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Vol. 28. Núm. S4.
Uso prudente de antimicrobianos
Páginas 50-54 (noviembre 2010)
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Vol. 28. Núm. S4.
Uso prudente de antimicrobianos
Páginas 50-54 (noviembre 2010)
Acceso a texto completo
Las estrategias internacionales y las campañas para promover el uso prudente de los antibióticos en los profesionales y los usuarios
International strategies and campaigns to promote the prudent use of antibiotics by health professionals and patients
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4094
José Campos
Autor para correspondencia
jcampos@isciii.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, María Pérez-Vázquez, Jesús Oteo
Laboratorio de Antibióticos, Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
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Resumen

Instituciones internacionales como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la Unión Europea (UE), el Centro Europeo para la Vigilancia y el Control de las Enfermedades y los Centros para la Vigilancia y el Control de las Enfermedades de Estados Unidos han elaborado distintas estrategias para combatir la emergencia y diseminación de la resistencia antimicrobiana. Entre ellas se encuentran la vigilancia de la resistencia y el consumo, la reducción de la carga de la enfermedad mediante vacunación, las medidas de control de la infección y la educación de ciudadanos y profesionales sanitarios. El conocimiento de la población acerca de los antibióticos suele ser pobre, por lo que las actuaciones educativas dirigidas al público y a los profesionales de la salud forman parte de la mayoría de campañas para reducir el uso inapropiado de antibióticos. Se han celebrado 22 grandes campañas entre 1990 y 2007; en España, se realizaron 2 campañas nacionales en el otoño de 2006 y 2007 con el lema “Uso responsable de antibióticos. Usándolos bien hoy mañana nos protegerán”. La UE y la OMS recomiendan la creación de grupos de trabajo intersectoriales, apoyados por las autoridades, para proponer el desarrollo de planes de acción y estrategias nacionales para afrontar la lucha contra la resistencia antimicrobiana. Para ser más efectivas, las campañas nacionales para el uso prudente de los antibióticos deberían continuarse en el tiempo y realizarse dentro de una estrategia nacional para mejorar el uso de los antimicrobianos.

Palabras clave:
Antimicrobianos
Resistencia
Antibióticos
Campañas
Estrategias
OMS
Abstract

International agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Union (EU), the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have carried out various strategies to fight the emergency and spread of antimicrobial resistance. These strategies include surveillance of resistance and use, reduction of the disease burden through vaccination, and measures to control infection and to educate citizens and health professionals. Understanding of antibiotics among the general population is usually poor, so educational activities directed at the public and at health professionals are parts of the majority of campaigns to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics. From 1990 to 2007, 22 large campaigns have been executed; in Spain, 2 national campaigns were launched in the autumn of 2006 and 2007 with the slogan, “Responsible use of antibiotics. Using them well today will protect us tomorrow”. The EU and the WHO recommend the creation of interdisciplinary work groups, supported by the authorities, to promote the development of action plans and national strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance. To be effective, the national campaigns for prudent use of antibiotics should be continuous and carried out within a national strategy for improving the use of antimicrobials.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial drugs
Resistance
Antibiotics
Campaigns
Strategies
WHOO
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Copyright © 2010. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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