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Prevalencia de obesidad y obesidad abdominal en la población española de 65 y más años de edad: estudio ENPE
Prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in Spanish population aged 65 years and over: ENPE study
Carmen Pérez-Rodrigoa,b, Marta Gianzo Citoresb, Gotzone Hervás Bárbarab, Javier Aranceta-Bartrinaa,b,c,d,e,
Autor para correspondencia
jaranceta@unav.es
javieraranceta@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
a Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, España
b Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC)
c Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
d Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
e CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
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de la poblaci&#243;n mundial en 2050<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre 1975 y 2014 la prevalencia de obesidad en el mundo&#44; en adultos&#44; se ha triplicado en hombres y se ha duplicado en mujeres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Actualmente en Europa se estima que una de cada 5 personas mayores de 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os padece obesidad y el 42&#37; sobrepeso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; De acuerdo con el proyecto SHARE&#44; en Europa&#44; entre 2005 y 2013 aument&#243; la prevalencia de sobrepeso en hombres mayores de 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os y en mujeres mayores de 80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; y la obesidad&#44; en hombres y mujeres a partir de 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Esta tendencia tambi&#233;n se observa en Espa&#241;a a partir del an&#225;lisis de las Encuestas de Salud &#40;1987-2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La alta prevalencia de obesidad supone un reto para la atenci&#243;n sanitaria y un importante problema de salud p&#250;blica por el elevado coste sanitario a&#241;adido&#44; consecuencia del mayor riesgo de aparici&#243;n de comorbilidades y enfermedades cr&#243;nicas relacionadas con la obesidad&#44; como diabetes&#44; hipertensi&#243;n&#44; enfermedades cardiovasculares&#44; ciertos tipos de c&#225;ncer o alteraciones articulares&#44; entre otras<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a>&#46; Proyecciones recientes en Espa&#241;a estiman un incremento del 16&#37; en el n&#250;mero de personas afectadas por exceso de peso para 2030&#44; lo que implicar&#237;a un aumento del 58&#37; en sobrecoste sanitario directo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Desde hace a&#241;os la tipificaci&#243;n ponderal en los adultos mayores se clasifica a partir del &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;&#44; utilizando los mismos puntos de corte que en adultos m&#225;s j&#243;venes&#44; IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25 para sobrepeso e IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30 para obesidad&#46; Los an&#225;lisis poblacionales de la asociaci&#243;n entre IMC y mortalidad total y por diferentes causas concluyen que el valor asociado con menor riesgo de mortalidad aumenta con la edad&#44; desde 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> entre 35 y 49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; 23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> entre los 50 y 69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os y 24-25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> a partir de 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La relaci&#243;n entre IMC y morbimortalidad asociada puede estar afectada por la distribuci&#243;n de la grasa corporal&#46; Para una mejor caracterizaci&#243;n del exceso ponderal y evaluaci&#243;n del riesgo asociado&#44; adem&#225;s del IMC&#44; se recomienda utilizar indicadores de distribuci&#243;n de la grasa como el per&#237;metro de la cintura &#40;PC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; o el &#237;ndice cintura-talla &#40;C-T&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; tambi&#233;n en adultos mayores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La sarcopenia&#44; p&#233;rdida primaria de masa muscular y fuerza o funci&#243;n f&#237;sica muscular&#44; es un problema vinculado con el envejecimiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; La asociaci&#243;n de obesidad y sarcopenia&#44; denominada obesidad sarcop&#233;nica &#40;OS&#41;&#44; aumenta las comorbilidades en los adultos mayores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; El per&#237;metro de la pantorrilla &#40;PP&#41; es un indicador sensible de la masa muscular en los ancianos&#46; Se ha propuesto como punto de corte valores &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En este contexto&#44; el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de obesidad y obesidad abdominal &#40;OA&#41; con base en mediciones antropom&#233;tricas individuales&#44; seg&#250;n diferentes criterios&#44; en poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola de 65 y m&#225;s a&#241;os&#44; analizar su distribuci&#243;n seg&#250;n la edad&#44; el sexo&#44; ubicaci&#243;n geogr&#225;fica&#44; la influencia de algunos factores sociodemogr&#225;ficos y su asociaci&#243;n con factores de riesgo cardiovascular&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio es parte del estudio ENPE &#40;Estudio Nutricional de la Poblaci&#243;n Espa&#241;ola&#41;&#44; estudio observacional&#44; transversal&#44; dise&#241;ado con el fin de obtener una actualizaci&#243;n sobre los h&#225;bitos de consumo alimentario&#44; datos antropom&#233;tricos y actividad f&#237;sica en poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola mayor de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os no institucionalizada&#46; El estudio se realiz&#243; en una muestra probabil&#237;stica de base poblacional&#44; seleccionada por un procedimiento aleatorio poliet&#225;pico&#44; descrito en publicaciones precedentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#44; con estratificaci&#243;n de las unidades de primera etapa &#40;secciones censales&#41; por comunidades aut&#243;nomas&#46; Las unidades de segunda etapa fueron las viviendas principales&#44; y en cada hogar se seleccionaba un individuo con cuotas controladas y afijaci&#243;n proporcional seg&#250;n densidad poblacional por grupos de edad &#40;3-8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; 9-18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; 19-64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#41;&#44; sexo y tama&#241;o del municipio &#40;&#225;mbito poblacional&#58; personas residentes en viviendas familiares principales de todo el territorio nacional&#41;&#46; Se excluy&#243; de las mediciones antropom&#233;tricas personas que no pod&#237;an mantenerse en bipedestaci&#243;n o con brazos y&#47;o piernas inmovilizados con f&#233;rulas de escayola que no pod&#237;an retirarse&#46; Se reclut&#243; la muestra por rutas aleatorias&#44; puerta a puerta&#46; La recogida de datos se extendi&#243; durante un a&#241;o &#40;mayo 2014-mayo 2015&#41;&#46; Se realiz&#243; mediante entrevista personal en el domicilio del participante&#46; La muestra final incluy&#243; 6&#46;800 individuos&#44; 1&#46;233 &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Mediciones antropom&#233;tricas</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Realizaron las mediciones antropom&#233;tricas individuales encuestadores profesionales bien entrenados&#44; que recibieron formaci&#243;n espec&#237;fica de manera presencial de los autores del estudio&#44; siguiendo procedimientos internacionales estandarizados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> probados previamente en un estudio piloto&#46; Las mediciones se realizaron con los sujetos en bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; descalzos y con ropa ligera&#58; Talla&#44; medida en cent&#237;metros utilizando un tall&#237;metro port&#225;til Seca modelo 213 &#40;Seca GmbH &#38; Co&#46; Kg&#46;&#59; Hamburgo&#44; Alemania&#41; &#40;l&#237;mites&#44; 0-200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; precisi&#243;n&#44; 0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&#46; Peso corporal&#44; utilizando b&#225;sculas digitales calibradas Seca modelo 803 &#40;l&#237;mites&#44; 0&#44;1-150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#59; precisi&#243;n&#44; 0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#41;&#46; PC&#44; medido en el punto medio entre el &#250;ltimo reborde costal y la cresta iliaca&#44; a la altura de la mitad de la axila&#44; perpendicular al eje longitudinal del tronco&#44; al final de una espiraci&#243;n normal&#44; con los brazos relajados a cada lado&#46; Per&#237;metro de la cadera&#44; medido en el punto de m&#225;xima circunferencia sobre las nalgas en un plano horizontal perpendicular al eje longitudinal del tronco&#46; Se calcul&#243; el IMC como el peso &#40;kg&#41;&#47;talla &#40;m&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#59; el &#237;ndice cintura-cadera &#40;C-C&#41; como PC &#40;cm&#41;&#47;per&#237;metro de la cadera &#40;cm&#41; y el C-T como PC &#40;cm&#41;&#47;talla &#40;cm&#41; y el &#237;ndice de adiposidad corporal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> como &#91;per&#237;metro de la cadera &#40;cm&#41;&#47;&#40;talla &#40;m&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#93;&#46; Se midi&#243; el PP en la pierna derecha&#44; en bipedestaci&#243;n en el punto de m&#225;xima circunferencia&#44; clasificando valores &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm como sarcopenia&#46; Todos los per&#237;metros se midieron por triplicado con una cinta m&#233;trica inextensible modelo Seca 201 &#40;intervalo&#44; 0-150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; precisi&#243;n&#44; 0&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los controles de calidad permitieron estimar errores t&#233;cnicos de medici&#243;n relativos intraobservador e interobservadores &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37; para todos los par&#225;metros antropom&#233;tricos referidos&#44; inferiores a los considerados aceptables<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se clasific&#243; como sobrepeso valores de IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25 y como obesidad&#44; IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#46; La OA se defini&#243; como valores de PC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm en varones y &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm en mujeres&#44; seg&#250;n los criterios de la OMS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Seg&#250;n el C-C&#44; se defini&#243; OA como valores &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;90 en varones y &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;85 en mujeres<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Considerando el C-T&#44; se defini&#243; OA para valores &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;55<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Factores sociodemogr&#225;ficos&#44; estilos de vida y problemas de salud</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se ha considerado sexo&#44; grupos de edad &#40;65-74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#59; &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#41;&#59; nivel educativo &#40;menos de estudios primarios&#44; estudios primarios&#44; secundarios y superiores&#41;&#59; nivel socioecon&#243;mico familiar seg&#250;n nivel de estudios y ocupaci&#243;n &#40;alto-medio alto&#59; medio-medio&#59; medio-bajo&#59; bajo&#41;&#59; regi&#243;n geogr&#225;fica &#40;norte-oeste &#91;Galicia&#44; Asturias&#93;&#44; norte-este &#91;Cantabria&#44; Pa&#237;s Vasco&#93;&#44; centro &#91;Castilla y Le&#243;n&#44; Madrid&#44; Extremadura&#44; Castilla-La Mancha&#93;&#44; centro-este &#91;Navarra&#44; La Rioja&#44; Arag&#243;n&#93;&#44; este &#91;Catalu&#241;a&#44; Baleares&#44; Comunidad Valenciana&#93; y sur &#91;Canarias&#44; Andaluc&#237;a&#44; Murcia&#93;&#41; y tama&#241;o de localidad de residencia desde menos de 5&#46;000 hasta m&#225;s de 200&#46;000 habitantes&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tambi&#233;n se ha considerado el h&#225;bito de fumar &#40;fumador&#44; exfumador&#44; no fumador&#41; y el nivel de actividad f&#237;sica &#40;baja&#44; moderada&#44; alta&#41;&#44; estimado mediante el cuestionario validado IPAQ<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; La presencia de problemas de salud como hipercolesterolemia&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;HTA&#41; y diabetes se valor&#243; como informaci&#243;n reportada por los encuestados&#44; mediante la pregunta&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#191;Padece de alguno de los siguientes problemas cr&#243;nicos de salud&#63;&#58; colesterol alto&#44; tensi&#243;n arterial alta y diabetes</span> con opciones de respuesta s&#237;&#47;no&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lisis de los datos</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis se realiz&#243; en los individuos &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os con informaci&#243;n completa para las variables de inter&#233;s &#40;1&#46;176 de IMC &#91;95&#44;4&#37;&#93;&#44; 1&#46;185 de PC y cadera &#91;96&#44;1&#37;&#93; y 960 &#91;77&#44;8&#37;&#93; para PP&#41;&#46; Se calcul&#243; la prevalencia de obesidad&#44; OA y OS con su intervalo de confianza del 95&#37; &#40;IC95&#37;&#41; por sexo y grupo de edad&#46; Se ponder&#243; la muestra de acuerdo con la distribuci&#243;n de la poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola&#46; Se utiliz&#243; la prueba t de Student para comparar medias por sexo y grupo de edad&#46; Se utilizaron la prueba &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> y el z-test para comparar las tasas de prevalencia seg&#250;n edad y sexo&#46; Se ha analizado la asociaci&#243;n de factores sociodemogr&#225;ficos con la prevalencia de obesidad y OA mediante modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica univariados y modelos ajustados por edad y sexo&#46; Tambi&#233;n se ha analizado mediante modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica la asociaci&#243;n de la obesidad&#44; OA y OS con factores de riesgo cardiovascular como hipercolesterolemia&#44; HTA y diabetes&#44; ajustados por edad&#44; sexo&#44; nivel educativo &#40;menos que primarios&#44; primarios&#44; secundarios&#44; superiores&#41;&#44; consumo de tabaco &#40;no&#44; exfumador&#44; fumador&#41;&#44; y actividad f&#237;sica &#40;baja&#44; moderada&#44; alta&#41;&#46; El an&#225;lisis tuvo en cuenta el dise&#241;o complejo de la muestra&#46; Se llev&#243; a cabo utilizando el paquete IBM SPSS v&#46; 24&#46;0&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Consideraciones &#233;ticas</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se inform&#243; a todos los participantes de los objetivos y procedimientos del estudio&#59; dieron por escrito su consentimiento para participar&#46; El protocolo final obtuvo la aprobaci&#243;n del Comit&#233; &#201;tico de Investigaci&#243;n Cl&#237;nica de Euskadi &#40;PI2015147&#41; y se llev&#243; a cabo de acuerdo con la Declaraci&#243;n de Helsinki para estudios en humanos de la Asociaci&#243;n M&#233;dica Mundial&#44; con estricto respeto a la confidencialidad de la informaci&#243;n de acuerdo con la Ley Org&#225;nica 15&#47;1999&#44; de 13 de diciembre&#44; de protecci&#243;n de datos de car&#225;cter personal en todos los procesos de grabaci&#243;n y tratamiento de la informaci&#243;n obtenida&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Resultados</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> se describe la distribuci&#243;n del colectivo estudiado y en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#44; las caracter&#237;sticas antropom&#233;tricas por grupos de edad y sexo&#46; En el grupo de edad 65-74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo en todos los indicadores antropom&#233;tricos considerados&#44; salvo en PP&#46; En el grupo de 75 y m&#225;s a&#241;os se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo para peso&#44; talla&#44; PC&#44; per&#237;metro de cadera&#44; C-C e &#237;ndice de adiposidad corporal&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con la edad disminuyen significativamente el peso y la talla&#44; tanto en hombres como en mujeres&#44; pero no var&#237;a significativamente el IMC&#46; Tambi&#233;n disminuye significativamente el per&#237;metro de cadera&#44; &#237;ndice C-T e &#237;ndice de adiposidad corporal en hombres&#46;</p><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Obesidad y obesidad abdominal</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de obesidad &#40;IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#41; 40&#44;1&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 36&#44;4-43&#44;8&#41;&#44; valores de IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#44; 14&#44;2&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 11&#44;7-16&#44;9&#41;&#44; y OA&#44; que alcanza el 69&#44;9&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 66&#44;4-73&#44;1&#41; seg&#250;n el PC y tasas superiores al considerar como criterio el &#237;ndice C-C y el &#237;ndice C-T&#44; as&#237; como la coincidencia de obesidad y OA &#40;PC&#41; 37&#44;0&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 33&#44;4-40&#44;6&#41; son mayores en mujeres que en hombres &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El 43&#37; de los clasificados como OA seg&#250;n el &#237;ndice C-T no se clasifican como OA seg&#250;n el PC&#46; El 39&#44;8&#37; de los clasificados como OA &#40;PC&#41; tienen IMC entre 25 y 29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No se observan diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos de edad considerados&#46; En contraste&#44; el 3&#44;7&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 2&#44;5-5&#44;3&#41; de las mujeres presentan valores del IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#44; 5&#44;3&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 3&#44;0-8&#44;2&#41; entre las de &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Obesidad y sarcopenia</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de sarcopenia se estima en el 17&#44;7&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 14&#44;3-21&#44;7&#41; en hombres y 21&#44;9&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 18&#44;7-25&#44;5&#41; en mujeres&#46; La prevalencia de OS 10&#44;9&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 8&#44;7-13&#44;3&#41; y la coincidencia de OA y sarcopenia 22&#44;0&#37; &#40;IC95&#37; 19&#44;1-25&#44;1&#41; son m&#225;s elevadas en mujeres&#46; En los hombres&#44; OS y OA sarcop&#233;nica son significativamente mayores en el grupo de edad entre 65 y 74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Factores sociodemogr&#225;ficos&#44; obesidad y obesidad abdominal</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a> se muestran las odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; de prevalencia crudas del an&#225;lisis univariado de la asociaci&#243;n de factores sociodemogr&#225;ficos con la prevalencia de obesidad y OA&#46; La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>A&#44;B muestra las OR de prevalencia ajustadas por edad y sexo para los factores sociodemogr&#225;ficos considerados como variables independientes en modelos con obesidad &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41; y OA &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41; como variables dependientes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ajustado por edad&#44; la probabilidad de obesidad es menor en hombres &#40;OR 0&#44;72&#59; IC95&#37; 0&#44;56-0&#44;92&#41;&#59; disminuye progresivamente a mayor nivel educativo respecto a quienes no han completado estudios primarios&#44; y en cuanto a la regi&#243;n geogr&#225;fica&#44; la probabilidad es menor en las regiones norte-este&#44; este y centro respecto a la regi&#243;n sur&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por lo que se refiere a la OA&#44; ajustado por edad&#44; tambi&#233;n es menor la probabilidad en hombres&#44; OR 0&#44;30 &#40;IC95&#37; 0&#44;24-0&#44;38&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41; y se asocia de forma inversa con el nivel de estudios&#46; La probabilidad de OA es menor en las regiones norte-este&#44; este y centro respecto a la regi&#243;n sur y es mayor en localidades de menos de 5&#46;000 habitantes respecto a las de mayor tama&#241;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Obesidad&#44; obesidad abdominal y factores de riesgo cardiovascular</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>A-C se muestran las OR de prevalencia ajustadas por edad&#44; sexo&#44; nivel educativo&#44; h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico y nivel de actividad f&#237;sica asociadas a la obesidad&#44; OA &#40;PC&#41;&#44; OA &#40;&#237;ndice C-T&#41; y OS en relaci&#243;n con la presencia de hipercolesterolemia&#44; HTA o diabetes&#46; Obesidad&#44; OA&#44; seg&#250;n PC y seg&#250;n &#237;ndice C-T&#44; y OS se asocian con mayor probabilidad de hipercolesterolemia e HTA&#46; La OS aumenta la probabilidad de diabetes&#44; OR 2&#44;2 &#40;IC95&#37; 1&#44;3-3&#44;7&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el estudio ENPE se ha estimado una alta prevalencia de obesidad en adultos de 65 y m&#225;s a&#241;os de edad&#44; mayor en mujeres &#40;40&#44;1&#37;&#41; que en hombres &#40;32&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; La prevalencia de OA seg&#250;n el PC tambi&#233;n es mayor en mujeres &#40;69&#44;9&#37;&#41; que en hombres &#40;40&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; y cuando se utilizan otros criterios de OA&#44; como el &#237;ndice C-C o el &#237;ndice C-T&#44; las estimaciones son a&#250;n m&#225;s elevadas&#46; Estos datos sugieren que una proporci&#243;n considerable de personas clasificadas en funci&#243;n del IMC como no obesas se clasifican como OA&#44; condici&#243;n asociada con mayor riesgo metab&#243;lico y cardiovascular&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con los procesos de envejecimiento se producen cambios en la composici&#243;n corporal&#44; con aumento de la masa grasa y modificaciones en su distribuci&#243;n&#44; con tendencia a mayor dep&#243;sito de grasa intraabdominal sobre todo en mujeres&#44; menor masa magra y disminuci&#243;n de la masa &#243;sea&#46; En este grupo de edad con frecuencia es problem&#225;tico estimar la talla por alteraciones en los discos intervertebrales&#44; cifoescoliosis y dificultades para mantenerse en bipedestaci&#243;n con rodillas y caderas extendidas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46; El IMC no diferencia el componente muscular del adiposo&#46; A pesar de ello&#44; se utiliza el IMC y los mismos puntos de corte que en poblaci&#243;n adulta para estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en ancianos&#44; aunque se recomienda a&#241;adir el PC a este indicador<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46; Se ha sugerido que el &#237;ndice C-T podr&#237;a estimar mejor el riesgo asociado con el exceso de adiposidad corporal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Publicaciones recientes sit&#250;an las tasas de prevalencia de obesidad en poblaci&#243;n mayor de 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os en Espa&#241;a &#40;datos autorreferidos&#41; entre las m&#225;s altas de Europa&#44; aunque con tendencia decreciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; A partir de mediciones individuales&#44; en EE&#46; UU&#46; &#40;datos NHANES 2013-2014&#41;&#44; se ha estimado una prevalencia de obesidad del 38&#44;5&#37; en mayores de 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> y en M&#233;xico &#40;datos ENSANUT 2012&#41; se estimaba que el 30&#44;2&#37; de los mayores de 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os eran obesos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46; Los resultados del National Food&#44; Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016 en Portugal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> reflejan una prevalencia de obesidad del 39&#44;2&#37; &#40;65-84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#41;&#44; mayor que en ENPE &#40;36&#44;9&#37;&#41; &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las tasas estimadas en ENPE son similares a las referidas para este grupo de edad en ENRICA &#40;2008-2010&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> &#40;35&#37;&#41; y en mujeres en EXERNET &#40;2008-2009&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> &#40;40&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; aunque son mayores en hombres &#40;32&#44;5&#37;&#41; que en EXERNET &#40;26&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Incluso&#44; an&#225;lisis previos como PREV-ICTUS &#40;2005&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> o DORICA &#40;2004&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> expresaban prevalencias en torno al 35&#37;&#46; En todos los casos&#44; la prevalencia de obesidad es mayor en mujeres que en hombres&#44; en la misma l&#237;nea que los resultados del ENPE&#46; Esta distribuci&#243;n asim&#233;trica entre sexos podr&#237;a deberse&#44; por una parte&#44; a que los hombres tienen mayor cantidad relativa de masa magra que las mujeres&#44; y por otra&#44; a que las mujeres tienen mayor tendencia a acumular grasa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analizando conjuntamente estos datos&#44; se observa que en las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas se ha producido un leve aumento de la sobrecarga ponderal&#44; que podr&#237;a deberse al progresivo aumento de esperanza de vida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#44; y quiz&#225; tambi&#233;n a modificaciones en los estilos de vida en la poblaci&#243;n adulta mayor&#46; Es m&#225;s&#44; de acuerdo con las proyecciones del avance del problema en Espa&#241;a se estima que en la pr&#243;xima d&#233;cada avanzar&#225; de manera que supondr&#225; un sobrecoste en torno al 58&#37; en gasto sanitario directo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; A ello debemos a&#241;adir que&#44; en el caso de las personas mayores&#44; la OS se asocia con mayor riesgo de ca&#237;das&#44; con el impacto que conllevan sobre la calidad de vida y la fragilidad en las personas de edad avanzada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;25&#44;26</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En relaci&#243;n con la distribuci&#243;n geogr&#225;fica&#44; la prevalencia de obesidad en poblaci&#243;n &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os en ENPE es mayor en el sur en relaci&#243;n con el norte y el este&#44; patr&#243;n similar al descrito en otros grupos de edad y coincidente con datos de otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;20&#44;21&#44;23&#44;27</span></a>&#44; tanto en adultos m&#225;s j&#243;venes como en mayores de 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#46; Se ha postulado que estas diferencias podr&#237;an deberse a factores idiosincr&#225;sicos de cada comunidad&#44; probablemente relacionados con h&#225;bitos diet&#233;ticos y estilos de vida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#44; aunque tambi&#233;n se ha sugerido la posible influencia del menor nivel socioecon&#243;mico en las regiones del sur<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre los predictores sociodemogr&#225;ficos de obesidad y OA se ha observado una relaci&#243;n inversa con el nivel educativo&#44; que tambi&#233;n refieren otros estudios en adultos mayores y en otros grupos de edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;20&#44;21&#44;23&#44;27</span></a>&#44; y mayor prevalencia en localidades peque&#241;as&#44; en &#225;mbito rural&#44; en consonancia con hallazgos en otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia estimada de OA &#40;PC&#41; en este grupo etario &#40;57&#44;4&#37;&#41; es algo m&#225;s elevada que la referida en EXERNET &#40;55&#44;9&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#44; pero con igual distribuci&#243;n en hombres y en mujeres&#46; La prevalencia de OA seg&#250;n este criterio en ENRICA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#44; para este grupo de