metricas
covid
Buscar en
Gastroenterología y Hepatología
Toda la web
Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Enfermedades relacionadas con Helicobacter pylori: dispepsia, úlcera y cáncer ...
Información de la revista
Vol. 31. Núm. S4.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Páginas 18-28 (octubre 2008)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 31. Núm. S4.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Páginas 18-28 (octubre 2008)
Jornada de actualización en gastroenterología aplicada
Acceso a texto completo
Enfermedades relacionadas con Helicobacter pylori: dispepsia, úlcera y cáncer gástrico
Visitas
2885
Javier P. Gisbert
Autor para correspondencia
gisbert@meditex.es

Correspondencia: Playa de Mojácar, 29. Urb. Bonanza. 28669 Boadilla del Monte. Madrid. España.
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD). Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

A continuación se resumen las principales conclusiones derivadas de las comunicaciones presentadas este año en la DDW relacionadas con la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Diferentes cepas de H. pylori infectan con frecuencia a un mismo paciente, por lo que las muestras para cultivo deberían obtenerse del antro y del cuerpo gástrico. La estrategia test and treat en la dispepsia es tan efectiva como el tratamiento empírico antisecretor y probablemente sea más barato. El beneficio del tratamiento erradicador en los pacientes con dispepsia no investigada, aunque de escasa magnitud, parece ser duradero. Parece que la eliminación de H. pylori en la población general reduce la aparición de síntomas dispépticos a largo plazo, por lo que podría ser coste-efectiva. La prevalencia de infección por H. pylori en la úlcera péptica está descendiendo y la frecuencia de úlceras idiopáticas está aumentando. Las úlceras sangrantes H. pylori negativas tienen una alta probabilidad de recidiva hemorrágica, por lo que los pacientes deben recibir antisecretores de mantenimiento. Eliminar H. pylori reduce la incidencia de adenocarcinoma gástrico, lo que podría justificar una estrategia de cribado y tratamiento de la infección en la población general en áreas de alto riesgo. En los pacientes sometidos a una resección mucosa endoscópica de un cáncer gástrico precoz debe eliminarse la infección por H. pylori. Para prevenir el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico, el tratamiento erradicador debería aplicarse precozmente, antes de que aparezca atrofia gástrica. El pronóstico de los linfomas gástricos H. pylori negativos es tan favorable como el de los H. pylori positivos. Se han desarrollado nuevas técnicas diagnósticas: un test de la ureasa ultrarrápido, una prueba del aliento con 14C-urea más sencilla y un método de ELISA para determinar rápidamente la susceptibilidad bacteriana. En los pacientes con hemorragia digestiva, la prueba del aliento con 13C-urea realizada inmediatamente después de la gastroscopia urgente permite diagnosticar precozmente la infección. Las pautas de erradicación con dosis dobles de inhibidores de la bomba de protones son más eficaces que con dosis estándar. La terapia secuencial es más efectiva y barata que la triple terapia clásica, aunque el beneficio de administrar la terapia secuencialmente en lugar de concomitantemente no está establecido. En los pacientes alérgicos a la penicilina, una combinación con levofloxacino y claritromicina representa una prometedora alternativa de rescate. El tratamiento de rescate de segunda línea con levofloxacino es eficaz, y además es más sencillo y se tolera mejor que la cuádruple terapia. La tasa de resistencia a las quinolonas está aumentando como consecuencia del empleo generalizado de estos antibióticos. El tratamiento de tercera línea con levofloxacino también es una prometedora alternativa. Incluso tras el fracaso de tres tratamientos previos, una cuarta terapia de rescate empírica (con levofloxacino o con rifabutina) puede ser efectiva en más de la mitad de los casos. La tasa anual de recurrencia de la infección por H. pylori es de aproximadamente el 3% en los países desarrollados y superior al 10% en los países en vías de desarrollo.

