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Alonso-García" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Jacobo" "apellidos" => "Rogado" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jacobo.rogado@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Diego" "apellidos" => "Buendía-Castaño" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Soledad R." "apellidos" => "Alonso-García" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Gran vía del este, 80, 28031 Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Gran vía del este, 80, 28031 Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Gran vía del este, 80, 28031 Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Vitíligo como evento adverso inmunomediado secundario a durvalumab en cáncer de pulmón" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1125 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 100148 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Achromic patches in the skin with an erythematous pruritic rim. In the dermatology department, the patient underwent a complete examination with Wood light. (B) Achromic patches in the skin examinated with Polarized Wood's light dermatoscopy.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunotherapy has been a revolution in cancer treatment. In many tumors, we have gone from having unfortunate prognoses to being able to begin to chronify the diseases and have long survivors, as has happened in lung cancer, significantly increasing survival rates.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Along with immunotherapy, a new class of adverse events began to emerge: immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Dermatological irAEs are the most frequents, especially in patients with melanoma,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and proved to be associated with an improvement in their outcome,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> as in other tumors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Here, we report the first case of vitíligo irAE associated with durvalumab in a patient diagnosed with lung cancer. We verified that this is the first case described by conducting a search without a year filter in the databases: Pubmed, Medline, CrossRef, Embase and Google scholar. The descriptors used were: “durvalumab & vitiligo”, “durvalumab & vitiligo & lung cancer”, durvalumab & vitiligo & non-small-cell”, “anti-PD-L1 & vitiligo”, “anti-PD-L1 & vitiligo & lung cancer” and “anti-PD-L1 & vitiligo & non-small-cell lung cancer”.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our patient is a 63-year-old man who presented at the emergency department with dyspnea and cough in April 2019. A chest X-ray was performed, perceiving a solid lesion in the right upper lobe of the lung. Initial work-up including chest CT-scan and PET/CT-scan ruled out metastatic disease. An eight centimeters lesion was identified in the right upper lobe, with hiliar and mediastinal pathological lymphadenopathies. The bronchoscopy biopsy reported a result of lung adenocarcinoma, with a 70% PD-L1 tumor expression. No other driver mutations were found. The patient, finally, was diagnosed with a non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), cT4N2M0, in May 2019.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The case was evaluated at the thoracic multidisciplinary tumor board of our center, deciding to start radical treatment with concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment started in June 2019, finishing it in September 2019, without great complications. However, 4 weeks after finishing treatment, the patient required admission to our hospital ward, being diagnosed with radical pneumonitis, reversed with steroids and antibiotic treatment, as well as with low flow of oxygen therapy. The case was evaluated by imaging test 6 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy treatment, having obtained a partial response to treatment. In this context, the patient started consolidation therapy with Durvalumab (10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg every two weeks) in November 2019. The treatment was finished without tumor related complications in November 2020, maintaining the response acquired after concomitant chemo-radiotherapy. However, in September 2020, after 20 doses of durvalumab, the patient began to describe achromic patches in the skin with an erythematous pruritic rim. In the dermatology department, the patient underwent a complete examination with Wood light (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A and B), as well as skin sampling of both the achromic center and the inflammatory bounds of the lesions. The skin from the achromic center showed a complete loss of melanocytes from the epidermis and a slight superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate containing eosinophils. At the advancing border, there were focal interface dermatitis with intraepidermal lymphocytes and dermal melanophages. Melanocytes were still present at the basal layer (highlighted by immunostaining with SOX10. Neither analytical study with autoantibodies, thyroid hormones or deficiency study of vitamin B12 were abnormal. In addition, the disease was reassessed and the response continued being present with no disease data. In that sense, the probability of having a paraneoplastic event was ruled out. The patient was diagnosed with vitiligo as an irAE.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Discussion</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mild immune-mediated skin adverse events, like rash, lichenoid eruptions, or bullous pemphigoid, are some of the most frequent irAE observed in patients who have been treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In addition, vitiligo has been reported in a rate up to 11% in patients diagnosed with melanoma and treated with anti-PD-1 drugs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> Much less frequently, it has also been observed in a few patients with NSCLC, but never in NSCLC patients who have received treatment with anti-PD-L1 antibodies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> We can know that these patients who developed irAEs presented better response and survival rates,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> as we could later observe with the development of any kind of irAE and in any tumor type.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We ruled out that the event was of paraneoplastic origin because the disease was not progressing. In addition, vitiligo has rarely presented as a paraneoplastic event, and there are only reports in a few cases of melanoma and one diagnosed with leukemia. And finally, the skin injuries did not get worse and no new ones appeared, as soon as the treatment with durvalumab ended.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durvalumab is a monoclonal antibody against PD-L1, approved in Spain only for consolidation treatment after chemotherapy and radiotherapy response in stage III NSCLC expressing PD-L1.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Currently, there are no reports of vitiligo with this anti-PD-L1 drug.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To our knowledge, this case represents the first report of immune-related vitiligo associated with durvalumab. Previously, cases of vitiligo such as irAE had only been described in patients diagnosed with melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) and anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> For this reason, we consider our report has a great scientific interest and we have notified the health authorities.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our patient developed the irAE at the end of the treatment. At present, his skin involvement stabilised after drug discontinuation and dermatological treatment and, currently, its tumor remaining in response with a progression free survival of 24 months.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors’ contributions</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">J.R. contributed to the conception and design of the letter, data acquisition and writing of the manuscript. D.B.C. and S.R.A.G. contributed interpretation of the data. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Funding</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No funding required.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Authors’ contributions" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1125 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 100148 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Achromic patches in the skin with an erythematous pruritic rim. In the dermatology department, the patient underwent a complete examination with Wood light. (B) Achromic patches in the skin examinated with Polarized Wood's light dermatoscopy.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Borghaei" 1 => "L. Paz-Ares" 2 => "L. Horn" 3 => "D.R. Spigel" 4 => "M. Steins" 5 => "N.E. 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Journal Information
Vol. 158. Issue 7.
Pages 341-342 (April 2022)
Vol. 158. Issue 7.
Pages 341-342 (April 2022)
Scientific letter
Vitiligo as durvalumab's immune-related adverse event in lung cancer
Vitíligo como evento adverso inmunomediado secundario a durvalumab en cáncer de pulmón
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a Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Gran vía del este, 80, 28031 Madrid, Spain
b Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Gran vía del este, 80, 28031 Madrid, Spain
c Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Gran vía del este, 80, 28031 Madrid, Spain
d Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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