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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Autoantibodies in immune-mediated inflammatory neuropathies
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Vol. 153. Issue 9.
Pages 360-367 (November 2019)
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Vol. 153. Issue 9.
Pages 360-367 (November 2019)
Review
Autoantibodies in immune-mediated inflammatory neuropathies
Autoanticuerpos en neuropatías inmunomediadas
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4
Lorena Martín-Aguilar, Elba Pascual-Goñi, Luis Querol
Corresponding author
lquerol@santpau.cat

Corresponding author.
Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Autoantibodies in the immunomediated neuropathies and associated clinical phenotypes.
Abstract

Inflammatory neuropathies are a rare and heterogeneous group of diseases of the nervous system characterized by the dysfunction and damage of different structures of the peripheral nerves. This group includes Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic demyelinating inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy or neuropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathy. The aetiology of these diseases is unknown, but B cells and autoantibodies play a key role in their pathogenesis. Autoantibodies against peripheral nerve molecules such as gangliosides, proteins of the Ranvier node or myelin-associated glycoprotein have been described, allowing the identification of subgroups of patients with specific clinical phenotypes. For all these reasons, these antibodies are useful in clinical practice. This review focuses on the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of autoantibodies in inflammatory neuropathies.

Keywords:
Immune-mediated neuropathies
Guillain-Barré syndrome
CIDP
Multifocal motor neuropathy
MGUS-P
Autoantibodies
Resumen

Las neuropatías inflamatorias son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades raras del sistema nervioso caracterizadas por la disfunción y el daño de diferentes estructuras de los nervios periféricos. Este grupo incluye el síndrome de Guillain-Barré, la polirradiculoneuropatía inflamatoria desmielinizante crónica, la neuropatía motora multifocal o las neuropatías asociadas a gammapatía monoclonal. La inmunopatogenia de estas enfermedades no es bien conocida, pero las células B y los autoanticuerpos parecen tener un papel clave en su desarrollo. Se han descrito autoanticuerpos dirigidos contra estructuras del nervio periférico como los gangliósidos, los anticuerpos dirigidos contra proteínas del nodo de Ranvier o la glucoproteína asociada a la mielina, que permiten identificar subgrupos de pacientes con fenotipos clínicos específicos asociados a dichos autoanticuerpos. Por todo ello, estos anticuerpos son de gran utilidad en la práctica clínica. Esta revisión se centra en la relevancia diagnóstica y terapéutica de los autoanticuerpos en las neuropatías inmunomediadas.

Palabras clave:
Neuropatías inmunomediadas
Síndrome de Guillain-Barré
CIDP
Neuropatía motora multifocal
GMSI-P
Autoanticuerpos

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