Palabras clave:
Helicobacter pylori
Úlcera péptica
Hemorragia digestiva
Dispepsia
Linfoma gástrico
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento
Abstract

The main conclusions drawn from the presentations related to Helicobacter pylori at Digestive Diseases Week 2008 are summarized. Several strains of H. pylori frequently infect the same patient, and consequently samples for culture should be obtained from the gastric antrum and body. The test-and-treat strategy in dyspepsia is as effective as empirical antisecretory therapy and is probably cheaper. The benefit of eradication therapy in patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia, although small, seems to be lasting. Eradication in the general population seems to reduce the development of dyspeptic symptoms in the long term and consequently could be cost-effective. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in peptic ulcer is decreasing and the frequency of idiopathic ulcers is increasing. Patients with H. pylori-negative bleeding ulcers have a high probability of hemorrhagic recurrence and should therefore receive maintenance antisecretory therapy. H. pylori eradication reduces the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma, which could warrant a screening and treatment strategy for this infection in the general population in high risk areas. H. pylori infection should be eradicated in patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer. To prevent the development of gastric cancer, eradication therapy should be administered early, before gastric atrophy develops. H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-positive gastric lymphomas have an equally favorable prognosis. New diagnostic techniques have been developed: the ultra-rapid urease test, a simpler 14C-urea breath test, and an ELISA method for rapid bacterial susceptibility determination. In patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, the 13C-urea breath test performed immediately after emergency gastroscopy allows early diagnosis of infection. Eradication regimens with double doses of proton pump inhibitors are more effective than those with standard doses. “Sequential” therapy is more effective and cheaper than classical triple-drug therapy, although the superiority of administering therapy sequentially rather than concomitantly has not been established. In penicillin-allergic patients, a combination with levofloxacin and clarithromycin is a promising alternative in rescue therapy. Second-line rescue therapy with levofloxacin is effective and is also simpler and better tolerated than quadruple-drug therapy. The rate of quinolone resistance is increasing as a result of the widespread use of these antibiotics.

Third-line treatment with levofloxacin is also a promising alternative. Even after the failure of three previous treatments, a fourth empirical rescue therapy (with levofloxacin or rifabutin) can be effective in more than half of patients. The annual recurrence rate of H. pylori infection is approximately 3% in developed countries and is higher than 10% in developing countries.

Key words:
Helicobacter pylori
peptic ulcer
gastrointestinal bleeding
dyspepsia
gastric lymphoma
diagnosis
treatment
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
S. Abid, J. Yakoob, W. Jafri, K. Mumtaz, N. Jafri, Z. Abbas, et al.
High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infections by multiple strains in patients with dyspepsia from a developing country.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. W1078
[2.]
M. Amitrano, M. Spezzaferro, F. Sacco, M. Serio, B. Cerasa, L. Grossi, et al.
H. pylori isolates from proximal and distal stomach of patients with H. pylori infection exhibit resistance and sensitivity to the SAME antibiotic.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1087
[3.]
B.C. Delaney, P. Moayyedi, D. Forman.
Initial management strategies for dyspepsia.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (2003),
[4.]
A.C. Ford, P. Moayyedi, R.F. Logan, M. Qume, B.C. Delaney.
Empirical proton pump inhibitor therapy or Helicobacter pylori “test and treat” in the initial management of dyspepsia? An individual patient data meta-analysis.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. 962
[5.]
Y. Yamazaki, I. Yoshida, A. Yamakawa, H. Matsuda, T. Ohno, R. Masaki, et al.
The long-term effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on dyspepsia symptoms in industrial workers in Japan.
[6.]
J.A. Lane, R.F. Harvey, L.J. Murray, M. Egger, I. Harvey, P. Nair, et al.
Effect of a community screening and eradication program for Helicobacter pylori infection on consultations for dyspepsia: seven year follow-up of the Bristol Helicobacter Project.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. 960
[7.]
J.P. Gisbert, M. Blanco, J.M. Mateos, L. Fernandez-Salazar, M. Fernandez-Bermejo, J. Cantero, et al.
