women with prior gestacional diabetes.
Diabetes, 55 (2006), pp. 517-522
[14.]
Y. Miyazaki, L. Glass, C. Triplitt, M. Matsuda, K. Cusi, A. Mahankali, et al.
Effect of rosiglitazone on glucose and non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients.
Diabetologia, 44 (2001), pp. 2210-2219
[15.]
R. Goldberg, D.M. Kendall, M.A. Deeg, J.B. Buse, A.J. Zagar, J.A. Pinaire, et al.
A comparison of lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Diabetes Care, 28 (2005), pp. 1547-1554
[16.]
DREAM (Diabetes Reduction Assessment with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medication) Study.
Prevention of type 2 diabetes with ramipril and/or rosiglitazone in persons with disglycaemia but no cardiovascular disease.
Lancet, 61 (2006), pp. 728-732
[17.]
B. Panuti, V. Fonseca.
Effects of PPAR gamma agonists on cardiovascular function in obese non-diabetic patients.
Vasc Pharmacol, 45 (2006), pp. 29-35
[18.]
N. Freemantle.
How well does the evidence on pioglitazone back up researchers claims for a reduction in macrovascular events?.
[19.]
K.A. Chan, A. Truman, J.H. Gurwitz, J.S. Hurley, B. Martison, R. Prat, et al.
A cohort study of the incidence of serious acute liver injury in diabetic patients treated with hypoglycemic agents.
Arch Intern Med, 163 (2003), pp. 728-734
[20.]
R. Rajagopalan, S. Iyer, A. Pérez.
Comparison of pioglitazone with other antidiabetic drugs for associated incidence of liver failure: no evidence of increased risk of liver failure with pioglitazone.
Diabetes Obes Metab, 7 (2005), pp. 161
[21.]
Z. Hussein, J.M. Wentworth, A.J. Nankervis, J. Proieto, P.G. Colman.
Effectiveness and side effects of thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes: reallife experience from a tertiary hospital.
Med J Aust, 181 (2004), pp. 536-539
[22.]
T.R. Marcy, M.L. Britton, S.M. Blevins.
Second-generation thiazolidinediones and hepatotoxicity.
Ann Pharmacother, 38 (2004), pp. 1419-1423
[23.]
E. Farley-Hills, R. Sivasankar, M. Martin.
Fatal liver failure associated with pioglitazone.
[24.]
S.E. Nissen, K. Wolski.
Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.
N Engl J Med, 356 (2007), pp. 2457-2471
[25.]
B.M. Psaty, C.D. Furberg.
Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk.
N Engl J Med, 356 (2007), pp. 2522-2524
[26.]
J.A. Dormandy, B. Charbonnel, D.J. Eckland, E. Erdmann, M. Massi-Benedetti, I.K. Moules, et al.
Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial.
Lancet, 366 (2005), pp. 1279-1289
[27.]
Von Eschenbach AC, Commissioner of Food and Drugs. Statement before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. United States House of Representatives. Avandia. 2007.
[28.]
R. Belfort, S.A. Harrison, K. Brown, C. Darland, J. Finch, Hardies, et al.
A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
N Engl J Med, 355 (2006), pp. 2297-2307
[29.]
The UKPDS Group.
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformine on the complications of diabetes.
Lancet, 352 (1998), pp. 854-865
[30.]
I.B. Hirsh.
A real-word approach to insulin therapy in primary care practise.
Clin Diabetes, 23 (2005), pp. 78-86
Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos