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Mortalidad atribuida al consumo de tabaco en Galicia, 1980-2007
Mortality attributable to tobacco consumption in Galicia (Spain): 1980-2007
Mónica Pérez-Ríosa,
Autor para correspondencia
monica.perez.rios@sergas.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Maria Isolina Santiago-Péreza, Sara Cerdeira-Caramésa, Begoña Alonsob, Bernardo Seoaneb, Alberto Malvar-Pintosa, Xurxo Hervada-Vidala
a Subdirección General de Epidemiología y Sistemas de Información, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, España
b Subdirección General de Programas de Fomento de Estilos de Vida Saludables, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, España
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tasas anuales de mortalidad atribuida &#40;MA&#41; al tabaco en Galicia por 100&#46;000 habitantes&#44; para cada sexo y grupo de edad&#44; y tendencia de las tasas ajustada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">joinpoint</span> en varones &#40;per&#237;odo 1980-2007&#41;&#46;</p>"
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Hoy en d&#237;a el tabaquismo est&#225; considerado como el factor de riesgo susceptible de ser prevenido que m&#225;s muertes causa en el mundo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Disponemos de distintos indicadores que permiten conocer el impacto del tabaquismo en una poblaci&#243;n&#46; Uno de ellos es la estimaci&#243;n de la mortalidad atribuida &#40;MA&#41;&#46; Analizar la evoluci&#243;n de este indicador permite aproximar la historia de tabaquismo en la poblaci&#243;n a estudio&#44; especialmente cuando no se dispone de datos de prevalencia de consumo&#46; En Espa&#241;a&#44; la MA ha sido estimada en diferentes ocasiones&#44; estando fechadas las primeras estimaciones en el a&#241;o 1978 y las &#250;ltimas en 2006<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4-9</span></a>&#44; pero debido a la diferente evoluci&#243;n de la epidemia tab&#225;quica en las distintas Comunidades Aut&#243;nomas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; el inter&#233;s de disponer de estimaciones a un nivel m&#225;s desagregado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11-19</span></a> es alto&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar el impacto que el consumo de tabaco ha tenido en la mortalidad de Galicia en el per&#237;odo comprendido entre 1980 y 2007&#44; adem&#225;s de analizar la evoluci&#243;n de la MA al consumo de tabaco para poder identificar posibles cambios de tendencia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todo</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Mortalidad atribuida</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para la estimaci&#243;n de la MA se ha empleado un m&#233;todo independiente de prevalencia de consumo de tabaco propuesto por Peto et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> que se basa en el c&#225;lculo de fracciones atribuidas poblacionales &#40;FAP&#41;&#46; Este m&#233;todo estima la MA utilizando la tasa de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en la poblaci&#243;n a estudio como marcador indirecto del riesgo acumulado asociado al consumo de tabaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46; A partir de la tasa de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en la poblaci&#243;n a estudio y de la tasa de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en fumadores y nunca fumadores&#44; se estima la MA por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n y se calcula la prevalencia sint&#233;tica o Smoking Impact Ratio &#40;SIR&#41;&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia>donde C<span class="elsevierStyleInf">LC</span> denota la tasa de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#44; N<span class="elsevierStyleInf">LC</span> la tasa de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en nunca fumadores en la poblaci&#243;n a estudio&#44; S<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">LC</span> es la tasa de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en fumadores en la cohorte del Cancer Prevention Study fase II &#40;CPS-II&#41; y N&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">LC</span> la tasa de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en nunca fumadores en el CPS-II<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Posteriormente se calcula la FAP para cada una de las patolog&#237;as asociadas causalmente al consumo de tabaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0010"></elsevierMultimedia>donde RR denota el exceso de riesgo que tienen los fumadores de morir por aquellas enfermedades relacionadas con el consumo de tabaco&#44; tomando como grupo de referencia a los nunca fumadores&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La MA al consumo de tabaco se estima como el producto de la mortalidad observada por la FAP&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En este trabajo se estim&#243; la MA para las causas de muerte asociadas al consumo de tabaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#44; por sexo y grupos de edad quinquenales&#44; en la poblaci&#243;n gallega de 35 a&#241;os y m&#225;s para cada a&#241;o del per&#237;odo 1980-2007&#46; Las defunciones obtenidas se agregaron por grupo de edad &#40;35-64 y<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65 a&#241;os&#41; y se calcularon las tasas de MA por sexo&#44; grupo de edad y