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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Tumores pancreáticos
Información de la revista
Vol. 31. Núm. S4.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Páginas 83-92 (octubre 2008)
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Vol. 31. Núm. S4.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Páginas 83-92 (octubre 2008)
Jornada de actualización en gastroenterología aplicada
Acceso a texto completo
Tumores pancreáticos
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4544
Julio Iglesias-García
Autor para correspondencia
jiglesiasg@fienad.com

Correspondencia: Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. Choupana, s/n. 15706 Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña. España.
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña. España
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Resumen

El cáncer de páncreas es uno de los tumores de manejo más complejo en relación con su mal pronóstico. Desde el punto de vista etiopatogénico, se ha puesto en relación con diversas afecciones, como la diabetes mellitus, el tabaco y el alcohol, lesiones quísticas pancreáticas, y diferentes síndromes genéticos. Entre las opciones diagnósticas, continúa el desarrollo de la ultrasonografía endoscópica (USE), con la aplicación de la elastografía o el empleo de contrastes, y de la punción guiada por USE, aplicando nuevas mejoras técnicas que permiten mejorar su eficacia diagnóstica (como tinciones específicas, nuevas agujas de punción, etc.). También se intenta buscar nuevos biomarcadores que ayuden en el diagnóstico diferencial, como el M2PK, la adiponectina o el Reg4. En cuanto a los factores pronósticos, se confirma la importancia de la afección ganglionar y el estudio de los márgenes de resección quirúrgico. Se continúa trabajando en la predisposición individual a la respuesta a determinados tratamientos. Se sigue trabajando en el desarrollo de la inyección de sustancias guiadas por USE y el papel del tratamiento oncológico, con datos nuevos sobre la utilidad de la gemcitabina, o de las estatinas como mediadores de supresión angiogénica o la vitamina C a dosis altas con efecto citotóxico. Para el tratamiento paliativo, es destacable el desarrollo de nuevas prótesis biliares, que tratan de disminuir las tasas de obstrucción. Acerca de los tumores quísticos pancreáticos, ha sido clave la evolución de la USE y la punción guiada por USE, sobre todo a la hora de diferenciar las lesiones benignas de las malignas o con potencial de malignidad (nódulos murales, dilatación del conducto pancreático principal, masas, concentraciones de CEA, etc.). Es fundamental determinar las características de estos tumores para valorar la mejor opción terapéutica, la cirugía o el manejo conservador.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de páncreas
Tumor quístico de páncreas
Tumores pancreáticos
Ultrasonografía endoscópica
Abstract

The management of pancreatic cancer is complex and prognosis is poor. The etiopathogenesis of pancreatic cancer has been related to several factors, such as diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol use, the presence of pancreatic cystic lesions and distinct genetic syndromes. Among the diagnostic options, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) continues to be developed, with the use of elastography, contrast agents and EUS-guided aspiration and the application of technical improvements that increase diagnostic efficacy (such as the use of specific stains, new aspiration needles, etc.).

New biomarkers are also being sought that would help in differential diagnosis, such as M2PK, adiponectin, and Reg4. Among prognostic factors, the importance of nodal involvement and study of surgical resection margins has been confirmed. The role of individual predisposition in determining response to specific treatments continues to be investigated. Research also continues into the development of EUS-guided injection of therapeutic substances and the role of oncological treatment, with new data on the utility of gemcitabine and of statins as mediators of angiogenic suppression or of high-dose vitamin C with cytotoxic effects.

Notable in the field of palliative treatment is the development of new biliary stents that aim to reduce obstruction rates. The development of EUS and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration has been crucial in cystic pancreatic tumors, especially in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions or those with potential for malignant transformation (presence of mural modules, dilatation of the main pancreatic duct, the presence of masses, CEA levels, etc.). The characteristics of these tumors must be determined to evaluate whether surgery or conservative management is the best therapeutic option.

Key words:
Pancreatic cancer
cystic pancreatic tumor
pancreatic tumors
endoscopic ultrasound
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