H. pylori-negative duodenal ulcer prevalence and causes in 774 patients.
Dig Dis Sci, 44 (1999), pp. 2295-2302
[8.]
A. Yazici, F. Akyuz, H. Issever, B. Pinarbasi, K. Demir, S. Ozdil, et al.
Peptic ulcer disease: what did change in Turkey?.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1056
[9.]
J.P. Gisbert, C. Esteban, I. Jimenez, R. Moreno-Otero.
13C-urea breath test during hospitalization for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcer bleeding.
Helicobacter, 12 (2007), pp. 231-237
[10.]
Y. Du, Z. Li, P. Diao.
The relationship between H. pylori negative peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding:a prospective multicenter case-control study in China.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. W1913
[11.]
G. Wong, J. Ching, Y. Chan, F.K.L. Chan.
Long-term outcome of Helicobacter pylori-negative idiopathic bleeding ulcers: A 7-year prospective cohort study.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. 528
[12.]
R.M. Genta, C.M. Schuler, R.H. Lash.
Helicobacter pylori-negative chronic active gastritis: a new entity or the result of widespread acid inhibition?.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. 858
[13.]
L. Zhou.
Ten-year follow-up study on the incidence of gastric cancer and the pathological changes of gastric mucosa after H. pylori eradication in China.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. S1606
[14.]
P. Moayyedi, R.H. Hunt, A.C. Ford, N.J. Talley, D. Forman.
Helicobacter pylori eradication reduces the incidence of gastric cancer: results of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. W1093
[15.]
K.M. Fock, N. Talley, P. Moayyedi, R. Hunt, T. Azuma, K. Sugano, et al.
Asia-Pacific consensus guidelines on gastric cancer prevention.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 23 (2008), pp. 351-365
[16.]
K. Fukase, M. Kato, S. Kikuchi, M. Asaka.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori for the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. 989
[17.]
B.C. Wong, S.K. Lam, W.M. Wong, J.S. Chen, T.T. Zheng, R.E. Feng, et al.
Helicobacter pylori eradication to prevent gastric cancer in a high-risk region of China: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 291 (2004), pp. 187-194
[18.]
A. Shiotani, N. Uedo, T. Kamada, H. Lishi, M. Tatsuta, M. Fujita, et al.
Prospective analysis of metachronous early gastric cancer in high risk patients after H. pylori eradication.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. T2067
[19.]
L.M. Asenjo, J.P. Gisbert.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric MALT lymphoma: a systematic review.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 99 (2007), pp. 398-404
[20.]
S.J. Chung, J.S. Kim, H. Kim, S.G. Kim, H.C. Jung, I.S. Song.
Longterm clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is comparable to that of H. pylori-positive lymphoma.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. S2013
[21.]
F. Perna, I.M. Saracino, C. Ricci, D. Vaira.
1 minute urea ultrafasttest for Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) diagnosis.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1057
[22.]
D.J. Kearney, J.V. Brown-Chang.
Evaluation of a rapid 14C desktop analyzer for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.
[23.]
T.J. Borody, A.R. Wettstein, J. Campbell, M. Torres, L.A. Hills, K.J. Herdman, et al.
Rapid and superior diagnosis of H. pylori infection by 14C-Urea HeliprobeTM test versus the Pytest®.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1060
[24.]
D. Vaira, F. Perna.
A 20 hours ELISA method chemosusceptibility rapid test for Helicobacter pylori.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. 141
[25.]
S.K. Teh, W. Zheng, K.Y. Ho, M. Teh, K.G. Yeoh, Z. Huang.
Near-infrared raman spectroscopy for early diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. T1851
[26.]
J.P. Gisbert, V. Abraira.
Accuracy of Helicobacter pylori diagnostic tests in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Am J Gastroenterol, 101 (2006), pp. 848-863
[27.]
B. Velayos, L. Fernandez, A. Almaraz, R. Aller, L. Olmo, F. Calle, et al.
Validation in the usual practice of a simultaneous urea breath test during the urgent gastroscopy in the peptic bleeding.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. T1673
[28.]