a&#241;o&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se definieron 7 per&#237;odos de 4 a&#241;os&#44; desde 1980-83 hasta 2004-07&#44; y se calcularon tasas de MA por sexo&#44; causa y per&#237;odo&#46; Las causas de muerte se agruparon en 3 categor&#237;as&#58; tumores &#40;labio-cavidad oral-faringe&#44; es&#243;fago&#44; p&#225;ncreas&#44; laringe&#44; tr&#225;quea-pulm&#243;n-bronquios&#44; cuello de &#250;tero&#44; vejiga urinaria&#44; ri&#241;&#243;n-pelvis renal&#44; est&#243;mago y leucemia mieloide aguda&#41;&#44; circulatorias &#40;cardiopat&#237;a isqu&#233;mica&#44; otras enfermedades card&#237;acas&#44; enfermedad cerebrovascular&#44; ateroesclerosis&#44; aneurisma a&#243;rtico&#44; otra enfermedad arterial&#41; y respiratorias &#40;neumon&#237;a-gripe&#44; bronquitis-enfisema&#44; otras enfermedades pulmonares obstructivas cr&#243;nicas&#41;&#46; Los c&#225;lculos se hicieron con Stata 10&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Evoluci&#243;n de la mortalidad atribuida</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se analiz&#243; la tendencia de las tasas anuales o bienales de MA por todas las causas para cada sexo y grupo de edad mediante un modelo de regresi&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">joinpoint</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#44; fijando un m&#225;ximo de 3 puntos de corte &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">joinpoints</span>&#41; y un nivel de significaci&#243;n del 5&#37;&#46; En cada per&#237;odo identificado por el modelo se estim&#243; el porcentaje de cambio anual &#40;PCA&#41; con intervalos de confianza del 95&#37; &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fuentes de datos</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las cifras de mortalidad observada &#40;CIE-9 hasta 1998 y CIE-10 desde 1999&#41; por las causas analizadas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41; se obtuvieron del Instituto Nacional de Estad&#237;stica &#40;INE&#44; 1980-1988&#41; y del Registro de Mortalidad de Galicia &#40;1989-2007&#41;&#46; Como poblaciones se tomaron estimaciones intercensales hasta 1997 y datos del Padr&#243;n para el per&#237;odo 1998-2007&#46; Los riesgos relativos y las tasas de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en fumadores y nunca fumadores&#44; que se asumen constantes a lo largo del per&#237;odo&#44; proceden del seguimiento a los 6 a&#241;os de la cohorte del CPS-II<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Mortalidad atribuida</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el per&#237;odo comprendido entre 1980 y 2007 se estima que el consumo de tabaco produjo en Galicia 93&#46;308 muertes entre la poblaci&#243;n de 35 a&#241;os y m&#225;s&#44; lo que supone el 12&#44;6&#37; de las defunciones totales sucedidas en esta poblaci&#243;n &#40;23&#44;5&#37; en varones y 1&#44;5&#37; en mujeres&#41;&#46; El 94&#37; de las muertes atribuidas ocurrieron en varones mayores de 34 a&#241;os y el 45&#37; fueron por tumores&#46; En los a&#241;os a estudio&#44; la MA estimada oscil&#243; entre 9&#46;731 muertos en el per&#237;odo 1980-1983 y 15&#46;138 entre 1996-1999 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; En los varones el impacto del tabaco se observa especialmente en la mortalidad por tumores&#58; m&#225;s de 40&#46;000 muertes a lo largo del per&#237;odo&#44; y el 60&#37; de las mismas por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#46; En las mujeres&#44; las enfermedades circulatorias y las respiratorias tienen un impacto similar&#44; suponiendo entre ambas casi el 80&#37; de la MA en mujeres en el per&#237;odo a estudio&#46; La evoluci&#243;n por per&#237;odos de las tasas de MA para varones y mujeres&#44; y por causas&#44; puede observarse en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Evoluci&#243;n de la mortalidad atribuida</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cuando se analizan las tasas anuales de MA en funci&#243;n del sexo y del grupo de edad&#44; destaca el descenso mantenido en las tasas de mortalidad en los varones desde el a&#241;o 1996 y la inestabilidad en las estimaciones de MA en las mujeres &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; En los varones de 35 a 64 a&#241;os&#44; el m&#233;todo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">joinpoint</span> identifica dos per&#237;odos con tendencia opuesta en las tasas de MA&#58; creciente hasta 1995 &#40;a&#241;o de cambio&#41; y decreciente desde 1996&#44; con PCA similares pero de signo opuesto &#40;1&#44;2 &#91;IC 95&#37; 0&#44;6 a 1&#44;8&#93; y -1&#44;8 &#91;IC 95&#37; -2&#44;5 a -1&#44;0&#93;&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; En los varones de 65 y m&#225;s a&#241;os la serie anual de tasas de MA presenta dos puntos de cambio que definen tres per&#237;odos de distinta evoluci&#243;n&#58; creciente hasta 1988 &#40;PCA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;2 &#91;IC 95&#37; 3&#44;1 a 5&#44;3&#93;&#41;&#44; estable entre 1989 y 1996 &#40;PCA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 &#91;IC 95&#37; -1&#44;2 a 1&#44;4&#93;&#41; y decreciente desde 1997 &#40;PCA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-2&#44;9 &#91;IC 95&#37; -3&#44;5 a -2&#44;3&#93;&#41;&#46; Para valorar la tendencia en las mujeres se analizaron tasas bienales&#46; Debido&#44; de nuevo&#44; a la inestabilidad de las estimaciones realizadas&#44; no se pudo analizar la tendencia