Prevalencia de varices en adultos y factores asociados
Prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins in adults
Ahumada Miguela,b, Vioque Jesúsa,
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vioque@umh.es
Correspondencia: Dr. J. Vioque. Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Campus San Juan. Ctra. Valencia, s/n. 03550 San Juan de Alicante. Alicante. España.
Correspondencia: Dr. J. Vioque. Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Campus San Juan. Ctra. Valencia, s/n. 03550 San Juan de Alicante. Alicante. España.
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Universidad Miguel Hernández. Alicante." "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital General Universitario. Alicante. España." "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Dr. J. Vioque. Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Campus San Juan. Ctra. Valencia, s/n. 03550 San Juan de Alicante. Alicante. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins in adults" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-01-30" "fechaAceptado" => "2004-06-03" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec222421" "palabras" => array:12 [ 0 => "Varices" 1 => "Prevalencia" 2 => "Encuesta" 3 => "Sexo" 4 => "Edad" 5 => "Estado de salud" 6 => "Hemorroides" 7 => "Categoría profesional" 8 => "Tabaco" 9 => "Alcohol" 10 => "Índice de masa corporal" 11 => "Actividad física" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec222420" "palabras" => array:12 [ 0 => "Varicose veins" 1 => "Prevalence" 2 => "Survey" 3 => "Gender" 4 => "Age" 5 => "Health Status" 6 => "Hemorrhoids" 7 => "Profession" 8 => "Tobacco" 9 => "Alcohol" 10 => "Body mass index" 11 => "Physical activity" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fundamento y objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estimar la prevalencia autorreferida de varices en población adulta de la Comunidad Valenciana y analizar la relación con variables sociodemográficas, el estado de salud subjetivo, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la presencia de hemorroides, así como con el consumo de tabaco, alcohol y la actividad física.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Sujetos y método</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mediante entrevista domiciliaria se recogió información de la presencia de varices (variable respuesta) y otras variables de interés para 1.778 adultos mayores de 14 años (819 varones y 959 mujeres) participantes en la Encuesta de Nutrición y Salud de la Comunidad Valenciana. Se estimó la prevalencia de varices por grupos de edad y sexo, y se calcularon las <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> (OR) ajustadas con sus intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% mediante regresión logística para analizar la asociación entre presencia de varices y las variables recogidas.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia global de varices fue del 16,4%, y se observó una mayor prevalencia en las mujeres que en los varones (el 26,7 frente al 5,5%) y con la edad. Los 2 factores que más se asociaron a la presencia de varices en el análisis multivariante fueron el sexo femenino (OR = 7,01; IC del 95%, 4,52-10,87) y la edad, ya que los mayores de 35 años casi triplicaban el riesgo respecto a los de 15-24 años. Un IMC mayor o igual de 30 kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>, una mala percepción del estado de salud y la presencia de hemorroides se asociaron significativamente a la presencia de varices. Los empresarios presentaron también un riesgo elevado de varices respecto a los trabajadores. El consumo moderado de alcohol (≤ 1 copa/dia) resultó protector (OR = 0,50; IC del 95%, 0,28-0,88). Ni el tabaco ni la actividad física se asociaron a la presencia de varices.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aunque el sexo femenino y la edad avanzada fueron los factores que se asociaron a una mayor presencia de varices en las extremidades inferiores, otros factores como el sobrepeso, un mal estado de salud, la presencia de hemorroides y algunas categorías profesionales pueden influir en su presentación. El consumo moderado de alcohol parece ejercer un efecto protector.</p>" ] "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We intended to estimate the prevalence of varicose veins in the mature population of the Valencia Community and to analyze its relationship with sociodemographic variables, self-reported health status, body mass index and the presence of hemorrhoids, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Subjects and method</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Information on self-reported varicose veins was collected from 1,778 adults older than 14 years (819 men and 959 women) who participated in the Health and Nutrition Survey of the Valencia Community (Spain). We estimated the prevalence of varicose veins by age groups and sex. To explore the association between varicose veins and variables, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) by multiple logistic regression.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The overall prevalence of varicose veins was 16.4%, with a much higher prevalence in women that in men (26.7% versus 5.5%) and with older age. Gender and age were the 2 strongest predictors of varicose veins in multivariate analysis. Women had seven times more risk than men (OR = 7.01; CI 95%, 4.52-10.87) and those older than 35 years almost tripled the risk with respect to those aged 15-24 years. A body mass index of 30 kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>, a poor selfreported health status and hemorrhoids were significantly associated with the presence of varicose veins. Employers showed higher risk than workers. A moderate alcohol consumption (≤ 1 drink/day) was associated with a protective effect (OR = 0.50; CI 95%, 0.28-0.88). Tobacco smoking and physical activity were not associated with varicose veins.