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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Tenofovir como estrategia para evitar o detener efectos adversos
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Vol. 26. Núm. S8.
Tenofovir DF, una experiencia de más de 5 años
Páginas 19-24 (junio 2008)
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Vol. 26. Núm. S8.
Tenofovir DF, una experiencia de más de 5 años
Páginas 19-24 (junio 2008)
Acceso a texto completo
Tenofovir como estrategia para evitar o detener efectos adversos
Tenofovir as a strategy to avoid or limit adverse effects
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2949
Joaquín Portilla
Autor para correspondencia
portilla_joa@gva.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Pintor Baeza, s/n. 03010 Alicante. España.
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Alicante. España
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Información del artículo

La utilización de los análogos de los nucleósidos, especialmente de los análogos de la timidina, producen una depleción del ADN mitocondrial que es la causa de muchos de los efectos adversos de esta familia de fármacos antirretrovirales, entre ellos de la lipodistrofia. La ausencia de un tratamiento específico de la lipoatrofia y su relación directa con la exposición a estavudina y zidovudina, ha conducido a diferentes autores a explorar la evolución de la lipoatrofia y de otros efectos secundarios del tratamiento antirretroviral tras sustituir el análogo de la timidina por tenofivir DF. Estudios prospectivos observacionales y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que incluyen a más de 2.000 pacientes han demostrado que la sustitución de los análogos de la timidina por tenofovir aumenta la grasa corporal total, sobre todo en la cara y las extremidades, mejora el perfil lipídico y metabólico de los pacientes y eleva los valores de hemoglobina cuando se suspende la zidovudina. Todo ello manteniendo o incluso aumentando la eficacia antiviral e inmunológica del tratamiento antirretroviral. La abundancia de datos científicos que avalan que el cambio de zidovudina o estavudina a tenofovir mejora la lipoatrofia convierte a esta estrategia terapéutica en una recomendación firme del tratamiento antirretroviral.

Palabras clave:
Tenofovir
Análogos de la timidina
Lipoatrofia
Alteraciones metabólicas
Cambio tratamiento antirretroviral

The use of nucleoside analogues, especially that of thymidine analogues, depletes mitochondrial DNA, which is the cause of many of the adverse effects of this family of antiretroviral drugs, among them lipodystrophy. The absence of a specific treatment for lipoatrophy and its direct association with stavudine and zidovudine exposure has led several authors to examine the development of lipoatrophy and of other secondary effects of antiretroviral therapy after substituting a thymidine analogue with tenofovir DF. Prospective observational studies and randomized clinical trials including more than 2000 patients have demonstrated that substituting thymidine with tenofovir increases total body fat, especially in the face and extremities, improves lipid and metabolic profiles in patients, and increases hemoglobin levels when zidovudine is discontinued. These changes are accompanied by maintenance or even an increase of the antiviral and immunological efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. Because of the wealth of scientific data supporting the improvement in lipoatrophy when zidovudine or stavudine are substituted by tenofovir, this strategy can be strongly recommended in antiretroviral therapy.

Key words:
Tenofovir
Lipoatrophy
Thymidine analogues
Metabolic disorders
Switching HAART
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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