edad&#44; fue mayor en hombres &#40;50&#44;9&#37;&#41; y similar en mujeres&#44; con mayor prevalencia a partir de los 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; igual que en ENPE&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En EE&#46; UU&#46;&#44; el an&#225;lisis de datos NHANES 1999-2012&#44; ajustado por edad&#44; estimaba que la prevalencia de OA &#40;PC&#41; ha aumentado en este periodo en casi 8 puntos porcentuales para situarse en el 54&#44;2&#37; &#40;2011-2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#44; a pesar de que la prevalencia de obesidad parece haberse estabilizado&#46; En Reino Unido &#40;38&#44;8&#37; hombres&#59; 51&#44;2&#37; mujeres&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> y en Portugal &#40;32&#44;1&#37; hombres&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> se han referido tasas de OA muy por debajo de las estimadas en ENPE&#44; utilizando los mismos criterios&#44; aunque en las mujeres portuguesas de igual edad la prevalencia de OA se sit&#250;a en cifras similares &#40;69&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; Datos m&#225;s recientes en Portugal reportan una prevalencia de OA en poblaci&#243;n de 65-84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; seg&#250;n el &#237;ndice C-C&#44; del 80&#44;2&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#44; algo por debajo de la estimaci&#243;n en ENPE con este par&#225;metro &#40;82&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estos datos reflejan una situaci&#243;n y una tendencia preocupante entre los adultos mayores espa&#241;oles&#44; ya que no solo existe una mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad&#44; sino tambi&#233;n de OA&#44; lo que acent&#250;a la necesidad de implementar urgentemente medidas para frenar o revertir dicha tendencia&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existe evidencia de que los adultos mayores con obesidad y sarcopenia tienen peor capacidad funcional y parece que ambos problemas act&#250;an de forma sin&#233;rgica&#44; aumentando el riesgo de discapacidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46; En ENPE se ha estimado la prevalencia de OS en un 10&#44;3&#37; en hombres y un 10&#44;9&#37; en mujeres&#44; cifras inferiores a las referidas en EXERNET &#40;15&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> y en la cohorte ENRICA-Senior &#40;17&#44;2&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#44; aunque en ambos estudios se estim&#243; la masa muscular mediante impedanciometr&#237;a&#46; Son limitados los estudios poblacionales con estimaciones de prevalencia de OS y es dif&#237;cil la comparaci&#243;n porque no existe consenso sobre su definici&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La obesidad&#44; OA y OS aumentan el riesgo de comorbilidades asociadas con mayor riesgo de discapacidad&#44; peor calidad de vida y mortalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46; En este an&#225;lisis se ha observado que las tres condiciones se asocian de forma independiente con mayor probabilidad de hipercolesterolemia e HTA y la OS&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; con diabetes&#44; en consonancia con los hallazgos en otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;27</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre las fortalezas del estudio ENPE cabe destacar que se ha realizado en una muestra aleatoria representativa de la poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola no institucionalizada&#44; considerando la distribuci&#243;n geogr&#225;fica&#46; El cuidado dise&#241;o del protocolo de estudio&#44; adiestramiento de encuestadores y control de calidad durante el trabajo de campo proporcionan estimaciones actualizadas de prevalencia de obesidad&#44; OA seg&#250;n distintos indicadores y OS en poblaci&#243;n de 65 y m&#225;s a&#241;os&#46; Como limitaciones&#44; cabe mencionar que la informaci&#243;n sobre problemas de salud de los pacientes se ha considerado a partir de informaci&#243;n reportada por los encuestados y no mediante estimaciones objetivas y&#44; por otro lado&#44; el dise&#241;o transversal del estudio no permite establecer relaciones de causalidad&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados de este estudio ponen de manifiesto tasas de prevalencia de obesidad y especialmente de OA muy elevadas en la poblaci&#243;n de 65 y m&#225;s a&#241;os&#46; El aumento en la esperanza de vida hace necesario conseguir mejorar la calidad de vida en la edad avanzada&#46; Para ello&#44; promover la adecuaci&#243;n de los h&#225;bitos alimentarios&#44; la pr&#225;ctica de actividad f&#237;sica y reducir el sedentarismo son claves para la prevenci&#243;n del problema desde edades tempranas&#44; considerando especialmente los grupos socioecon&#243;micos menos favorecidos y los entornos urbanos en las localidades de menor tama&#241;o para reforzar los recursos e iniciativas de promoci&#243;n de la salud en todos los grupos de edad&#46; Tambi&#233;n en la edad adulta&#44; con particular atenci&#243;n y apoyo a las personas mayores&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; la prevalencia de obesidad en poblaci&#243;n de 65 y m&#225;s a&#241;os en Espa&#241;a es alta&#44; mayor en mujeres&#44; en personas con menor nivel educativo y en la regi&#243;n sur&#46; Es especialmente preocupante la alta prevalencia de OA en este grupo de edad&#44; sobre todo en las mujeres&#44; por su asociaci&#243;n con complicaciones cardiovasculares&#44; metab&#243;licas&#44; fragilidad general y deterioro de la calidad de vida&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio ENPE fue financiado por la Fundaci&#243;n Eroski a trav&#233;s de un acuerdo con SPRIM y la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Nutrici&#243;n Comunitaria &#40;SENC&#41;&#46; El patrocinador no ha intervenido en el dise&#241;o del estudio&#44; la recogida de datos&#44; el an&#225;lisis o la interpretaci&#243;n de los resultados&#44; la redacci&#243;n del manuscrito o la decisi&#243;n de publicar los resultados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores no tienen conflicto de inter&#233;s que declarar en relaci&#243;n con este trabajo&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Antecedentes y objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar la prevalencia de obesidad y obesidad abdominal &#40;OA&#41; en poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; analizar la influencia de algunos factores sociodemogr&#225;ficos y su asociaci&#243;n con factores de riesgo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La muestra procede del estudio ENPE&#44; estudio transversal en muestra aleatoria representativa de la poblaci&#243;n no institucionalizada &#40;2014-2015&#41;&#46; Este an&#225;lisis se refiere a poblaci&#243;n &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;233&#41;&#46; Observadores entrenados realizaron mediciones antropom&#233;tricas en los domicilios seg&#250;n protocolos internacionales estandarizados&#46; Se consider&#243; obesidad &#40;&#237;ndice de masa corporal &#91;IMC&#93; &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#41;&#59; OA &#40;cintura &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm varones&#59; &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm mujeres&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha estimado una alta prevalencia de obesidad en adultos &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; mayor en mujeres &#40;40&#44;1&#37; &#91;IC95&#37; 36&#44;4-43&#44;8&#93;&#41; que en hombres &#40;32&#44;5&#37; &#91;IC95&#37; 28&#44;5-36&#44;8&#93;&#41;&#46; La prevalencia de OA tambi&#233;n es mayor en mujeres &#40;69&#44;9&#37; &#91;IC95&#37; 66&#44;4-73&#44;1&#93;&#41; que en hombres &#40;40&#44;7&#37; &#91;IC95&#37; 36&#44;5-44&#44;8&#93;&#41;&#44; y es a&#250;n mayor al definir OA considerando el &#237;ndice cintura-cadera o el &#237;ndice cintura-talla&#46; El 39&#44;8&#37; de tipificados como OA tienen IMC entre 25-29&#46; Obesidad y OA son m&#225;s frecuentes en el sur respecto al este&#44; norte-este y centro y tienen relaci&#243;n inversa con el nivel educativo&#46; Obesidad y OA se asocian con mayor probabilidad de hipercolesterolemia e hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#46; La obesidad sarcop&#233;nica tambi&#233;n se asocia&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; con diabetes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de obesidad y OA en adultos &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os es alta&#44; mayor en mujeres&#44; en personas con menor nivel educativo y en la regi&#243;n sur respecto al este&#44; norte-este y centro&#46; Es especialmente preocupante la alta prevalencia de OA por su asociaci&#243;n con complicaciones cardiovasculares&#44; metab&#243;licas y deterioro de la calidad de vida&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivos"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Background and objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To assess the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity &#40;AO&#41; in the Spanish population aged &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65 years&#44; to analyse the influence of selected sociodemographic factors and association with risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sample comes from the ENPE study&#44; a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized population &#40;2014-2015&#41;&#46; This analysis refers to the population &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65 years &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;233&#41;&#46; Trained observers performed anthropometric measurements at participants&#8217; homes following standard international protocols&#46; Obesity was defined as body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#59; AO waist<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm men&#59; &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm women&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estimated prevalence of obesity in adults &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65 years was high&#44; higher in women &#40;40&#46;1&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI 36&#46;4-43&#46;8&#93;&#41; than in men &#40;32&#46;5&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI 28&#46;5-36&#46;8&#93;&#41;&#46; The prevalence of AO was also higher in women &#40;69&#46;9&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI 66&#46;4-73&#46;1&#93;&#41; than in men &#40;40&#46;7&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI 36&#46;5-44&#46;8&#93;&#41;&#44; and estimates were even higher when defining AO by waist-hip ratio or waist-height ratio&#46; Of those classified as AO&#44; 39&#46;8&#37; have a BMI between 25-29&#46; Obesity and AO are higher in the South region compared to East&#44; North-East and Central regions and showed inverse association with educational level&#46; Obesity and AO were associated with increased probability of hypercholesterolaemia and high blood pressure&#44; sarcopenic obesity&#44; and diabetes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of obesity and AO in adults aged &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65 years is high&#44; higher in women&#44; in people of lower educational level and in the South region compared to East&#44; North-East and Central regions&#46; The high prevalence of OA is especially worrying due to its association with cardiovascular and metabolic complications and poorer quality of life&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Condicionantes sociodemogr&#225;ficos de la obesidad &#40;A&#41; y obesidad abdominal &#40;B&#41; en adultos &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os de edad&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica ajustado por edad y sexo&#46; Los rombos representan OR de prevalencia ajustadas y las barras el intervalo de confianza al 95&#37;&#46;</p> <p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Obesidad abdominal seg&#250;n per&#237;metro de cintura &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm en varones y &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm en mujeres&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Asociaci&#243;n de obesidad&#44; obesidad abdominal seg&#250;n distintos criterios y obesidad sarcop&#233;nica con la prevalencia de hipercolesterolemia &#40;A&#41;&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;B&#41; y diabetes &#40;C&#41; en adultos &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os de edad&#46;</p> <p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica ajustados por edad&#44; sexo&#44; nivel educativo &#40;menos que primarios&#44; primarios&#44; secundarios&#44; superiores&#41;&#44; consumo de tabaco &#40;no&#44; exfumador&#44; fumador&#41;&#44; y actividad f&#237;sica &#40;baja&#44; moderada&#44; alta&#41;&#44; con la obesidad &#40;modelo I&#41;&#44; obesidad abdominal seg&#250;n per&#237;metro de la cintura &#40;modelo II&#41;&#44; &#237;ndice cintura-cadera &#40;modelo III&#41;&#44; &#237;ndice cintura-talla &#40;modelo IV&#41; y obesidad sarcop&#233;nica &#40;modelo V&#41; como variables independientes y la hipercolesterolemia &#40;A&#41;&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;B&#41; y diabetes &#40;C&#41; como variables dependientes&#46; Los rombos representan OR de prevalencia ajustadas y las barras el intervalo de confianza al 95&#37;&#46;</p> <p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ob abdominal &#40;PC&#41;&#58; obesidad abdominal definida seg&#250;n el valor del per&#237;metro de cintura&#46;</p> <p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ob abdominal &#40;C-C&#41;&#58; obesidad abdominal definida seg&#250;n el &#237;ndice cintura-cadera&#46;</p> <p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ob abdominal &#40;C-T&#41;&#58; obesidad abdominal definida seg&#250;n el &#237;ndice cintura-talla&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">83 &#40;11&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">299 &#40;24&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">138 &#40;25&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">161 &#40;23&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">224 &#40;18&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">96 &#40;18&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">128 &#40;18&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">198 &#40;16&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">88 &#40;16&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">110 &#40;15&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">70 &#40;13&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">106 &#40;15&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Menos que primarios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">522 &#40;45&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">188 &#40;37&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">76 &#40;15&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;7&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;10&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">212 &#40;17&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">95 &#40;17&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 15&#46;000 y 50&#46;000 habitantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">221 &#40;17&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">96 &#40;18&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">125 &#40;17&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 50&#46;000 y 200&#46;000 habitantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">274 &#40;22&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">124 &#40;23&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">150 &#40;21&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#225;s de 200&#46;000 habitantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">277 &#40;22&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">111 &#40;20&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">166 &#40;23&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p &#40;sexo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media&#40;IC95&#37; Li-Ls&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media&#40;IC95&#37; Li-Ls&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">65 a 74</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#241;os</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">69 &#40;68-69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">418&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">69 &#40;68-69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Peso &#40;kg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">71&#44;8 &#40;70&#44;5-73&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">401&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">156&#44;9 &#40;156&#44;2-157&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice de masa corporal &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Circunferencia de la cintura &#40;cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">95&#44;0 &#40;93&#44;7-96&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Circunferencia de la cadera &#40;cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">106&#44;4 &#40;105&#44;1-107&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice de masa corporal &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Circunferencia de la cintura &#40;cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Circunferencia de la cadera &#40;cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice cintura-cadera&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice cintura-talla&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice adiposidad corporal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Circunferencia de la pantorrilla &#40;cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">35&#44;4 &#40;34&#44;4-36&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;1 &#40;36&#44;4-43&#44;8&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;2 &#40;11&#44;7-16&#44;9&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal PC &#40;H<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; M<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">219&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;7 &#40;36&#44;5-44&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#44;9 &#40;66&#44;4-73&#44;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal C-C &#40;H<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;90&#59; M<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">85&#44;9 &#40;82&#44;6-88&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">528&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">79&#44;5 &#40;76&#44;2-82&#44;3&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal C-T &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">73&#44;3 &#40;70&#44;0-76&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>obesidad abdominal PC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">249&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">37&#44;0 &#40;33&#44;4-40&#44;6&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;3 &#40;7&#44;9-13&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;9 &#40;8&#44;7-13&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal PC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;7 &#40;9&#44;2-14&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">159&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;0 &#40;19&#44;1-25&#44;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>OB abdominal PC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;3 &#40;7&#44;9-13&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;9 &#40;8&#44;7-13&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">65 a 74</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#241;os</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#44;7 &#40;14&#44;9-23&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#44;3 &#40;17&#44;4-25&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC 25-29&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">159&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&#44;2 &#40;43&#44;7-54&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">159&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&#44;6 &#40;35&#44;0-44&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#44;1 &#40;27&#44;2-37&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&#44;1 &#40;34&#44;5-44&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;3 &#40;2&#44;5-6&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;4 &#40;9&#44;4-15&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal PC &#40;H<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; M<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">143&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&#44;7 &#40;34&#44;8-44&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">297&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#44;9 &#40;64&#44;4-73&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal C-C &#40;H<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;90&#59; M<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">288&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#44;8 &#40;81&#44;7-89&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">318&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78&#44;1 &#40;73&#44;9-81&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal C-T &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#44;6 &#40;64&#44;5-74&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">308&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#44;5 &#40;67&#44;1-75&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>obesidad abdominal PC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;1 &#40;18&#44;0-27&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">146&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#44;4 &#40;31&#44;8-41&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;1 &#40;14&#44;6-24&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;5 &#40;15&#44;5-24&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;5 &#40;9&#44;4-16&#44;6&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;8 &#40;8&#44;0-14&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal PC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;5 &#40;11&#44;1-18&#44;4&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#44;2 &#40;20&#44;3-28&#44;3&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>OB abdominal PC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;5 &#40;9&#44;4-16&#44;6&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;8 &#40;8&#44;0-14&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">75 y m&#225;s a&#241;os</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#44;3 &#40;15&#44;7-28&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;1 &#40;15&#44;7-25&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC 25-29&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&#44;6 &#40;38&#44;4-53&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">105&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&#44;4 &#40;32&#44;8-44&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#44;1 &#40;26&#44;5-40&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">113&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#44;5 &#40;35&#44;7-47&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IMC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;3 &#40;0&#44;8-5&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#44;8 &#40;12&#44;7-21&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal PC &#40;H<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#59; M<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#44;5 &#40;35&#44;2-49&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">208&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#44;3 &#40;65&#44;9-76&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal C-C &#40;H<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;90&#59; M<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">142&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#44;9 &#40;80&#44;2-90&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">211&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#44;6 &#40;76&#44;7-86&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad abdominal C-T &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">137&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&#44;3 &#40;69&#44;5-81&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">221&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&#44;9 &#40;70&#44;5-80&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>obesidad abdominal PC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#44;5 &#40;19&#44;5-32&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#44;9 &#40;32&#44;1-43&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;4 &#40;10&#44;6-22&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#44;1 &#40;20&#44;0-30&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesidad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>sarcopenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;47 &#40;0&#44;32-0&#44;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Superiores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;30 &#40;0&#44;18-0&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;38 &#40;0&#44;25-0&#44;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Regi&#243;n geogr&#225;fica</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sur&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Norte-oeste&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;96 &#40;0&#44;62-1&#44;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;846&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;74 &#40;0&#44;49-1&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;173&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Norte-este&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;36 &#40;0&#44;20-0&#44;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;43 &#40;0&#44;26-0&#44;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Centro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;66 &#40;0&#44;47-0&#44;93&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;018&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;59 &#40;0&#44;43-0&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Centro-este&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;79 &#40;0&#44;45-1&#44;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;406&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;74 &#40;0&#44;43-1&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;275&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Este&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;56 &#40;0&#44;40-0&#44;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;63 &#40;0&#44;46-0&#44;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tama&#241;o de poblaci&#243;n</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Menos de 5&#46;000 h&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 5&#46;000 y 15&#46;000 h&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;25 &#40;0&#44;84-1&#44;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;264&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;53 &#40;0&#44;36-0&#44;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 15&#46;000 y 50&#46;000 h&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71 &#40;0&#44;47-1&#44;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;110&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;47 &#40;0&#44;31-0&#44;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Entre 50&#46;000 y 200&#46;000 h&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;77 &#40;0&#44;52-1&#44;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;175&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;47 &#40;0&#44;32-0&#44;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#225;s de 200&#46;000 h&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;03 &#40;0&#44;71-1&#44;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;861&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;61 &#40;0&#44;42-0&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2800824.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 00257753
Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1016/j.medcli.2020.10.025
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