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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Old and new aspects of influenza
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Vol. 161. Issue 7.
Pages 303-309 (October 2023)
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Vol. 161. Issue 7.
Pages 303-309 (October 2023)
Review
Old and new aspects of influenza
Nuevos y viejos aspectos de la gripe
Iván Sanz-Muñoza,b, José M. Eirosa,c,
Corresponding author
jmeiros@saludcastillayleon.es

Corresponding author.
a Centro Nacional de Gripe, Valladolid, Spain
b Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (ICSCYL), Soria, Spain
c Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
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Table 1. Utility of direct and indirect influenza detection methods on microbiological diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance and research.
Table 2. Influenza vaccines in childhood, adolescence and adulthood in the 2022-2023 campaign in Spain.
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Abstract

Influenza is a classic infectious disease that, through the continuous variation of the viruses that produce it, imposes new challenges that we must solve as quickly as possible. The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially modified the behavior of influenza and other respiratory viruses, and in the coming years we will have to coexist with a new pathogen that will probably interact with existing pathogens in a way that we cannot yet glimpse. However, knowledge prior to the pandemic allows us to focus on the aspects that must be modified to make influenza an acceptable challenge for the future. In this review, emphasis is placed on the most relevant aspects of epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis and vaccine prevention, and how scientific and clinical trends in these aspects flow from the previously known to future challenges.

Keywords:
Influenza
Vaccines
Virological diagnostic
Epidemics
Pandemics
Resumen

La gripe es una enfermedad infecciosa clásica que, a través de la continua variación que sufren los virus que la producen, nos impone nuevos retos que debemos solventar con la mayor celeridad posible. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha modificado sustancialmente el comportamiento de la gripe y de otros virus respiratorios, y en los próximos años tendremos que convivir con un nuevo patógeno que probablemente interactuará con los existentes bajo un prisma que de momento no alcanzamos a vislumbrar. Sin embargo, los conocimientos previos a la pandemia nos permiten focalizar en que aspectos se deben modificar para que la gripe sea un reto asumible a futuro. En esta revisión se hace hincapié en los aspectos más relevantes de la epidemiología, la carga de enfermedad, el diagnóstico y la prevención mediante vacunas, y como fluyen las tendencias científicas y clínicas en dichos aspectos desde lo anteriormente conocido a los retos futuros.

Palabras clave:
Gripe
Vacunas
Diagnóstico virológico
Epidemias
Pandemias

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