covid
Buscar en
Endocrinología y Nutrición (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición (English Edition) Carney complex
Información de la revista
Vol. 58. Núm. 6.
Páginas 308-314 (junio 2011)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 58. Núm. 6.
Páginas 308-314 (junio 2011)
Acceso a texto completo
Carney complex
Complejo de Carney
Visitas
1667
Eladio José Losada Grandea,
Autor para correspondencia
eladiolosada@hotmail.com

Corresponding author. FEA Sección Endocrinología, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Can Misses, 07800 Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain.
, Daniel Al Kassam Martínezb, Margarita González Boillosa
a Sección Endocrinología, Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain
b Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Abstract

Carney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominantly inherited syndrome characterized by spotty skin pigmentation, cardiac and cutaneous myxoma, and endocrine overactivity. Skin pigmentation includes lentigines and blue nevi. Myxomas may occur in breast, skin and heart. Cardiac myxomas may be multiple and occur in any cardiac chamber, and are more prone to recurrence. The most common endocrine gland manifestation is an ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome due to primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). PPNAD may occur in isolation, with no other signs of CNC. The pituitary and thyroid glands and gonads are also involved.

The PRKAR1A gene, located in 17 q22-24, encodes for the type 1A regulatory subunit of protein kinase A. Inactivating germline mutations of this gene are found in 70% of patients with CNC. PRKAR1A is a key component of the c-AMP signaling pathway that has been implicated in endocrine tumorigenesis. Many different mutations have been reported in the PRKAR1A gene. In almost all cases the sequence change was predicted to lead to a premature stop codon and the resultant mutant mRNA was subject to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. There is no clear genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with CNC.

Genetic analysis should be performed in all CNC index cases. All affected patients should be monitored for clinical signs of CNC at least once a year. Genetic diagnosis allows for the more effective preparation of appropriate and effective therapeutic strategies and genetic counseling for patients and gene carriers, and prevents unnecessary tests being given to relatives not carrying the gene.

Keywords:
Carney
Mutation
PRKAR1A
Myxoma
PPNAD
Resumen

El complejo de Carney (CNC) es un síndrome de herencia autosómica dominante caracterizado por mixomas en diferentes localizaciones, hiperpigmentación cutánea y afectación de glándulas endocrinas. La afectación cutánea más característica es la presencia de lentiginosis y nevus azules. Los mixomas pueden hallarse en tejido subcutáneo, mamario o en región cardíaca. Los mixomas cardíacos pueden ser múltiples, localizados en cualquier cámara cardíaca y presentan mayor riesgo de recurrencia. La manifestación endocrinológica más frecuente es la presencia de un síndrome de Cushing independiente de ACTH debido a enfermedad adrenocortical nodular pigmentada primaria (primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease o PPNAD). La PPNAD puede manifestarse de manera aislada sin otras manifestaciones del CNC. Otras glándulas afectadas son la hipófisis, tiroides y gónadas.

El gen PRKAR1A localizado en 17q22-24 codifica la subunidad reguladora R1A de la proteína kinasa A. Mutaciones inactivantes de este gen se encuentran en un 70% de pacientes con CNC. PRKAR1A es un componente clave de la vía celular de señalización del AMPc implicado en la presencia de tumorogénesis de origen endocrinológico. Se han descrito numerosas mutaciones en el gen PRKAR1A y la práctica totalidad de ellas conllevan cambios en la secuencia que dan lugar a codones de terminación prematuros y el RNAm resultante es degradado por la mRNA nonsense mediated decay. No existe una clara relación entre genotipo y fenotipo en los pacientes con CNC.

Se ha de realizar estudio genético en todos los casos índice. El seguimiento para todas las manifestaciones clínicas del CNC deberían realizarse anualmente en los pacientes afectados. El estudio genético posibilita preparar de manera más efectiva nuevas estrategias terapéuticas y consejo genético para los pacientes y portadores, y evita la realización de pruebas innecesarias en familiares no portadores.