con el m&#233;todo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">joinpoint</span> en las mayores de 64 a&#241;os&#46; En las mujeres de 35 a 64 a&#241;os se observa un punto de cambio en el bienio 1988-1989 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#44; a partir del cual las tasas de mortalidad empiezan a aumentar &#40;PCA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#44;4 &#91;IC 95&#37; 14&#44;2 a 44&#44;4&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El consumo de tabaco provoc&#243; 93&#46;308 defunciones en Galicia en el per&#237;odo comprendido entre 1980 y 2007&#46; El impacto del consumo de tabaco en la mortalidad evitable&#44; aquella producida antes de los 65 a&#241;os&#44; supone el 29&#44;1&#37; de la MA&#46; Las tasas de mortalidad atribuida en varones muestran una tendencia decreciente desde mediados de la d&#233;cada de 1990&#46; En las mujeres de 35 a 64 a&#241;os se observa una tendencia creciente desde el bienio 1988-1989&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se ha analizado en diferentes trabajos el impacto puntual del consumo de tabaco en la MA en Espa&#241;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4-9</span></a>&#44; a nivel de Comunidad Aut&#243;noma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11-16</span></a> o de provincias o ciudad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17-19</span></a>&#46; Estos trabajos abarcan el estudio de la evoluci&#243;n de la MA desde 1978 hasta 2006&#44; si bien cambios en las causas estudiadas&#44; en los grupos de edad o en el origen de los riesgos impiden la comparaci&#243;n de los resultados&#46; As&#237;&#44; un trabajo publicado que analiza la MA en Espa&#241;a en 2006<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> aplica riesgos ajustados e incluye en el an&#225;lisis causas de muerte diferentes a las contempladas en los otros estudios&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el conjunto del territorio espa&#241;ol en el per&#237;odo comprendido entre 1978 y 1992 se apreci&#243; el incremento de la MA&#44; tanto en varones como en mujeres&#44; siendo m&#225;s acusado en estas &#250;ltimas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Cuando el per&#237;odo a estudio se ampli&#243; hasta 2001 ya se empez&#243; a observar el descenso de la MA en varones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; En Galicia la MA en varones empieza a descender a mediados de la d&#233;cada de 1990&#44; siendo m&#225;s acusado el descenso entre los mayores de 64 a&#241;os&#46; En Madrid el descenso de la MA en varones se observ&#243; ya en 1992<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> y en Barcelona en 1983<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Para el caso de las mujeres&#44; en Espa&#241;a a&#250;n no se ha observado el descenso en la MA hasta el &#250;ltimo a&#241;o estudiado &#40;2006&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Por el contrario&#44; en la Comunidad de Madrid en el grupo de edad de 35 a 64 a&#241;os y en el per&#237;odo 1992-1998 ya se observan descensos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; tal y como ya se apunt&#243; en Barcelona en el per&#237;odo 1983-1998<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; El aumento que ha experimentado la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco entre las mujeres gallegas j&#243;venes se traduce en un aumento de las tasas de MA por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#44; marcador de la epidemia tab&#225;quica&#44; que pasaron de 0&#44;2 por 100&#46;000 en 1980 a 3&#44;9 por 100&#46;000 en 2007&#46; Teniendo en cuenta que esta incorporaci&#243;n ha sido reciente&#44; estas cifras podr&#237;an aumentar en los pr&#243;ximos a&#241;os&#44; lo que se traducir&#237;a en un aumento de la MA entre las mujeres&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para estimar la MA se dispone de diversos m&#233;todos de c&#225;lculo&#44; que presentan diferencias metodol&#243;gicas y se basan en la aceptaci&#243;n de diferentes supuestos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; por lo que las estimaciones obtenidas estar&#225;n siempre rodeadas de cierta incertidumbre&#46; Hasta la fecha no hay ning&#250;n m&#233;todo que se considere &#8220;patr&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#8221; y la disponibilidad de datos es la que condiciona&#44; generalmente&#44; el m&#233;todo a aplicar&#46; En este caso concreto&#44; la aplicaci&#243;n de un m&#233;todo independiente de prevalencia&#44; como el m&#233;todo propuesto por Peto et al&#44; es indiscutible&#44; ya que los primeros datos de prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en Galicia son de 1988<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados presentados sobre la estimaci&#243;n de la MA en Galicia deben tomarse con cautela&#44; ya que el m&#233;todo de estimaci&#243;n empleado presenta algunas limitaciones&#46; Entre ellas destaca el origen de las tasas de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en fumadores y en nunca fumadores&#44; y de los riesgos relativos&#46; Tanto las tasas como los riesgos relativos derivan del seguimiento de la cohorte del CPS-II<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27</span></a>&#46; El empleo de las tasas de mortalidad del CPS-II se traduce como la aceptaci&#243;n del supuesto de que los factores de riesgo desencadenantes del c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#44; tanto en fumadores como en nunca fumadores&#44; son iguales en la poblaci&#243;n norteamericana y en la gallega&#46; Tambi&#233;n el empleo de los riesgos procedentes de este estudio ha sido ampliamente cuestionado&#44; pero se ha demostrado que son estables y que el ajuste por potenciales confusores no produce modificaciones importantes en su valor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a>&#46; No se ha tenido en cuenta el cambio producido en la codificaci&#243;n de la mortalidad&#44; paso de CIE-9 a CIE-10&#44; ya que la ratio de comparabilidad es pr&#243;xima a 1 en todas las causas aqu&#237; estudiadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este an&#225;lisis presenta fortalezas&#44; ya que la estimaci&#243;n se produce a lo largo de un per&#237;odo temporal que abarca m&#225;s de 25 a&#241;os&#44; lo que nos permite entrever c&#243;mo ha sido la evoluci&#243;n del tabaquismo en Galicia&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; a pesar de todas las limitaciones ligadas al m&#233;todo de Peto et al&#44; las estimaciones obtenidas despu&#233;s de aplicar un m&#233;todo dependiente de prevalencia son similares a las que aqu&#237; se presentan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como conclusi&#243;n cabe destacar que aunque en los varones la mortalidad atribuida al consumo de tabaco est&#225; descendiendo&#44; el fen&#243;meno contrario sucede en las mujeres&#46; Este hecho debe hacer que las campa&#241;as orientadas a prevenir el inicio del consumo o al cese del h&#225;bito tengan en cuenta la perspectiva de g&#233;nero&#44; priorizando acciones orientadas a las mujeres&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Mortalidad atribuida"
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              "titulo" => "Evoluci&#243;n de la mortalidad atribuida"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Tabaquismo"
            1 => "Mortalidad atribuida"
            2 => "Tendencia mortalidad"
            3 => "M&#233;todos epidemiol&#243;gicos"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Smoking"
            1 => "Attributable mortality"
            2 => "Tendency"
            3 => "Epidemiology methods"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fundamento y objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La estimaci&#243;n de la mortalidad atribuida al consumo de tabaco proporciona una visi&#243;n complementaria a la prevalencia de consumo y aproxima el impacto que el tabaco tiene en la salud a nivel poblacional&#46; El objetivo de este estudio fue medir el impacto&#44; en cifras de mortalidad&#44; que el consumo de tabaco tuvo en la poblaci&#243;n gallega mayor de 34 a&#241;os entre 1980 y 2007&#44; e identificar posibles cambios de tendencia&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad atribuida se estim&#243; aplicando un m&#233;todo independiente de prevalencia basado en el c&#225;lculo de fracciones atribuidas poblacionales&#46; Los riesgos relativos y las tasas de mortalidad por c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en fumadores y nunca fumadores proceden del Cancer Prevention Study-II&#46; Se calcularon tasas anuales de mortalidad atribuida y se analizaron tendencias aplicando modelos de regresi&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">joinpoint</span>&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A lo largo del per&#237;odo estudiado &#40;1980-2007&#41;&#44; se estima que el tabaco ha producido en Galicia 93&#46;308 muertes &#40;87&#46;674 en varones y 5&#46;634 en mujeres&#41;&#46; Las tasas de mortalidad atribuida en varones muestran una tendencia decreciente desde mediados de la d&#233;cada de 1990 &#40;porcentaje de cambio anual&#58; -1&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; En las mujeres la tendencia es creciente desde el bienio 1988-1989 &#40;porcentaje de cambio anual&#58; 28&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El consumo de tabaco ha supuesto en Galicia una importante carga de mortalidad en el per&#237;odo 1980-2007&#46; La tendencia decreciente observada en la mortalidad atribuida al tabaco en varones es un resultado positivo&#44; pero en mujeres j&#243;venes el aumento de la mortalidad atribuida es alarmante&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background and ojective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tobacco attributable mortality offers a complementary view to smoking prevalence&#44; giving an estimate of its impact at population level&#46; The purpose of this study is to measure the impact&#44; using mortality figures&#44; of tobacco consumption in the Galician population over 34 years from 1980 to 2007&#44; and identify any changes of trend&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Attributable mortality was estimated using a prevalence independent method that is based on population attributable fractions&#46; Relative risks and mortality rates due to lung cancer in smokers and non-smokers came from the Cancer Prevention Study-II&#46; Annual attributable mortality rates were calculated and the presence of any trends was tested using joinpoint regression models&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">During the studied time period &#40;1980-2007&#41; it is estimated that tobacco use has caused 93&#44;308 deaths in Galicia &#40;87&#44;674 in men and 5&#44;634 in women&#41;&#46; Attributable mortality rates in men show a decreasing tendency from the middle 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s onwards &#40;annual percent change&#58; -1&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; However in women there is an increasing trend starting from the period 1988-1989 &#40;annual percent change&#58;28&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tobacco consumption has entailed an important burden of mortality from 1980 to 2007&#46; The decreasing tendency in attributable mortality rates in men is an encouraging result&#44; but its increase in young women is rather alarming&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tasas anuales de mortalidad atribuida &#40;MA&#41; al tabaco en Galicia por 100&#46;000 habitantes&#44; para cada sexo y grupo de edad&#44; y tendencia de las tasas ajustada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">joinpoint</span> en varones &#40;per&#237;odo 1980-2007&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tasas bienales de mortalidad atribuida &#40;MA&#41; al tabaco en Galicia por 100&#46;000 habitantes&#44; en mujeres de 35 a 64 a&#241;os&#44; y tendencia de las tasas ajustada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">joinpoint</span> &#40;per&#237;odo 1980-2007&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CIE&#58; Clasificaci&#243;n Internacional de Enfermedades&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Causa de muerte&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CIE-9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CIE-10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ratio de comparabilidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tumores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer de labio&#44; cavidad oral&#44; faringe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">140-149&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">COO-C14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;960&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer de es&#243;fago&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;997&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer de p&#225;ncreas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;998&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer de laringe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">161&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer de tr&#225;quea&#44; pulm&#243;n&#44; bronquios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C33-34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;984&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer de cuello de &#250;tero&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;987&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer de vejiga urinaria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">188&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;997&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer de ri&#241;&#243;n y pelvis renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">189&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C64-65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer de est&#243;mago&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">151&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Leucemia mieloide aguda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">205&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">C92&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Circulatorias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cardiopat&#237;a isqu&#233;mica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">410-414&#44; 429&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I20-I25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;999&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Otras enfermedades card&#237;acas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">390-398&#44; 415-417&#44; 420-429&#46;1&#44; 429&#46;3-429&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I00-I09&#59; I26-I28&#59; I29-I51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;969&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Respiratorias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Neumon&#237;a&#44; gripe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bronquitis&#44; enfisema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">J40-J42&#59; J43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;894&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Otras enfermedades pulmonares obstructivas cr&#243;nicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;097&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ex fumadora&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiopat&#237;a isqu&#233;mica</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edad 35-64 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edad 65 o m&#225;s a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otras enfermedades card&#237;acas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedad cerebrovascular</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edad 35-64 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edad 65 o m&#225;s a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ateroesclerosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bronquitis&#44; enfisema</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otras enfermedades pulmonares obstructivas cr&#243;nicas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exceso de riesgo de mortalidad asociado al