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although being a woman and having an advanced age were the strongest predictors of varicose veins, other factors such as a high BMI, poor health status, hemorrhoids and some professional categories may be also important factors in their presentation. A moderate alcohol consumption seems to have a protective effect.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Referencias Bibliográficas" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:28 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1." 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Octubre | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2024 Agosto | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2024 Julio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2024 Junio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2024 Mayo | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2024 Abril | 0 | 12 | 12 |
| 2024 Marzo | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| 2024 Febrero | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2024 Enero | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 0 | 16 | 16 |
| 2023 Octubre | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| 2023 Agosto | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2023 Julio | 0 | 28 | 28 |
| 2023 Junio | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2023 Abril | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2023 Marzo | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2023 Febrero | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2023 Enero | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2022 Octubre | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2022 Julio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2022 Junio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2022 Mayo | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2022 Abril | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2022 Enero | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2021 Julio | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2021 Junio | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2021 Mayo | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2021 Abril | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2021 Febrero | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2020 Agosto | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2020 Julio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2020 Mayo | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2020 Abril | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2020 Febrero | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2020 Enero | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 Octubre | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 Agosto | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 Julio | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 Junio | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2019 Mayo | 0 | 19 | 19 |
| 2019 Abril | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| 2019 Febrero | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2019 Enero | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| 2018 Octubre | 0 | 12 | 12 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2018 Agosto | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2018 Julio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 Junio | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 Mayo | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2017 Octubre | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 19 | 12 | 31 |
| 2017 Agosto | 43 | 5 | 48 |
| 2017 Julio | 22 | 5 | 27 |
| 2017 Junio | 41 | 17 | 58 |
| 2017 Mayo | 29 | 14 | 43 |
| 2017 Abril | 26 | 12 | 38 |
| 2017 Marzo | 38 | 18 | 56 |
| 2017 Febrero | 43 | 6 | 49 |
| 2017 Enero | 19 | 2 | 21 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 55 | 8 | 63 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 97 | 8 | 105 |
| 2016 Octubre | 88 | 8 | 96 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 29 | 8 | 37 |
| 2016 Agosto | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| 2016 Julio | 49 | 3 | 52 |
| 2016 Junio | 82 | 17 | 99 |
| 2016 Mayo | 68 | 24 | 92 |
| 2016 Abril | 75 | 6 | 81 |
| 2016 Marzo | 71 | 13 | 84 |
| 2016 Febrero | 65 | 15 | 80 |
| 2016 Enero | 56 | 16 | 72 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 72 | 16 | 88 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 112 | 17 | 129 |
| 2015 Octubre | 94 | 16 | 110 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 84 | 16 | 100 |
| 2015 Agosto | 87 | 5 | 92 |
| 2015 Julio | 78 | 8 | 86 |
| 2015 Junio | 93 | 15 | 108 |
| 2015 Mayo | 97 | 8 | 105 |
| 2015 Abril | 114 | 20 | 134 |
| 2015 Marzo | 91 | 11 | 102 |
| 2015 Febrero | 88 | 5 | 93 |
| 2015 Enero | 83 | 6 | 89 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 107 | 8 | 115 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 99 | 4 | 103 |
| 2014 Octubre | 79 | 2 | 81 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 73 | 4 | 77 |
| 2014 Agosto | 81 | 2 | 83 |
| 2014 Julio | 82 | 3 | 85 |
| 2014 Junio | 73 | 5 | 78 |
| 2014 Mayo | 41 | 1 | 42 |
| 2014 Abril | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 2014 Marzo | 42 | 2 | 44 |
| 2014 Febrero | 55 | 3 | 58 |
| 2014 Enero | 51 | 3 | 54 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 49 | 4 | 53 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 53 | 3 | 56 |
| 2013 Octubre | 55 | 4 | 59 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 41 | 9 | 50 |
| 2013 Agosto | 37 | 4 | 41 |
| 2013 Julio | 36 | 2 | 38 |
| 2013 Mayo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2004 Noviembre | 1386 | 0 | 1386 |
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