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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Factores predictivos de mortalidad de la hemorragia digestiva por varices esofá...
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Vol. 24. Núm. 2.
Páginas 51-55 (enero 2001)
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Vol. 24. Núm. 2.
Páginas 51-55 (enero 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Factores predictivos de mortalidad de la hemorragia digestiva por varices esofágicas en pacientes ancianos
Predictors of mortality in esophageal variceal bleeding in elderly patients
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B. Piqueras, R. Bañares
Autor para correspondencia
Banares@inicio.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Hemodinámica Hepática. Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Dr. Esquerdo, 46. 28007 Madrid.
, D. Rincón, A. Matilla, M. Casado, M. Salcedo, S. Alonso, J. Vaquero
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
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Resumen

Las complicaciones de la cirrosis hepática son cada vez más frecuentes en pacientes ancianos, como consecuencia del incremento en la esperanza de vida y del mejor control de los pacientes cirróticos. Sin embargo, la influencia de esta condición sobre la evolución de la hemorragia por varices no está bien establecida. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las características de la hemorragia por varices esofagogástricas en el paciente anciano y la posible influencia de la ancianidad sobre la mortalidad relacionada con la hemorragia. Se analizaron 321 episodios de hemorragia por varices en 227 pacientes cirróticos. Se produjeron 113 episodios (35,2%) en pacientes mayores de 65 años. No hubo diferencias entre mayores y menores de esta edad en cuanto a las características de la hemorragia ni al grado de Child-Pugh. Los pacientes de más de 65 años presentaron de forma más frecuente enfermedades graves asociadas, carcinoma hepatocelular y encefalopatía hepática durante el episodio (52,7% frente a 14%, p < 0,001; 19,7% frente a 8,7%, p = 0,01, y 17,4% frente a 10%, p = 0,09, respectivamente). Aunque la mortalidad en relación con la hemorragia fue superior en pacientes ancianos (23,2% frente a 13,5%, p = 0,04), sólo la puntuación de Child-Pugh, la hemostasia definitiva, el carcinoma hepatocelular y la aparición de encefalopatía o infección bacteriana fueron factores predictivos independientes de mortalidad. Los enfermos de más de 65 años constituyen una proporción importante de los pacientes con hemorragia por varices esofagogástricas. La condición de anciano no influye de manera independiente en la mortalidad de la hemorragia por varices.

Abstract

Complications of liver cirrhosis are increasingly frequent in elderly patients due to increased life expectancy and better management of cirrhotic patients. However, the influence of this condition on the evolution of variceal bleeding has not been well established. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in elderly patients and the possible influence of advanced age on hemorrhage-related mortality. We analyzed 321 episodes of variceal bleeding in 227 cirrhotic patients. One hundred and thirteen (35.2%) episodes occurred in patients older than 65 years. No differences were found among patients older or younger than this age in terms of bleeding characteristics or Child-Pugh score. Patients older than 65 years more frequently presented serious associated diseases, hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic encephalopathy during the episode (52.7% vs. 14%, p < 0.001; 19.7% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.01 and 17.4% vs. 10%, p = 0.09 respectively). Although hemorrhage-related mortality was higher in elderly patients (23.2% vs. 13.5%, p = 0.04), only the Child- Pugh score, definitive hemostasia, hepatocellular carcinoma and the development of encephalopathy or bacterial infection were independent predictive factors of mortality. A considerable proportion of the patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding were older than 65 years. Advanced age does not independently influence mortality due to variceal bleeding.

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Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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