T. Kawai, T. Yamagishi, K. Yagi, M. Kataoka, K. Kawakami, A. Sofuni, et al.
Low efficacy of PPI/AC therapy for H. pylori-eradication in Japan.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. W1048
[29.]
M. Sugimoto, T. Furuta, C. Kodaira, M. Nishino, M. Yamade, M. Ikuma, et al.
The degree and duration of acid suppression during treatment is related to Helicobacter pylori eradication by triple therapy.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1068
[30.]
A. Villoria, X. Calvet, P. Garcia, J.P. Gisbert, V.P. Diví.
High dose vs. standard dose proton pump inhibitor triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. A meta-analysis.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1096
[31.]
V. Mahachai, S. Treeprasertsuk, R.k. Vilaichone.
Bismuth-based quadruple therapy is effective in high metronidazole resistance area.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. W1049
[32.]
D. Vaira, A. Zullo, N. Vakil, L. Gatta, C. Ricci, F. Perna, et al.
Sequential therapy versus standard triple-drug therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized trial.
Ann Intern Med, 146 (2007), pp. 556-563
[33.]
O.A. Paoluzi, E. Visconti, F. Andrei, C. Tosti, M. Erboso, R.T. Lionetti, et al.
Sequential regimens have greater efficacy and better tolerability than standard triple therapy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1065
[34.]
L. Gatta, D. Vaira, N. Vakil.
Ten-day sequential therapy is superior to triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1091
[35.]
N. Vakil, A. Zullo, C. Ricci, D. Vaira.
Economic analysis and outcomes of 10-day sequential therapy compared to 10-day triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. W1032
[36.]
J.R. Ruiz-Obaldía, E.G. Torrazza, N.O. Carreno.
Helicobacter pylori eradication with either conventional 10-day triple therapy or 10-day modified sequential regimen (preliminary report).
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. 138
[37.]
G. Treiber.
Non-sequential quadruple therapy as a forgotten alternative for Helicobacter pylori eradication –A systematic review of available data.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1086
[38.]
D.C. Wu, P.I. Hsu, J.Y. Wu, A.R. Opekun, D.Y. Graham.
Randomized controlled comparison of sequential and quadruple (concomitant) therapies for H. pylori infection.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. 137
[39.]
T.M. Nam, D.H. Lee, N. Kim, S.H. Jeong, J.W. Kim, J.H. Hwang, et al.
The efficacy of adding sofalcone to one-week, low-dose triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with chronic gastritis.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1077
[40.]
J. Lachter, Y. Yampolsky, R. Eliakim.
Tremella mesenterium (yellow brain mushroom) 10-day therapy is not effective for eradication of Helicobacter pylori; a prospective controlled trial.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1080
[41.]
J.P. Gisbert, M.C. Fernandez, A.P. Aisa, L. Rodrigo, J. Barrio, J.L. Gisbert, et al.
Helicobacter pylori first-line treatment and rescue option in patients allergic to penicillin.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1076
[42.]
J.P. Gisbert, X. Calvet, F. Gomollon, J. Mones.
Eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori. [Recommendations of the II Spanish Consensus Conference].
Med Clin (Barc), 125 (2005), pp. 301-316
[43.]
J.P. Gisbert, F. Morena.
Systematic review and meta-analysis: levofloxacin-based rescue regimens after Helicobacter pylori treatment failure.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 23 (2006), pp. 35-44
[44.]
J.P. Gisbert.
Second-line rescue therapy with levofloxacin after H. pylori treatment failure. A Spanish multicenter study.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1075
[45.]
H. Miyachi, I. Miki, D. Shirasaka, Y. Matsumoto, S. Mizuno, T. Azuma, et al.
In vitro activityies of levofloxacin and seven other fluorquinolones against clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori with or without gyra mutations: What regimen is a promising eradication therapy in the next generation?.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1067
[46.]
J.M. Kang, N. Kim, D.H. Lee, Y.S. Park, Y.R. Kim, J.S. Kim, et al.
Second-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection: 10-day moxifloxacin-based triple therapy vs. 2-week quadruple therapy.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1066
[47.]
J.G. Kim, S.Y. Rhie, K.S. Kim, B.J. Park, J.W. Kim, S.M. Park.
Fluoroquinolone resistance rate and resistance mechanism in Helicobacter pylori strains from Korean patients.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1082
[48.]
J.P. Gisbert.
Third-line levofloxacin-based rescue regimen in patients with two H. pylori eradication failures: A Spanish multicenter study.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1074
[49.]
I. Miki, H. Miyachi, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Morita, M. Yoshida, T. Tamura, et al.
Clinical role of Gyra mutations in 7- and 10-day PPI-levofloxacin-amoxicillin regimens for refractory Helicobacter pylori infection to standard therapy.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1083
[50.]
P.I. Hsu, D.C. Wu.
Levofloxacin- and amoxcillin-based quadruple therapy for the third-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1093
[51.]
J.P. Gisbert, M. Castro-Fernandez, E. Lamas, A. Perez-Aisa, J.L. Cabriada, L. Rodrigo, et al.
Fourth-line rescue therapy in patients with three H. pylori eradication failures.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1073
[52.]
J.P. Gisbert, J.M. Pajares.
Helicobacter pylori “rescue” therapy after failure of two eradication treatments.
Helicobacter, 10 (2005), pp. 363-372
[53.]
T. Rokkas, P. Sechopoulos, I. Robotis, G. Margantinis, D. Pistiolas.
What cumulative H. pylori eradication rates can be achieved in clinical practice by adopting first, second and third line regimens proposed by the Maastricht III Consensus?.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. 941
[54.]
J.P. Gisbert, J.L. Gisbert, E. Marcos, I.J. Alonso, A.G. McNicholl, R. Moreno-Otero, et al.
Empirical rescue therapy after H. pylori Treatment Failure. A 10-Year Single Center Study of 500 Patients.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1095
[55.]
Y. Niv, R. Hazazi.
Helicobacter pylori recurrence in developed and developing countries: meta-analysis of 13c-urea breath test follow-up after eradication.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1058
[56.]
J.P. Gisbert, B. Gómez, J. Monés, M. Castro-Fernández, P. Sánchez-Pobre, A. Cosme, et al.
Recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection: 3650 patient-years follow-up study [carta].
[57.]
S. DuBois, D.J. Kearney.
Iron-deficiency anemia and Helicobacter pylori infection: a review of the evidence.
Am J Gastroenterol, 100 (2005), pp. 453-459
[58.]
P. Malfertheiner, F. Megraud, C. O’Morain, F. Bazzoli, E. El-Omar, D. Graham, et al.
Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht III Consensus Report.
[59.]
W.D. Chey, B.C. Wong.
American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Am J Gastroenterol, 102 (2007), pp. 1808-1825
[60.]
N. Mehta, B. James, N. Edison, J.D. Baltodano, V. Kaul, U.K. Murthy.
Helicobacter pylori infection is not associated with iron deficiency in adults.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1062
[61.]
T. Gunji, N. Matsuhashi.
Helicobacter pylori infection has a significant influence on metabolic syndrome in the Japanese male population.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. S1334
[62.]
M. Khaled.
From intra- to extra-gastric role of Helicobacter pylori: Implications on metabolic syndromes.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. W1038
[63.]
N. Salles, A. Jehanno, A. Buissonniere, L. Letenneur, J.F. Dartigues, F. Megraud.
Does Helicobacter pylori infection impact on life expectancy ?.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. M1061
[64.]
K. Ito, S. Abudayyeh, F.H. Tabassam, D.Y. Graham, H.H. El-Zimaity.
pylori and ageing.
Gastroenterology, 134 (2008), pp. T1825
Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos