Información del artículo
Resumen
Los carbapenems son los antibióticos β-lactámicos dotados de mayor espectro, actividad y resistencia a las β-lactamasas. Por sus cualidades son imprescindibles en el tratamiento empírico, en monoterapia, de numerosas infecciones nosocomiales graves —incluso algunas de origen comunitario— y en la terapéutica dirigida de las producidas por bacterias gramnegativas multirresistentes. Todos los carbapenems disponibles son similares en cuanto a espectro, aunque con diferencias significativas en la actividad antimicrobiana que, en último término, determinan las indicaciones clínicas de cada carbapenem. Ertapenem no incluye en su espectro a patógenos eminentemente nosocomiales como Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Acinetobacter spp., por lo que está indicado en infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad que precisan ingreso hospitalario. Por el contrario, doripenem muestra más actividad intrínseca que otros carbapenems en enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido y AmpC, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. y otros no fermentadores y anaerobios. Además doripenem, como el resto de los carbapenems, posee unas adecuadas características farmacocinéticas y un perfil de seguridad favorable.
Palabras clave:
Carbapenems
Doripenem
Indicaciones clínicas
Resistencia
Abstract
Carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics endowed with a broader spectrum, activity and resistance to β-lactamases than other β-lactams. Due to their qualities, these antibiotics are crucial in empirical therapy, in the monotherapy of several severe hospital-acquired infections —and even that of some community-acquired infections— as well as in the directed therapy of infections due to multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria. All the available carbapenems have a similar spectrum, although there are significant differences in their antimicrobial activity, which in the long run determines the clinical indications of each carbapenem. The spectrum of ertapenem does not cover eminently nosocomial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., and hence this antibiotic is indicated in community-acquired infections requiring hospital treatment. In contrast, doripenem shows greater intrinsic activity than other carbapenems in extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria and AmpC P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and other non-fermentative and anaerobic microorganisms. Additionally, like the remaining carbapenems, doripenem has adequate pharmacokinetic characteristics and a favorable safety profile.
Keywords:
Carbapenems ;Doripenem
Clinical use
Resistance
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