Palabras clave:
Carney
Mutación
PRKAR1A
Mixoma
PPNAD
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
J.A. Carney, H. Gordon, P.C. Carpenter, B.V. Shenoy, V.L. Go.
The complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation and endocrine overactivity.
Medicine (Baltimore), 64 (1985), pp. 270-283
[2.]
S.G. Stergiopoulos, C.A. Stratakis.
Human tumors associated with Carney Complex and germline PRKAR1A mutations: a protein kinase A disease!.
FEBS Lett, 546 (2003), pp. 59-64
[3.]
C.A. Stratakis, L.S. Kirschner, J.A. Carney.
Clinical and molecular features of the Carney complex: diagnostic criteria and recommendations for patient evaluation.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86 (2001), pp. 4041-4046
[4.]
J. Bertherat, A. Horvath, L. Groussin, S. Grabar, S. Boikos, L. Cazabat, et al.
Mutations in regulatory subunit type 1A of cyclic AMPdependent protein kinase (PRKAR1A): phenotype analysis in 353 patients and 80 different genotypes.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94 (2009), pp. 2085-2091
[5.]
S. Boikos, C.A. Stratakis.
Carney Complex: Pathology and molecular genetics.
Neuroendocrinology, 83 (2006), pp. 189-199
[6.]
F. Sandrini, C.A. Stratakis.
Clinical and molecular genetics of Carney Complex.
Mol Genet Metab, 78 (2003), pp. 83-92
[7.]
C.A. Stratakis, L.S. Kirschner, J.A. Carney.
Carney Complex: diagnosis and management of the complex of spotty skin pigmentation, myxomas, endocrine overactivity, ans schwannomas.
Am J Med Genet, 80 (1998), pp. 183-185
[8.]
J. Bertherat.
Carney complex.
[9.]
C.A. Stratakis, N. Sarlis, L.S. Kirschner, J.A. Carney, J.L. Doppman, L.K. Nieman, et al.
Paradoxical response to dexamethasone in the diagnosis of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease.
Ann Intern med, 131 (1999), pp. 585-591
[10.]
I. Bourdeau, A. Lacroix, W. Schurch, P. Caron, T. Antakly, C.A. Stratakis.
Primary pigmented nosular adrenocortical disease: paradoxical responses of cortisol secretion to dexamethasone occur in vitro and are associated with increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88 (2003), pp. 3931-3937
[11.]
E. Louiset, C.A. Stratakis, V. Perraudin, K.J. Griffin, R. Libé, S. Cabrol, et al.
The Paradoxical increase in cortisol secretion induced by dexamethasone in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease involves a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated effect of dexamethasone on protein kinase A catalytic subunits.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94 (2009), pp. 2406-2413
[12.]
J.A. Carney, W.F. Young.
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease and its associated conditions.
Endocrinologist, 2 (1992), pp. 6-21
[13.]
S.A. Boikos, C.A. Stratakis.
Pituitary pathology in patients with Carney complex: growth-hormone producing hyperplasia or tumors and their association with other abnormalities.
Pituitary, 9 (2006), pp. 203-209
[14.]
S. Stergiopoulos, M. Abu-Asab, M. Tsokos, C.A. Stratakis.
Pituitary pathology in Carney Complex patients.
Pituitary, 7 (2004), pp. 73-82
[15.]
C.A. Stratakis, N.A. Courcotsakis, A. Abati, A. Filie, J.L. Doppman, J.A. Carney, et al.
Thyroid gland abnormalities in patients with the syndrome of spotty skin pigmentation, myxomas, endocrine overactivity, and schawannomas (Carney Complex).
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82 (1997), pp. 2037-2043
[16.]
C.A. Stratakis, T. Papageorgiou.
Ovarian tumors associated with multiple endocrine neoplasias and related syndromes.
Int J Gynecol Cancer, 12 (2002), pp. 337-347
[17.]
C.A. Stratakis, J.A. Carney, J.P. Lin, D.A. Papanicolau, M. Karl, D.L. Kastner, et al.
Carney complex, a familial multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome, Analysis of 11 kindreds and linkage to the short arm of chromosome 2.
J Clin Invest, 97 (1996), pp. 669-705
[18.]
M. Casey, C. Mah, A.D. Merliss, L.S. Kirschner, S.E. Taymans, A.E. Denio, et al.
Identification of a novel genetic locus for familial cardiac myxomas and Carney complex.
Circulation, 98 (1998), pp. 2560-2566
[19.]
L. Kirschner, F. Sandrini, J. Monbo, J.P. Lin, J.A. Carney, C.A. Stratakis.
Genetic heterogeneity and spectrum of mutations of the PRKAR1A gene in patients with the Carney complex.
Hum Mol Genet, 9 (2000), pp. 3037-3046
[20.]
L.S. Kirschner, J.A. Carney, S.D. Pack, S.E. Taymans, C. Giatzakis, Y.S. Cho, et al.
Mutations of the gene encoding the protein kinase A type 1-alpha regulatory subunit in patients with the Carney Complex.
Nat Genet, 26 (2000), pp. 89-92
[21.]
M. Casey, C.J. Vaughan, J. He, C.J. Hatcher, J.M. Winter, S. Weremowicz, et al.
Mutations in the protein kinase A r 1 alpha regulatory subunit cause familial cardiac myxomas and Carney complex.
J Clin Invest, 106 (2000), pp. R31-R38
[22.]
I. Bossis, A. Voutetakis, T. Bei, F. Sandrini, K.J. Griffin, C.A. Stratakis.
Protein kinase A and its role in human neoplasia: the Carney complex paradigm.
Endocr Relat Cancer, 11 (2004), pp. 265-280
[23.]
S. Boikos, C.A. Stratakis.
Carney Complex: the first twenty tears.
Curr Opin Oncol, 19 (2007), pp. 24-29
[24.]
A. Robinson-White, T.R. Hundley, M. Shiferaw, J. Bertherat, F. Sandrini, C.A. Stratakis.
Protein kinase-A activity in PRKAR1Amutant cells, and regulation of mitogen activated protein kinases ERK1/2.
Hum Mol Genet, 12 (2003), pp. 1475-1484
[25.]
A. Robinson-White, W.W. Leitner, E. Aleem, P. Kaldis, I. Bossis, C.A. Stratakis.
PRKAR1A inactivation leads to increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in human B lymphocites.
Cancer Res, 66 (2006), pp. 10603-10612
[26.]
A. Horvath, I. Bossis, C. Giatzakis, E. Levine, F. Weinberg, E. Meoli, et al.
Large deletions of the PRKAR1A gene in Carney complex.
Clin Cancer Res, 14 (2008), pp. 388-395
[27.]
E. Meoli, I. Bossis, L. Cazabat, M. Mavrakis, A. Horvath, S. Stergiopoulos, et al.
Protein kinase A effects of an expressed PRKAR1A mutation associated with aggressive tumors.
Cancer Res, 68 (2008), pp. 3133-3141
[28.]
D. Wilkes, D. McDermott, C.T. Basson.
Clinical phenotypes and molecular genetic mechanisms of Carney complex.
Lancet Oncol, 6 (2005), pp. 501-508
[29.]
C.A. Stratakis, A. Horvath.
Carney Complex.
GeneReviews [Internet],
Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos