covid
Buscar en
Endocrinología y Nutrición
Toda la web
Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Relación entre el consumo de isoflavonas de soja y las concentraciones de coles...
Información de la revista
Vol. 53. Núm. 10.
Páginas 599-606 (diciembre 2006)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 53. Núm. 10.
Páginas 599-606 (diciembre 2006)
Revisiones
Acceso a texto completo
Relación entre el consumo de isoflavonas de soja y las concentraciones de colesterol: revisión de la evidencia
Association between soy isoflavone intake and cholesterol levels: evidence review
Visitas
8559
Susana Canales Ugarte
Autor para correspondencia
scanales@sescam.jccm.es

Correspondencia: Dra. S. Canales. Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Donantes de sangre, s/n. 19001 Guadalajara. España.
Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Guadalajara. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo

En los últimos años, ha aumentado enormemente el interés sobre el papel de las isoflavonas de soja como agentes reductores de colesterol. Sin embargo, todavía no existen recomendaciones firmes al respecto, ya que las conclusiones de la investigación no son claras. El objetivo de esta revisión es esclarecer la evidencia existente acerca del efecto de las isoflavonas en el colesterol. Se hizo una búsqueda en varias bases de datos electrónicas y se seleccionó todos los estudios que analizaban los efectos de las isoflavonas de soja en el riesgo cardiovascular, concretamente el perfil lipídico o la concentración de colesterol, en la población adulta. Se incluyó 19 publicaciones, de las que 4 concluyen que el consumo de isoflavonas reduce el colesterol; 3 de ellas encuentran cierto efecto hipocolesterolemiante, pero no lo adjudican a las isoflavonas, y en el resto el resultado no muestra ningún efecto significativo en el perfil lipídico. En conclusión, la evidencia aportada hasta la actualidad es insuficiente para recomendar el consumo de isoflavonas con el objetivo de reducir la concentración de colesterol.

Palabras clave:
Isoflavonas
Fitoestrógenos
Genisteína
Daidzeína
Gliciteína
Alimentos de soja
Enfermedad cardiovascular
Agentes cardiovasculares
Colesterol
Lipoproteínas

In the last few years, interest in soy isoflavones as cholesterol-reducing agents has increased enormously. However, to date, no solid recommendations have been made because the conclusions of research are not yet clear. This review aims to clarify the existing evidence on the effect of isoflavones on cholesterol. A search was performed in several electronic databases and all publications analyzing the effect of soy isoflavones on cardiovascular risk were selected, specifically the effect on lipid profile or cholesterol levels in the adult population. Nineteen publications were included in this review. Of these, four conclude that isoflavone intake reduces cholesterol while three show a certain hypocholesterolemic effect, but do not attribute this effect to isoflavones. The remaining articles show no significant effect on lipid profile. In conclusion, the currently available evidence is insufficient to recommend isoflavone intake for cholesterol reduction.

Key words:
Isoflavones
Phytoestrogens
Genistein
Daidzein
Glycitein
Soy foods
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular agents
Cholesterol
Lipoproteins
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
G.J.M.N. Kuiper, J.G. Lemmen, B. Carlsson, J.C. Corton, S.H. Safe, P.T. Van der Saag, et al.
Interaction of estrogenic chemical and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor ß.
Endocrinology, 139 (1998), pp. 4252-4263
[2.]
K.D. Setchell.
Phytoestrogen: the biochemistry, physiology an implication for human health of soy isoflavones.
Am J Clin Nutr, 68 (1998), pp. S1333-S1336
[3.]
K.D. Setchell, A. Cassidy.
Dietary isoflavones: biological effects and relevance to human health.
J Nutr, 129 (1999), pp. S758-S767
[4.]
D.M. Tham, C.D. Gardner, W.L. Haskell.
Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogen: A review of the clinical epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83 (1998), pp. 2223-2235
[5.]
K.K. Han, J.M. Soares, M.A. Haidar, G.R. De Lima, E.C. Baracat.
Benefits of soy isoflavone therapeutic regimen on menopausal symptoms.
Obstet Gynecol, 99 (2002), pp. 389-394
[6.]
A.F. Kardinaal, M.S. Morton, I.E. Bruggemann-Rotgans, E.C. Van Berestseijn.
Phytoestrogen excretion and rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 52 (1998), pp. 850-855
[7.]
D.B. Fournier, J.W. Erdman Jr, G.B. Gordon.
Soy, its components, and cancer prevention: a review of the in vitro, animal and human data.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 7 (1998), pp. 1055-1065
[8.]
M.J. De Kleijn, Y.T. Van der Schouw, P.W. Wilson, D.E. Groebbee, P.F. Jacques.
Dietary intake of phytoestrogen is associatedwith a favorable metabolic cardiovascular risk profile in postmenopausal US women: The Framingham study.
J Nutr, 132 (2002), pp. 276-282
[9.]
J.W. Anderson, B.M. Johnstone, M.E. Cook-Newell.
Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids.
N Engl J Med, 333 (1995), pp. 276-282
[10.]
M.J. Tikkanen, K. Wahala, S. Ohala, V. Vihma, H. Adlercreutz.
Effect of soybean phytoestrogen intake on low-density lipoprotein oxidation resistance.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95 (1998), pp. 3106-3110
[11.]
J.P. Chin-Dusting, L.J. Fisher, T.V. Lewis, A. Piekarska, P.J. Nestel, A. Husband.
The vascular activity of some isoflavone metabolites: implications for a cardioprotective role.
Br J Pharmacol, 133 (2001), pp. 595-605
[12.]
P.J. Nestel, T. Yamashita, T. Sasahara, S. Pomeroy, A. Dart, P. Komesaroff, et al.
Soy isoflavones improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal and perimenopausal women.
Arterioscler Thromb Vascul Biol, 17 (1997), pp. 3392-3398
[13.]
Evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Cardiovascular health for women: primary prevention. 2.ª ed. Washington: Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses; 2003.
[14.]
Treatment of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Cleveland: The North American Menopause Society; 2004.
[15.]
D.A. Kerckhoffs, F. Brouns, G. Hornstra, R.P. Mensink.
Effects on the human serum lipoprotein profile of beta-glucan, soy protein and isoflavones, plant sterols and stanols, garlic and tocotrienols.
J Nutr, 132 (2002), pp. 2494-2505
[16.]
I. Demonty, B. Lamarche, P.J. Jones.
Role of isoflavones in the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy.
Nutr Rev, 61 (2003), pp. 189-203
[17.]
S. Zhan, S.C. Ho.
Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the lipid profile.
Am J Clin Nutr, 81 (2005), pp. 397-408
[18.]
X.G. Zhuo, M.K. Melby, S. Watanabe.
Soy isoflavone intake lowers serum LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials in humans.
J Nutr, 134 (2004), pp. 2395-2400
[19.]
J. Yeung, T.F. Yu.
Effects of isoflavones (soy phyto-estrogens) on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
J Nutr, 2 (2003), pp. 15
[20.]
R.M. Weggemans, E.A. Trautwein.
Relation between soy-associated isoflavones and LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations in humans: a meta-analysis.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 57 (2003), pp. 940-946
[21.]
H.M. Engelman, D.L. Alekel, L.N. Hanson, A.G. Kanthasamy, M.B. Reddy.
Blood lipid and oxidative stress responses to soy protein with isoflavones and phytic acid in postmenopausal women.
Am J Clin Nutr, 81 (2005), pp. 590-596
[22.]
Z.K. Roughead, J.R. Hunt, L.K. Johnson, T.M. Badger, G.I. Lykken.
Controlled substitution of soy protein for meat protein: effects on calcium retention, bone, and cardiovascular health indices in postmenopausal women.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90 (2005), pp. 181-189
[23.]
E. Nikander, A. Tiitinen, K. Laitinen, M. Tikkanen, O. Ylikorkala.
Effects of isolated isoflavonoids on lipids, lipoproteins, insulin sensitivity, and ghrelin in postmenopausal women.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89 (2004), pp. 3567-3572
[24.]
L.W. Lissin, R. Oka, S. Lakshmi, J.P. Cooke.
Isoflavones improve vascular reactivity in post-menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia.
Vasc Med, 9 (2004), pp. 26-30
[25.]
S. Kreijkamp-Kaspers, L. Kok, D.E. Grobbee, E.H. De Haan, A. Aleman, J.W. Lampe, et al.
Effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on coginitive function, bone mineral density, and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 292 (2004), pp. 65-74
[26.]
A. Zittermann, J. Geppert, S. Baier, N. Zehn, I. Gouni-Berthold, H.K. Berthold, et al.
Short-term effects of high soy supplementation on sex hormones, bone markers, and lipid parameters in young female adults.
Eur J Nutr, 43 (2004), pp. 100-108
[27.]
M. Sagara, T. Kanda, M. Njelekera, T. Teramoto, L. Armitage, N. Birt, et al.
Effects of dietary intake of soy protein and isoflavones on cardiovascular disease risk factors in high risk, middle-aged men in Scotland.
J Am Coll Nutr, 23 (2004), pp. 85-91
[28.]
B.J. Meyer, T.A. Larkin, A.J. Owen, L.B. Astheimer, L.C. Tapsell, P.R. Howe.
Limited lipid-lowering effects of regular consumption of whole soybean foods.
Ann Nutr Metab, 48 (2004), pp. 67-78
[29.]
V. Jayagopal, P. Albertazzi, E.S. Kilpatrick, E.M. Howarth, P.E. Jennings, D.A. Hepburn, et al.
Beneficial effects of soy phytoestrogen intake in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 25 (2002), pp. 1709-1714
[30.]
T. Uesugi, Y. Fukui, Y. Yamori.
Beneficial effects of soybean isoflavone supplementation on bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal japanese women: a four-week study.
J Am Coll Nutr, 21 (2002), pp. 97-102
[31.]
A. Blum, N. Lang, F. Vigder, P. Israeli, M. Gumanovsky, S. Lupovitz, et al.
Effects of soy protein on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and lipid profile in postmenopausal women with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Clin Invest Med, 26 (2003), pp. 20-26
Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos