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Vol. 26. Núm. S10.
Darunavir
Páginas 3-9 (octubre 2008)
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Vol. 26. Núm. S10.
Darunavir
Páginas 3-9 (octubre 2008)
Acceso a texto completo
Características químicas, mecanismo de acción y actividad antiviral de darunavir
Chemical characteristics, mechanism of action and antiviral activity of darunavir
Visitas
6256
Juan Pasquau Liaño
Autor para correspondencia
jpasquau@nacom.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Virgen de las Nieves. Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2. 18014. Granada. España.
, Carmen Hidalgo Tenorio
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Virgen de las Nieves. Granada. España
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Información del artículo

Darunavir es el resultado de una amplia y profunda investigación en el campo de la farmacología del bloqueo de la proteasa del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Se trata de un inhibidor de la proteasa (IP) no peptídico, con una estructura química distinta que, confiriéndole una mayor y mejor afinidad por la diana y una mayor estabilidad frente a su disociación, lo hace más potente que el resto de los IP conocidos.

Sus características farmacocinéticas exigen la coadministración de dosis bajas de ritonavir y permiten bien la administración oral (preferentemente con las comidas), la administración una vez al día frente a cepas del VIH no resistentes y una dosificación cómoda en muy variadas situaciones, incluyendo las insuficiencias renal y hepática leves-moderadas.

Su potencial de interacciones farmacológicas se asume fácilmente y puede administrarse sin ajuste de dosis con casi todos los antirretrovirales, excepto maraviroc, lopinavir, saquinavir y tipranavir. Tampoco hay problemas de antagonismo farmacodinámico con ninguno de ellos. Las dosis citotóxicas están muy por encima de las dosis terapéuticas, lo que le otorga un amplio margen de seguridad.

Su espectro de acción es muy amplio, y resulta eficaz frente a todos los subtipos del VIH-1 y frente al VIH-2, y actúa bien en las líneas celulares mononucleares y monociticomacrofágicas. Además, es activo frente a la mayoría de los VIH resistentes al resto de los IP, y su robustez frente a los mecanismos conocidos de resistencia del VIH es también superior al del resto de los IP disponibles, de tal manera que la inducción y selección de mutaciones que confieren resistencia a este fármaco parece ser más lenta y difícil, lo que le podría permitir mantener su efecto antiviral inalterado durante largos períodos.

Palabras clave:
Darunavir
Farmacología
Actividad antiviral

Darunavir is the result of wide and in-depth investigation into HIV protease inhibitors (PIs). This drug is a non-peptide PI, with a distinct chemical structure that, by conferring it drug with enhanced binding affinity and a slower dissociation rate, makes it more potent than the remaining PIs developed to date.

Because of its pharmacokinetic characteristics, darunavir must be coadministered with low doses of ritonavir. Furthermore, these characteristics allow oral administration (preferably with meals), once-daily administration in non-resistant HIV strains, and a less complicated treatment regimen with improved convenience in highly varied contexts, including mild-to-moderate renal and hepatic impairment.

The potential of darunavir for pharmacological interactions is highly acceptable and this drug can be administered without dose adjustments with almost all antiretroviral agents except maraviroc, lopinavir, saquinavir and tipranavir. There are no problems of pharmacodynamic antagonism with any of these drugs.

Cytotoxic doses are well above therapeutic doses, providing a wide safety margin.

The spectrum of action is very wide, and darunavir is effective against all subtypes of HIV-1 and against HIV-2 and acts well in mononuclear and monocyte/macrophage cell lines. Darunavir is also active against most HIV strains resistant to the remaining PIs and the robustness of this drug against the known mechanisms of resistance of HIV is also superior to that of the other available PIs. Consequently, the induction and selection of mutations conferring resistance to this drug may be slower and more difficult, resulting in its antiviral effect remaining unchanged for prolonged periods.

Key words:
Darunavir
Pharmacology
Antiviral activity
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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