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Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Información de la revista
Vol. 55. Núm. S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Páginas 83-91 (marzo 2008)
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Vol. 55. Núm. S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Páginas 83-91 (marzo 2008)
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus
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4393
J.L. Gorriz Teruel
Autor para correspondencia
jlgorriz@ono.com

Corresponding: Dr. J.L. Gorriz Teruel. Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset. Avda. Gaspar Aguilar, 90. 46017 Valencia. España.
, L.M. Pallardó Mateu, S. Beltrán Catalán
Grupo Español Para El Estudio De La Nefropatía Diabética (Geendiab). Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset. Valencia. España
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Información del artículo

La hipertensión arterial es una complicación con una prevalencia en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 muy alta, y supone un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones cardiovasculares. El control estricto de la presión arterial hasta cifras menores de 130/80 mmHg reduce la morbimortalidad cardiovascular y renal en mayor grado que el control del resto de las complicaciones. Para conseguir este nivel se requieren, al menos, 2 o 3 fármacos en la mayoría de los pacientes. El tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en el diabético se basa en la realización de medidas higienicodietéticas o cambios en el estilo de vida, tratamiento farmacológico y control del resto de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Para el tratamiento farmacológico, los fármacos de elección son los bloqueadores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (inhibidores de la enzima conversiva de la angiotensina y antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina II). En el siguiente escalón terapéutico se sitúan los diuréticos y antagonistas del calcio. Otros fármacos que se pueden utilizar son los bloqueadores beta, los bloqueadores alfa y los agentes de acción central. El conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la hipertensión arterial en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, así como los distintos fármacos que utilizar, es importante para un tratamiento óptimo de esta frecuente complicación, con claros beneficios en la morbimortalidad de los diabéticos.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión arterial
Diabetes mellitus
Objetivos
Hiperpotasemia
Deterioro renal

Hypertension is a highly prevalent complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Reducing blood pressure to less than 130/80 mm Hg decreases cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality more than control of other associated complications. To obtain this blood pressure level, most patients need no less than 2 or 3 antihypertensive drugs. Treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients includes lifestyle changes, as well as antihypertensive agents and control of other potential cardiovascular and renal risk factors. The first line pharmacologic treatment of hypertension includes angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers. The second step includes diuretics and calcium channel blockers. Other useful drugs are betablockers, alpha-blockers and central alphaagonists. Knowledge of the physiopathology of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients, and of the mechanisms of action of the different antihypertensive drugs allows appropriate treatment of this frequent complication in diabetic patients, with well established beneficial effects on morbidity and mortality.

Key words:
High blood pressure
Diabetes mellitus
Goals
Hyperkaliemia
Kidney failure
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