consumo de tabaco por distintas patolog&#237;as en funci&#243;n del sexo&#44; grupo de edad &#40;si procede&#41; y h&#225;bito</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MA&#58; mortalidad atribuida&#59; MO&#58; mortalidad observada&#59; &#37;MA&#58; porcentaje que supone la mortalidad atribuida sobre la mortalidad observada&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="7" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MA por per&#237;odo</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1980-83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1984-87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1988-91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1992-95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1996-99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2000-03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2004-07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;MA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Varones 35-64 a&#241;os</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;354&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;690&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;793&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;980&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;018&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;725&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;808&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">59&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tumores malignos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;669&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;995&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;189&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;378&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;488&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;432&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;552&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;702&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;247&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">73&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tumor de pulm&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">907&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;053&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;311&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;347&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;341&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;644&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;545&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">90&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedades circulatorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;427&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;412&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;282&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;312&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;272&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedades respiratorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Varones 65 o m&#225;s a&#241;os</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tumores malignos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tumor de pulm&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Enfermedades circulatorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Enfermedades respiratorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Mujeres 35-64 a&#241;os</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tumores malignos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tumor de pulm&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedades circulatorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedades respiratorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Mujeres 65 o m&#225;s a&#241;os</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">718&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tumores malignos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tumor de pulm&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;725&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedades circulatorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedades respiratorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="11" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Total</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;731&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;502&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;375&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;138&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;436&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;534&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tumores malignos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">81&#46;428&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tumor de pulm&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;445&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;432&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;292&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;967&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedades circulatorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;938&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 00257753
Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1016/j.medcli.2010.10.009
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