metricas
covid
Buscar en
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Toda la web
Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica ¿Son iguales todas las combinaciones de análogos?
Información de la revista
Vol. 26. Núm. S8.
Tenofovir DF, una experiencia de más de 5 años
Páginas 38-44 (junio 2008)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 26. Núm. S8.
Tenofovir DF, una experiencia de más de 5 años
Páginas 38-44 (junio 2008)
Acceso a texto completo
¿Son iguales todas las combinaciones de análogos?
Are all analogue combinations equal?
Visitas
2184
Celia Miralles Álvarez
Autor para correspondencia
med000946@saludalia.com

Correspondencia: Consulta de VIH. Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. CHU Xeral-Cíes. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo. Pizarro, 22. 36204 Vigo. Pontevedra. España.
Consulta de VIH. Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. CHU. Xeral-Cíes. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo. Vigo. Pontevedra. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo

La impresionante mejora en el arsenal terapéutico ha hecho real la posibilidad de convivir crónicamente con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Nuestros pacientes, como nosotros, están envejeciendo y su esperanza de vida se aproxima a la de la población de referencia. Por ello se necesitan fármacos seguros, fáciles de tomar, con interacciones controlables y con el menor impacto posible sobre comorbilidades de gran prevalencia, como la aterosclerosis o la coinfección por virus hepatotropos.

Fármacos que se adapten al estilo de vida del paciente sin afectarle en su calidad y libres, sobre todo, de efectos estigmatizantes como la lipoatrofia, que supone hoy una gran preocupación para la mayoría de los pacientes de reciente diagnóstico.

La elección de la pareja análogos de nucleósidos-inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa (ANITI) al inicio del tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) debe sustentarse en la evaluación cuidadosa de los ya muchos datos acumulados acerca de todos estos determinantes que ya están configurando una nueva era en el control de la infección.

Así, en este escenario, los análogos timidínicos han sido relegados a un uso alternativo. Las combinaciones a dosis fijas de tenofovir (TDF) y emtricitabina (FTC) o abacavir (ABC) y lamivudina (3TC) son el «backbone» electivo al iniciar el TAR.

Los datos comparativos directos aún son escasos, pero apuntan a una eficacia virológica similar, con algún dato de desventaja, muy preliminar del ABC/3TC. Aunque, tras excluir a los pacientes con riesgo de hipersensibilidad a ABC, ambos «combos» son muy bien tolerados, el TDF/FTC se asocia a un mejor perfil lipídico. Los recientes datos del DAD que muestran una inesperada asociación del ABC con el incremento del riesgo cardiovascular precisan estudios en profundidad.

Palabras clave:
Tratamiento antirretroviral de inicio
Análogos de la timidina
Abacavir
Tenofovir
Eficacia
Toxicidad

The huge improvement in the therapeutic arsenal for HIV infection has led to HIV becoming a chronic disease. Like us, our patients are aging and their life expectancy is close to that of the general population. Consequently, we need safe, easily administered drugs with interactions that can be controlled and the least possible impact on highly prevalent comorbidities such as atherosclerosis or coinfection with hepatotropic viruses. Drugs should fit the patient's lifestyle without affecting quality of life and, above all, be free of effects leading to stigma, such as lipoatrophy, a major concern for most recently diagnosed patients. The choice of the two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors used at the start of antiretroviral therapy should be based on careful evaluation of the abundant data accumulated on all these determining factors which are heralding a new era in the control of HIV infection. Thus, in this scenario, thymidine analogues have been relegated to alternative use. Fixeddose combinations of tenofovir and emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) or abacavir and lamivudine (ABC/3TC) are the backbone of choice when initiating antiretroviral therapy. Direct comparative data are still scarce but suggest similar virological efficacy, with highly preliminary data suggesting some disadvantages associated with the use of ABC/3TC. After excluding patients at risk of hypersensitivity to ABC, both combinations are well tolerated, but TDF/FTC is associated with a better lipid profile. Recent data from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV drugs (DAD) study show an unexpected association of ABC with increased cardiovascular risk and thus more detailed studies are required.

Key words:
Initial antiretroviral therapy
Thymidine analogues
Abacavir
Tenofovir
Efficacy
Toxicity
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
Services PoAGfAaADoHaH. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. 2008. p. 1-128.
[2.]
EACS. Society EAC. Guidelines for the Clinical Management and Treatment of HIV-infected Adults in Europe; 2007.
[3.]
Sida PdedGyPNse. Recomendaciones de Gesida/Plan Nacional sobre el Sida respecto al tratamiento antirretroviral en adultos infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (actualizada, Ene 2008). 2008.
[4.]
E. Hart, H. Curtis, E. Wilkins, M. Johnson.
National review of first treatment change after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients.
[5.]
G. Birkus, M.J. Hitchcock, T. Cihlar.
Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 46 (2002), pp. 716-723
[6.]
T. Cihlar, G. Birkus, D.E. Greenwalt, M.J. Hitchcock.
Tenofovir exhibits low cytotoxicity in various human cell types: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Antiviral Res, 54 (2002), pp. 37-45
[7.]
J.E. Gallant, S. Staszewski, A.L. Pozniak, E. DeJesús, J.M. Suleiman, M.D. Miller, et al.
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: a 3-year randomized trial.
JAMA, 292 (2004), pp. 191-201
[8.]
I. Cassetti, J.V. Madruga, J.M. Suleiman, A. Etzel, L. Zhong, A.K. Cheng, et al.
The safety and efficacy of tenofovir DF in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz through 6 years in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients.
HIV Clin Trials, 8 (2007), pp. 164-172
[9.]
J.E. Gallant, E. DeJesús, J.R. Arribas, A.L. Pozniak, B. Gazzard, R.E. Campo, et al.
Tenofovir DF, emtricitabine, and efavirenz vs. zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz for HIV.
N Engl J Med, 354 (2006), pp. 251-260
[10.]
J. Arribas, J. Gallant, A. Pozniak, E. DeJesus, R. Campo, S.S. Chen, et al.
Threeyear safety and efficacy of emtricitabine (FT)/tenofovir DF (TDF) and efavirenz (EFV) compared to fixed dose zidovudine/lamivudine (CBV) in antiretroviral treatment-naïve patients.
4th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. 2007,
[11.]
M.F. Graeme Moyle, SWEET Study Group.
Switching from Combivir to Truvada Preserves Limb Fat: Results of a DEXA Sub-Study of a 48-Week Randomized Study.
15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections,
[12.]
E. DeJesús, G. Herrera, E. Teofilo, J. Gerstoft, C.B. Buendia, J.D. Brand, et al.
Abacavir versus zidovudine combined with lamivudine and efavirenz, for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults.
Clin Infect Dis, 39 (2004), pp. 1038-1046
[13.]
D. Podzamczer, E. Ferrer, P. Sánchez, J.M. Gatell, M. Crespo, C. Fisac, et al.
Less lipoatrophy and better lipid profile with abacavir as compared to stavudine: 96-week results of a randomized study.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 44 (2007), pp. 139-147
[14.]
S. Mallal, G. Carosi, E. Phillips, J.M. Molina, C. Workman, J. Tomažič, et al.
PREDICT-1: a novel randomised prospective study to determine the clinical utility of HLA-B*5701 screening to reduce abacavir hypersensitivity in HIV-1 infected subjects (study CNA106030).
4th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention,
[15.]
M. Saag, P. Brachman, et al.
High sensitivity of HLA-B*5701 in whites and blacks in immunologically-confirmed cases of abacavir hypersensitivity.
4th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention,
[16.]
J.E. Gallant, M.A. Parish, J.C. Keruly, R.D. Moore.
Changes in renal function associated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment, compared with nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor treatment.
Clin Infect Dis, 40 (2005), pp. 1194-1198
[17.]
A. Karras, M. Lafaurie, A. Furco, A. Bourgarit, D. Droz, D. Sereni, et al.
Tenofovir-related nephrotoxicity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: three cases of renal failure, Fanconi syndrome, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Clin Infect Dis, 36 (2003), pp. 1070-1073
[18.]
B.P. Kearney, A. Mathias, A. Mittan, J. Sayre, R. Ebrahimi, A.K. Cheng.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on coadministration with lopinavir/ritonavir.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 43 (2006), pp. 278-283
[19.]
J.J. Kiser, M.L. Carten, C.L. Aquilante, P.L. Anderson, P. Wolfe, T.M. King, et al.
The effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on the renal clearance of tenofovir in HIV-infected patients.
Clin Pharmacol Ther, 83 (2008), pp. 265-272
[20.]
A.E. Zimmermann, T. Pizzoferrato, J. Bedford, A. Morris, R. Hoffman, G. Braden.
Tenofovir-associated acute and chronic kidney disease: a case of multiple drug interactions.
Clin Infect Dis, 42 (2006), pp. 283-290
[21.]
J.M. Molina, J. Echevarria, P. Chetchotisakd, J. Corral, N. David, M. Mancini, et al.
Efficacy and safety of once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir compared to twicedaily lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabinein ARV-naive HIV-1-infected subjects: the CASTLE Study, 48-week Results.
15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections,
[22.]
DeJesús E, Khanlou H, Ortiz R, Veronin E, Van Lunzen J, Andrade-Villanueva J, et al, editors. Efficacy and safety of duranavir/ritonavir vs. lopinavir/ritonavir in ARV treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients at week 48: ARTEMIS. Chicago, Illinois. September 17-20, 2007.
[23.]
E. Martínez, D. Podzamczer, J.A. Arranz, E. Ribera, H. Knobel, V. Roca, et al.
Efficacy and safety of NRTI's switch to tenofovir plus emtricitabine (Truvada®) vs. abacavir plus lamivudine (Kivexa®) in patients with virologic suppression receiving a lamivudine containing HAART: the BICOMBO study.
Program and abstracts of the 4th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention,
[24.]
K. Smith, P. Patel, N. Bellos, L. Sloan, P. Lackey, D. Sutherland-Phillips, et al.
Efficacy and safety of abacavir/lamivudine compared to tenofovir/emtricitabine in combination with once-daily lopinavir/ritonavir through 48 weeks in the HEAT Study.
15th CROI. Boston,
[25.]
C. Sabin, R. Weber, W. El-Sadr, P. Reiss, R. Thiebaut, S. DeWit, The D:A:D Study Group, et al.
Do thymidine analogues, abacavir, didanosine and lamivudine contribute to the risk of myocardial infarction? The D:A:D Study.
15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections,
[26.]
Diseases NIAD. NIAID Modifies HIV Antiretroviral Treatment Study Combination Therapy that Includes ABC/3TC Found Less Effective in Subgroup of Antiretroviral-Naïve Individuals. En: Health NI, editor. USA; 2008.
Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos