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Vol. 102. Núm. 4.
Páginas 81-88 (enero 2004)
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Vol. 102. Núm. 4.
Páginas 81-88 (enero 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Aplicación de la Resonancia Magnética en el diagnóstico de la patologia vascular arterial: Angio-Resonancia
Magnetic Resonance imaging for the diagnosis of arterial vascular diseases: Mr Angiography
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9357
Ana Capalastegui
Autor para correspondencia
acapelastegui@osatek.es

Correspondencia: Ana Capelastegui. OSATEK, S.A. Unidad de Galdakao. Hospital de Galdakao. Barrio Labeaga s/n. 48960, Galdakao. Bizkaia. España UE.
, Elena Astigarraga, José Alejandro Larena
Osatek, S.A. Unidad de Galdakao. Hospital de Galdakao. Galdakao. Bizkaia. España UE.
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Resumen

La obtención de imágenes arteriográficas mediante Resonancia Magnética.(Angio-Resonancia) es una técnica consolidada y con evidencia científica que la avala como alternativa no invasiva a la arteriografía convencional por catéter. Presenta además ventajas frente a la ecografía doppler (obtención de imágenes arteriográficas) y la arteriografía por TAC (ausencia de radiación ionizante y contrastes con un perfil más seguro), y en muchos casos aporta información adicional, de tipo anatómico o funcional. Los avances técnicos en los equipos de Resonancia en los últimos años han conseguido que estas exploraciones sean competitivas, si bien para conseguir un resultado óptimo, es importante disponer de medios técnicos y humanos adecuados, Presentamos en este artículo una revisión de las principales aplicaciones de la Angio-Resonancia en la vasculatrura intracraneal, troncos supraórticos, aorta, arterias renales, extremidades inferiores, arterias pulmonares, y otras ramas aórticas. En estos momentos, sus principales limitaciones son la menor resolución espacial (aspecto importante en territorios como las arterias pulmonares, coronarias o los vasos de pequeño calibre intrcraneales), la menor disponibilidad y sus contraindicaciones. Al ser una técnica en constante evolución, es previsible un uso creciente en la patología vascular, limitando la arteriografía convencional a un papel intervencionista.

Palabras clave:
resonancia magnética
diagnóstico
angioresonancia
patología vascular arterial
Abstract

Obtention of arteriographic images by means of Magnetic Resonance (Magnetic Resonance Angiography) is a robust technique, and scientific evidence recommends its use as a non invasive alternative to conventional catheter arteriography. In addition, it has some advantages comparing to doppler sonography (obtention of arteriographic images) and CT angiography (lack of ionising radiation and use of safer contrast media), and in many cases provides additional information, morphologic or functional. Technical advances in Magnetic Resonance systems over the last years have made this examination competitive, although obtaining an optimal result requires appropriate technical and human resources. In this article we present a review of the clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Angiograpy in intracranial vasculature, supraortic trunks, aorta, renal arteries, inferior extremities, pulmonary arteries and other aortic vessels. At this time, main disadvantages include lower spatial resolution (important question in territories such as pulmonary and coronary arteries, and small intracranial vessels), less availability and contraindications to the technique. As this technique is continuously evolving, it is feasible to see a growing use in vascular diseases, reserving conventional arteriography to interventional procedures.

Key words:
magnetic resonance
diagnosis
magnetic resonance angiograpy
arterial vascular disease
Laburpena

Erresonantzia Magnetikoa edo Angio-erresonantziaren bitartez irudi arteriografikoak eskuratzea dagoeneko egonkorturik dagoen teknika da. Zientziaren alorrak egiaztatu duen bezala, kateter bidezko ohiko arteriografiaz gainera egun daukagun beste aukera bat da, inolako kalterik eragiten ez duena, gainera. Doppler ekografiarekin (irudi arteriografikoak eskuratzeko teknika) eta OTA bidezko arteriografiarekin erkatuz gero, abantaila handiak eskaintzen ditu. Askotan, anatomiari edo funtzionaltasunari begirako informazio gehigarria ematen du. Azken urteotan erresonantzia-ekipoetan aurrerapen tekniko ugari izan direnez, azterketa horiek oso lehiakorrak dira gaur egun; alabaina, emaitza ezin hobea erdiesteko, ezinbestekoa da bitarteko tekniko eta giza bitarteko egokiak izatea. Honako artikulu honetan, beraz, Angioerresonantziaren aplikazio nagusiak gainbegiratuko ditugu: garezur barneko basoetan, enbor supraortikoetan, aortan, giltzurrunetako arterietan, beheko gorputz-adarretan, birika-arterietan eta beste adar aortiko batzuetan, hain zuzen. Une honetan, azterketa mota honek baditu bere mugak: espazio-bereizmen txikiagoa dauka (eta ezaugarri hori oso garrantzitsua da birika-arterietan, arteria koronarioetan edo garezur barneko baso txikietan azterketa egiteko), erabilia izateko prestasun txikiagoa dauka eta kontraindikazio dezente ditu. Etengabe bilakaeran dagoen teknika denez, baso-patologian gero eta gehiago erabiliko dela aurreikusten da; hartara, ohiko arteriografiak rol interbentzionista baino ez du izango.

Giltza hitzak:
Erresonantzia magnetikoa
Diagnostikoa
Angio-erresonantzia
Arterietako Baso-patologia
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