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Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Resistencia a hormonas tiroideas
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Vol. 51. Núm. 5.
Páginas 308-315 (mayo 2004)
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Vol. 51. Núm. 5.
Páginas 308-315 (mayo 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Resistencia a hormonas tiroideas
Thyroid hormone resistance
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24974
J. Escalada
Autor para correspondencia
javescalada@msn.com

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Escalada. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Santiago Apóstol, Olaguibel, 29. 01004 Vitoria. Álava. España.
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Santiago Apóstol. Vitoria. Álava. España
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Información del artículo

La resistencia a las hormonas tiroideas es un síndrome genético poco frecuente (uno por 50.000 nacidos vivos), causado por mutaciones en el gen del receptor β de hormonas tiroideas y de herencia generalmente autosómica dominante. El receptor mutado, mediante un mecanismo de inhibición dominante, impide la unión de la triyodotironina a su receptor y da lugar a una menor respuesta tisular a la acción de las hormonas tiroideas. Aunque clásicamente se ha dividido a los pacientes en resistencia generalizada y resistencia hipofisaria, hoy se sabe que esta clasificación es más académica que real. La clínica es muy variable y, en muchas ocasiones, los pacientes están asintomáticos, pero es frecuente encontrar bocio, taquicardia, síndrome de hiperactividad-falta de atención, retraso de la edad ósea, etc. Analíticamente, se caracteriza por concentraciones elevadas de tiroxina y triyodotironina libres, junto con concentraciones de tirotropina no suprimidas, y se mantiene la respuesta de esta hormona al estímulo con hormona liberadora de tirotropina. Es preciso realizar el diagnóstico diferencial con otros procesos, pero fundamentalmente con el tumor hipofisario productor de tirotropina. El diagnóstico definitivo se basa en el estudio genético, que fundamentalmente demuestra mutaciones en los exones 7 a 10 del gen del receptor β de hormonas tiroideas. El tratamiento depende de la clínica predominante y, por ello, la actitud terapéutica puede ir desde la no intervención (pacientes asintomáticos) hasta la necesidad de utilizar hormonas tiroideas a dosis altas (pacientes hipotiroideos) o de fármacos que disminuyen la acción de las hormonas tiroideas (pacientes hipertiroideos).

Palabras clave:
Resistencia a hormonas tiroideas
Receptor de hormonas tiroideas
Tiroxina libre
Concentraciones de tirotropina

Thyroid hormone resistance is a rare genetic syndrome (affecting one out of every 50,000 live newborns). It is caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor ß gene and inheritance is usually autosomal dominant. Through a mechanism of dominant inhibition, the mutated receptor prevents the binding of T3 to its receptor and gives rise to a lesser tissular response to the action of thyroid hormones. Although patients have classically been divided into those with generalized resistance and those with pituitary resistance, it is now known that this classification is more academic than real. Clinical findings are highly variable and patients are frequently asymptomatic. However, goiter, tachycardia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and delayed bone age, etc., are common findings. Biochemically, thyroid hormone resistance is characterized by elevated free T4 and T3 concentrations, without suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations, while response to stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is maintained. Differential diagnosis with other processes is essential, especially with TSH-secreting pituitary tumor. The definitive diagnosis is based on genetic study, showing mutations in exons 7 to 10 of the thyroid hormone receptor ß gene. Treatment depends on clinical manifestations and consequently the therapeutic approach can range from nonintervention (asymptomatic patients) to the need to use highdose thyroid hormones (patients with hypothyroidism) or drugs that reduce the action of thyroid hormones (patients with hyperthyroidism).

Key words:
Thyroid hormone resistance
Thyroid hormone receptor
Free T4
TSH
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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