Información del artículo
La hepatitis crónica C es frecuente en personas infectadas por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), particularmente si se han infectado por vía parenteral (p. ej., consumo de drogas intravenosas o transfusión de hemoderivados). Tiene peor pronóstico en el paciente coinfectado por VIH y virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) que en el monoinfectado por VHC, fundamentalmente por la inmunodepresión que provoca el VIH y probablemente por una acción directa del VIH en el hígado. Aunque los antirretrovirales pueden provocar daño hepático, quedan pocas dudas acerca del beneficio neto que se obtiene con la terapia triple en el coinfectado, pues la supresión de la replicación del VIH y la recuperación inmune contribuyen a frenar el daño hepático. Sin embargo, no todos los antirretrovirales son iguales, y en el paciente coinfectado deben priorizarse los fármacos con menor hepatotoxicidad y mejor perfil metabólico, puesto que la esteatosis hepática acelera la progresión de la fibrosis hepática y la resistencia a la insulina dificulta el éxito del tratamiento con interferón y ribavirina. De los análogos de nucleóspidos, el tenofovir es actualmente uno de los más seguros por tener escasa hepatotoxicidad y no interferir negativamente con el tratamiento de la hepatitis C.
Palabras clave:
Tenofovir
VIH
Hepatitis C
Abacavir
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in HIV-infected individuals, especially if the route of infection is intravenous (e.g. intravenous drug use or blood transfusion). Prognosis is poorer in patients with HCV and HIV coinfection than in those with HCV monoinfection, mainly due to the immunodepression caused by HIV infection and probably also to a direct effect of HIV on the liver. Moreover, although antiretroviral therapy can cause liver damage, there is little doubt about the net benefits obtained with triple therapy in coinfected individuals, since suppression of HIV replication and immune recovery help to halt liver damage. However, not all antiretroviral agents are equal and those with the lowest hepatotoxicity and best metabolic profile should be used in coinfected patients, since hepatic steatosis accelerates progression of hepatic fibrosis and insulin resistance hampers the success of treatment with interferon and ribavirin. Tenofovir is currently one of the safest nucleos(t)ide analogues, due to its low hepatotoxicity and its lack of negative interference on treatment of HCV infection.
Key words:
Tenofovir
HIV
Hepatitis C
Abacavir
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