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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "435" "paginaFinal" => "438" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Marta Díaz-Navarro, Rama Hafian, María Jesús Pérez-Granda, Emilia Cercenado, Patricia Muñoz, María Guembe" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Marta" "apellidos" => "Díaz-Navarro" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rama" "apellidos" => "Hafian" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "María Jesús" "apellidos" => "Pérez-Granda" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Emilia" "apellidos" => "Cercenado" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Patricia" "apellidos" => "Muñoz" "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 5 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "Guembe" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "maria.guembe@iisgm.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Biology Department, School of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Terapia de sellado de catéteres: ¿reduce la heparina la bioactividad de la dalbavancina cuando están juntas en solución durante congelación?" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1598 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 125780 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Median percentage reduction in log cfu/ml for dalbavancin-heparin and dalbavancin solutions against MRSA during freezing time. (B) Median percentage reduction in metabolic activity for dalbavancin–heparin and dalbavancin solutions against MRSA during freezing time. (C) Median percentage reduction in log cfu/ml for dalbavancin-heparin and dalbavancin solutions against MRSE during freezing time. (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span>) Median percentage reduction in metabolic activity for dalbavancin-heparin and dalbavancin solutions against MRSE during freezing time. DH, dalbavancin-heparin; cfu, colony-forming units; MRSA, methicillin-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span>; MRSE, methicillin-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus epidermidis</span>. The markers correspond to the lower limit of 25% of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> value.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antibiotic lock solutions are indicated in addition to systemic therapy for catheter retention when catheter withdrawal cannot be achieved.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However, as current guidelines for the management of catheter-related bloodstream infections (C-RBSI) are somewhat outdated, they do not provide for the use of new lipoglycopeptides, such as dalbavancin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> We previously assessed the efficacy of a dalbavancin-heparin catheter lock solution against biofilms of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus</span> spp., demonstrating that its bioactivity was at least equal to that of vancomycin and that a 6-month freezing did not negatively affect it.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a> Moreover, we observed no reduction in the efficacy of heparin in combination with dalbavancin before and during a 6-month freezing period.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, we further needed to assessed whether heparin could affect dalbavancin bioactivity during this freezing process of a stored catheter-lock solution.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We applied an in vitro model to evaluate bioactivity of a heparin (60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU)-based dalbavancin (1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml) lock solution vs. a dalbavancin (1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml) lock solution against biofilm of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> ATCC43300 (MRSA) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus epidermidis</span> ATCC35984 (MRSE) before and during a 6-month freezing (ATCC, American Type Culture Collection).</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was performed in the laboratory of a tertiary teaching hospital in Madrid, Spain. We used an in vitro static microplate model as previously described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We used Xydalba® powder for concentrate solution for infusion 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg (Almac Pharma Services Ltd., Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon County Armagh BT63 5UA Reino Unido. Allergan Pharmaceuticals International Ltd., Clonshaugh Business & Technology Park, Dublin 17, D17 E400, Irlanda. Almac Pharma Services, Irlanda. Limited Finnabair Industrial Estate, Dundalk, Co. Louth, A91 P9KD, Irlanda). Xydalba® was reconstituted by slowly adding 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of sterile water for injection and then diluted with 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml (5%) glucose solution. An aseptic technique was used for the reconstitution and dilution of Xydalba®. From the reconstituted vial of Xydalba® (20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml), we prepared a DH solution by transferring 1–18.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of glucose saline 5%<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml heparin sodium (60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU), heparin sodium, 5000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU/5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml; Hospira Prod. Farm. y Hosp, S.L., Spain; and a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> solution by transferring 1–19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of glucose saline 5%. We prepared 3-ml aliquots of each solution and stored them at −70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 6 months.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Frozen lock solutions of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> and DH were thawed at room temperature (30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min) before performing the experiments. Biofilms were tested against lock solutions at baseline before freezing (month 0), and during months 3 and 6 of freezing. Data were expressed as median (IQR) percentage reduction of log cfu/ml counts and metabolic activity.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For quantification of bacterial load, wells were vigorously scraped in 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl of PBS, and the triplicates of each treatment and controls were mixed separately in a pool. Four 1:100 serial dilutions were performed, and 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl of each dilution was plated on blood agar plates and incubated at 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. Colonies of the plates were counted, and the percentage reduction in cfu/well was calculated. Colony counts were expressed as the median (IQR) number of cfu/ml and on a logarithmic scale.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For quantification of metabolic activity, 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl of XTT/menadione (0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml/1.72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml) was mixed in a proportion of 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml/1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl and inoculated in each well protected from light. The plate was then incubated at 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. Absorbance was measured at 492<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm in a spectrophotometer (Biochrom EZ Read 400), and the percentage reduction in metabolic activity was calculated.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quantitative variables are expressed as the median and interquartile range (IQR).</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the comparison between DH and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> solution results, we defined clinical significance when DH values were within 25% of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> values. We arbitrarily choose that 25% cut-off considering it a reasonable value below which there would be no too clinical impact, based on possible oscillations during experimental replications.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also assessed the statistical significance by comparing median (IQR) percentage reduction values in log cfu/ml counts and metabolic activity of DH solution with those values obtained with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> solution at each study periods (months 0, 3, and 6) using the Kruskal–Wallis test.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical significance was set at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05 for all the tests. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA).</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall, considering the clinical criteria, no significant reduction in any of the variables tested was observed at the end of the experiment (month 6) between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> and DH solutions against Staphylococci biofilms (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). DH median values were only below 25% lower limit of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> values at basal experiments (month 0) for percentage reduction in log cfu counts (15.5%<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20.6%) and metabolic activity (47.4%<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>67.1%), and at month 3 for percentage reduction in log cfu counts (9.2%<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17.6%) in MRSA. In MRSE, clinical significance was only observed at basal experiments (month 0) for percentage reduction in log cfu counts (20.1%<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25.7%).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considering the statistical criteria, no differences were statistically significant in any of the experiments, except in the median percentage reduction of metabolic activity at month 3 in MRSE between DH and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> (97.6 vs. 100, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.037) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We demonstrated that heparin (60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UI) does not reduce dalbavancin bioactivity against biofilms of MRSA and MRSE ATCC strains even during a 6-month freezing storage time.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">C-RBSI can be achieved by combining systemic and catheter lock therapies in some circumstances in which catheter must be retained.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6–10</span></a> The current international Guidelines for the Management of Catheter-related infections recommend only vancomycin or cefazolin for the treatment of Gram-positive C-RBSI episodes (BII).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The Clinical Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC) and the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units additionally included teicoplanin and daptomycin (BII).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> However, little is known about dalbavancin to be used for catheter savage attempts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our group previously demonstrated that the efficacy of a heparin-based dalbavancin catheter lock solution against MRSA and MRSE strains was non inferior to vancomycin and that both heparin and dalbavancin remained effective and stable for 7 days in an antimicrobial lock solution at 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, simulating a catheter dwell time of 7 days.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,13–15</span></a> Moreover, as it was required to optimize the dalbavancin intravenous vial with a cost-effective approach, we recently demonstrated that a heparin-based dalbavancin catheter lock solution can be stored at −70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C without seriously affecting its bioactivity against MRSA and MRSE biofilms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> However, it was needed to assess whether, in addition, heparin may affect dalbavancin bioactivity when they are combined in a catheter lock solution both before and after the freezing storage period.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on our results, we consider that no relevant differences occurred between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> and DH solutions against both MRSA and MRSE biofilms regarding percentage reduction of neither log cfu counts nor metabolic activity. In the occasional cases where both statistical and clinical differences were observed between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> and DH solutions, they never occurred at the end time of the study (month 6), which is when they would be considered relevant. So, we found no evidence that DH solution bioactivity was reduced over the shelf life with respect to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> solution.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation of the study is that we only tested our experiments on a single ATCC strain of each specie. In addition, bioactivity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> and DH was indirectly calculated by assessing percentage reduction of log cfu counts and metabolic activity of 24-h formed biofilms.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Heparin does not negatively affect dalbavancin bioactivity against staphylococcal biofilms when they are combined in a catheter lock solution frozen up to 6 months. Our supports should be validated in a large sample size and in other species, such as Enterococci.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Ethics approval and consent to participate</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not applicable.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Consent for publication</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not applicable.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Availability of data and material</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data sharing is not applicable to this article, as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding source</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M. Guembe is supported by the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Miguel Servet Program</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">ISCIII-MICINN</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">MS18/00008</span>) of the Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. M. Díaz-Navarro is supported by <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2">ISCIII</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs2">FI22/00022</span>). The study was partially financed by grants from the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs3">ISCIII</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs3">PI21/00344</span>), the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs4">Fundación Mutua Madrileña</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs4">FMM21/01</span>), <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs5">IiSGM</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs5">2022-PI-II-COOPTR-01</span>), and the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs6">European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “A way of making Europe”</span>.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflicts of interests</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2261504" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1888115" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2261505" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1888114" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Ethics approval and consent to participate" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Consent for publication" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Availability of data and material" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Funding source" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interests" ] 14 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2023-11-24" "fechaAceptado" => "2024-02-06" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1888115" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Dalbavancin" 1 => "Biofilms" 2 => "Lock therapy" 3 => "Heparin" 4 => "Bioactivity" 5 => "Freezing" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1888114" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Dalbavancina" 1 => "Biopelículas" 2 => "Terapia de sellado" 3 => "Heparina" 4 => "Bioactividad" 5 => "Congelación" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The possible use of dalbavancin as a catheter lock solution was previously demonstrated by our study group. However, it was needed to assess whether heparin could affect dalbavancin bioactivity during freezing storage.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We tested the bioactivity of a dalbavancin<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>heparin (DH) vs. dalbavancin (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span>) against Staphylococcal biofilms comparing DH median value of cfu counts and metabolic activity with that obtained for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> before and during storage under freezing up to 6 months.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Despite there was a slight decrease in the median percentage reduction of metabolic activity at month 3 in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus epidermidis</span> between DH and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> (97.6 vs. 100, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.037), considering the clinical criteria, no significant reduction in any of the variables tested was observed at the end of the experiment between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> and DH solutions.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The addition of heparin to a dalbavancin lock solution did not affect its bioactivity against staphylococcal biofilms irrespective of its preservation time under freezing.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro grupo de estudio previamente demostró el posible uso de la dalbavancina (D) como solución de sellado de catéteres. Sin embargo, era necesario evaluar si la heparina (DH) podía afectar a la bioactividad de la D durante el almacenamiento por congelación.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se comprobó la bioactividad de una solución de D<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">+</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DH vs. D frente a biopelículas de estafilococos comparando el valor medio de recuentos de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) y actividad metabólica de la DH con el obtenido para la D antes y durante su conservación bajo congelación hasta seis meses.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A pesar de que se observó una ligera disminución en la mediana del porcentaje de reducción de la actividad metabólica en el mes tres en <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus epidermidis</span> entre DH y D (97,6 vs. 100, p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,037), teniendo en cuenta los criterios clínicos, no se observó una reducción significativa en ninguna de las variables analizadas al final del experimento entre las soluciones D y DH.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La adición de DH a una solución de sellado de D no afectó a su bioactividad frente a biopelículas estafilocócicas, independientemente de su tiempo de conservación bajo congelación.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1598 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 125780 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Median percentage reduction in log cfu/ml for dalbavancin-heparin and dalbavancin solutions against MRSA during freezing time. (B) Median percentage reduction in metabolic activity for dalbavancin–heparin and dalbavancin solutions against MRSA during freezing time. (C) Median percentage reduction in log cfu/ml for dalbavancin-heparin and dalbavancin solutions against MRSE during freezing time. (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span>) Median percentage reduction in metabolic activity for dalbavancin-heparin and dalbavancin solutions against MRSE during freezing time. DH, dalbavancin-heparin; cfu, colony-forming units; MRSA, methicillin-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span>; MRSE, methicillin-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus epidermidis</span>. The markers correspond to the lower limit of 25% of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> value.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SD, standard deviation; MRSA, methicillin-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span>; MRSE, methicillin-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus epidermidis</span>; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span>, dalbavancin; DH, dalbavancin-heparin; cfu, colony-forming units.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DH<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">25% lower limit of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MRSA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median (IQR) % reduction in log cfu/ml</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.5 (27.2–27.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">15.5 (15.4–15.5)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.050 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.5 (23.4–23.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">9.2 (8.4–9.2)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.050 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.7 (11.3–11.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.5 (11.6–12.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.275 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median (IQR) % reduction in XTT</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72.3 (0.0–72.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">47.4 (35.9–47.4)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.827 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.9 (84.1–84.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73.9 (70.5–73.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.050 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90.2 (79.8–90.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70.1 (62.8–70.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.050 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3678486.png" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MRSE</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median (IQR) % reduction in log cfu/ml</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34.3 (33.9–34.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">20.1 (19.9–20.1)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.050 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.6 (27.2–27.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29.0 (28.9–29.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.050 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.5 (15.4–15.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.0 (12.8–13.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.050 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median (IQR) % reduction in XTT</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">96.3 (80.0–96.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 (100–100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.121 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 (100–100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97.6 (96.0–97.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.037 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92.3 (62.8–92.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80.8 (73.9–80.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.513 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3678485.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Values in bold corresponded to DH values that were under the 25% lower limit of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D</span> values (clinical significance).</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Median (IQR) percentage reduction in log cfu/ml and metabolic activity for dalbavancin alone and dalbavancin-heparin against MRSA and MRSE biofilms during freezing.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular 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Brief report
Addressing catheter lock therapy: Does heparin reduce the bioactivity of dalbavancin when together in solution during freezing?
Terapia de sellado de catéteres: ¿reduce la heparina la bioactividad de la dalbavancina cuando están juntas en solución durante congelación?
Marta Díaz-Navarroa,b, Rama Hafianc, María Jesús Pérez-Grandaa,b,d, Emilia Cercenadoa,e, Patricia Muñoza,b,d,e, María Guembea,b,
Autor para correspondencia
a Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
c Biology Department, School of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
d CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
e Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain