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Utilidad de la ecografía de la arteria femoral complementaria a la exploración carotídea para la detección de ateromatosis subclínica en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana
Usefulness of artery femoral ultrasound complementary to carotid exploration for the detection of subclinical atheromatosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Guillermo Verdejo-Muñoza,
Autor para correspondencia
gverdejo@csapg.cat

Autor para correspondencia.
, César Gálvez-Barrónb, Sara Gamarra-Calvoc, Isabel Sanjoaquin Conded, Andrés Catenae, José Ramón Blanco Ramosf
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Consorci Sanitari Alt Penedès i Garraf, Barcelona, España
b Área de Investigación, Consorci Sanitari Alt Penedès i Garraf, Barcelona, España
c Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
d Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
e Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
f Servicio de Enfermedades infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro, Centro de investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, España
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se recomienda la detecci&#243;n de la EAS mediante la exploraci&#243;n de la regi&#243;n carot&#237;dea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estudios realizados en otras patolog&#237;as cr&#243;nicas&#44; como la artritis reumatoide y la diabetes mellitus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; han evidenciado una probable infraestimaci&#243;n de la prevalencia de EAS cuando su detecci&#243;n se basa exclusivamente en la exploraci&#243;n a nivel carot&#237;deo&#46; Por otro lado&#44; Belcaro et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> realizaron un estudio prospectivo de 10 a&#241;os de seguimiento con 13&#46;221 sujetos sanos de bajo riesgo cardiovascular&#44; concluyendo que el estudio combinado de car&#243;tidas y femoral parece predecir eventos cardiovasculares de manera m&#225;s precoz que los realizados exclusivamente en car&#243;tidas&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A la fecha&#44; no disponemos de datos definitivos sobre el aumento de la detecci&#243;n de la EAS a trav&#233;s de la exploraci&#243;n ecogr&#225;fica combinada &#40;carot&#237;dea y femoral&#41; en pacientes con VIH&#46; Por ello&#44; en el presente estudio se eval&#250;a el aumento de la detecci&#243;n de la EAS a trav&#233;s de la exploraci&#243;n ecogr&#225;fica combinada en pacientes afectados por VIH&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material y m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional&#44; transversal y prospectivo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Muestra</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes mayores de 18 a&#241;os diagnosticados de VIH a trav&#233;s de enzimoinmunoan&#225;lisis y confirmaci&#243;n por Western blot&#44; desde enero de 2008 a junio de 2017&#44; en el &#225;rea III de Zaragoza&#44; Espa&#241;a&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Pruebas diagn&#243;sticas y variables del estudio</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La EAS fue definida como la presencia en la exploraci&#243;n ecogr&#225;fica de placa de ateroma definida por una estructura focal que invade la luz arterial al menos 0&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm o el 50&#37; del valor del GIM que la rodea&#44; o de un engrosamiento intimal de al menos 1&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La exploraci&#243;n ecogr&#225;fica de ambas regiones se llev&#243; a cabo el mismo d&#237;a&#44; por el mismo evaluador y siempre en el mismo orden &#40;primero la regi&#243;n carot&#237;dea&#41;&#46; Se utiliz&#243; un ec&#243;grafo de la marca General Electric&#44; modelo Logiq V5 con sonda lineal de alta frecuencia &#40;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MHz&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La exploraci&#243;n carot&#237;dea se realiz&#243; con el cuello en hiperextensi&#243;n cervical y con la cabeza ligeramente ladeada hacia al lado contrario al explorado y tras un per&#237;odo de reposo de 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46; Se exploraron ambas car&#243;tidas en todo su recorrido&#46; La medici&#243;n del GIM se realiz&#243; con un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> de cuantificaci&#243;n avanzada &#40;EchoPAC&#174;&#41;&#46; Se determin&#243; la placa de ateromatosis y el GIM carot&#237;deo seg&#250;n los criterios de Mannheim<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La exploraci&#243;n femoral incluy&#243; ambas arterias femorales comunes&#44; evalu&#225;ndose &#250;nicamente la presencia o ausencia de placa ateroescler&#243;tica ya que hasta el momento no existe un consenso claro sobre el valor del GIM femoral&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El mismo d&#237;a de las exploraciones ecogr&#225;ficas tambi&#233;n se recolectaron datos sociodemogr&#225;ficos&#44; comorbilidades y par&#225;metros anal&#237;ticos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La utilidad adicional de la ecograf&#237;a femoral sobre la carot&#237;dea se analiz&#243; comparando la proporci&#243;n de pacientes con criterios de la EAS &#40;respecto al total de pacientes&#41; detectados por ambas t&#233;cnicas&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se evalu&#243; la simetr&#237;a del GIM carot&#237;deo&#44; di&#225;metro arterial carot&#237;deo y grosor femoral comparando las medias de ambos lados a trav&#233;s del estad&#237;stico t de Student&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica se estableci&#243; en el 5&#37; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Los datos perdidos no se imputaron y no se incluyeron en los an&#225;lisis&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio fue aprobado por el comit&#233; de &#233;tica de referencia &#40;CEICA Acta N&#46;&#176; 08&#47;2017&#41;&#46; Todos los participantes otorgaron su consentimiento informado&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se reclut&#243; al 100&#37; de los pacientes potencialmente candidatos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102&#41;&#46; Los datos basales se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; El tiempo medio de infecci&#243;n fue de 4&#44;49 &#40;desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar &#91;DE&#93;&#58; 3&#44;09&#41; a&#241;os&#46; Respecto a la carga viral&#44; solo 2 pacientes tuvieron carga viral detectable&#44; con una viremia menor a 200 copias&#47;ml en ambos casos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las medias globales del GIM carot&#237;deo&#44; di&#225;metro arterial carot&#237;deo&#44; y del grosor femoral fueron de 0&#44;658<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; 6&#44;036<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm y 0&#44;607<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; respectivamente&#46; Las medias de cada lado se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; Respecto a la simetr&#237;a de estas medias&#44; ning&#250;n par&#225;metro mostr&#243; diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas entre un lado y otro&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de ateromatosis carotidea fue del 15&#44;7&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;&#44; y la prevalencia de ateromatosis femoral fue del 18&#44;6&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#41;&#46; La proporci&#243;n de pacientes con criterios de EAS global &#40;afectaci&#243;n carot&#237;dea o femoral&#41; fue del 23&#44;5&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41;&#46; Esto implica un aumento de detecci&#243;n de EAS del 7&#44;84&#37; &#40;intervalo de confianza al 95&#37; &#91;IC 95&#37;&#93;&#58; 2&#44;63-13&#44;06&#37;&#41; cuando se usan ambas t&#233;cnicas&#44; lo que representa un aumento relativo del 49&#44;7&#37; en la detecci&#243;n de la EAS con respecto al criterio &#250;nico de afectaci&#243;n carot&#237;dea&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se detectaron 21 placas de ateroma a nivel carot&#237;deo y 26 a nivel femoral&#44; la mayor&#237;a en el lado derecho&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> se muestra la distribuci&#243;n de las placas seg&#250;n el territorio y lado afectado&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre los pacientes afectados de le EAS &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41;&#44; un 33&#44;3&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> de los pacientes ten&#237;an su localizaci&#243;n exclusivamente femoral y un 20&#44;8&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> solo afectaci&#243;n carot&#237;dea&#46; El resto &#40;45&#44;8&#37;&#41; ten&#237;a afectaci&#243;n de ambos territorios&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro estudio muestra que la detecci&#243;n de la EAS aumenta cuando a la exploraci&#243;n ecogr&#225;fica carot&#237;dea se a&#241;ade la exploraci&#243;n del territorio femoral&#46; La importancia de explorar tambi&#233;n la regi&#243;n femoral destaca m&#225;s considerando los hallazgos del estudio PESA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> en personas de 40 a 54 a&#241;os &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;184&#41;&#44; donde se report&#243; que la regi&#243;n con mayor prevalencia de placas ateromatosas fue la femoral &#40;44&#37;&#41;&#44; seguida de la carot&#237;dea &#40;31&#37;&#41; y a&#243;rtica &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#46; Otros 2 estudios en pacientes afectados por VIH&#44; con objetivos primarios diferentes al nuestro&#44; tambi&#233;n han reportado un aumento de detecci&#243;n de EAS cuando se asocia la exploraci&#243;n femoral a la carot&#237;dea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;8</span></a>&#46; Reconocemos un posible sesgo en relaci&#243;n a que fue el mismo evaluador quien explor&#243; ambos territorios y siempre empezando por el territorio carot&#237;deo &#40;podr&#237;a haber ocurrido una tendencia subjetiva a una mayor detecci&#243;n de ateromatosis femoral&#44; especialmente cuando no se observaba ateromatosis carot&#237;dea&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; los criterios cuantitativos y la medici&#243;n automatizada utilizada hacen prever que dicho sesgo&#44; si existiese&#44; tendr&#237;a poca repercusi&#243;n en nuestros resultados&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No encontramos diferencias en el GIM&#44; di&#225;metro arterial carot&#237;deo ni en el grosor femoral entre los lados derecho e izquierdo&#46; Si bien estos datos sugieren que explorando un solo territorio tendr&#237;amos un &#171;espejo&#187; del lado contralateral&#44; cuando evaluamos la presencia o ausencia de placa ateroma se aprecia la predominancia de un lado &#40;derecho&#41; tanto a nivel carot&#237;deo como femoral&#44; lo que resalta la necesidad de evaluar el territorio de ambos lados&#46; Respecto a dicha predominancia &#40;derecha vs&#46; izquierda&#41; no encontramos estudios que aborden diferencias entre ambos lados&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con relaci&#243;n a las caracter&#237;sticas de la muestra&#44; destacamos el tabaquismo en nuestra muestra &#40;31&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; que parece ser superior al reportado por el Instituto Nacional de Estad&#237;stica de Espa&#241;a &#40;23&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; aunque la encuesta de esta instituci&#243;n podr&#237;a infraestimar la prevalencia total<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; A pesar de que solo el 10&#44;8&#37; de pacientes ten&#237;an dislipemia&#44; se observ&#243; que m&#225;s del doble &#40;23&#44;5&#37;&#41; padec&#237;an ateromatosis global &#40;carot&#237;dea o femoral&#41; seg&#250;n la ecograf&#237;a arterial&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre las limitaciones destacamos el tama&#241;o muestral reducido&#44; lo que amerita que nuestros resultados se confirmen en otros estudios&#46; El tama&#241;o muestral no nos permiti&#243; realizar an&#225;lisis de subgrupos o explorar en m&#225;s profundidad relaciones bivariantes de los par&#225;metros evaluados&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; no pudimos aplicar ninguna escala de riesgo cardiovascular&#44; aunque debemos anotar que las escalas actualmente existentes parecen infraestimar el riesgo cardiovascular en esta poblaci&#243;n y tener un problema de calibraci&#243;n&#44; incluso tras los ajustes pertinentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Consideraciones &#233;ticas</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio fue aprobado por el comit&#233; de &#233;tica de referencia &#40;CEICA Acta N&#176; 08&#47;2017&#41;&#46; Todos los participantes otorgaron su consentimiento informado&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio no recibi&#243; ning&#250;n tipo de financiaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Muestra"
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              "titulo" => "Pruebas diagn&#243;sticas y variables del estudio"
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              "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico"
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          "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
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    "fechaAceptado" => "2022-11-15"
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            0 => "Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana"
            1 => "Ecograf&#237;a femoral"
            2 => "Ateromatosis"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Human immunodeficiency virus"
            1 => "Ultrasound femoral"
            2 => "Atheromatosis"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La detecci&#243;n de la enfermedad ateromatosa subcl&#237;nica &#40;EAS&#41; en los pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana &#40;VIH&#41; se basa habitualmente en la ecograf&#237;a carot&#237;dea&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estudios en otras enfermedades muestran una infraestimaci&#243;n de la EAS cuando se explora exclusivamente la regi&#243;n carot&#237;dea&#46; Este estudio eval&#250;a el impacto de la exploraci&#243;n combinada carot&#237;dea y femoral en la detecci&#243;n de la EAS&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal y prospectivo de pacientes con VIH&#44; diagnosticados entre 2008 y 2017&#46; Se realiz&#243; ecograf&#237;a carot&#237;dea y femoral&#46; La EAS fue definida seg&#250;n los criterios de Mannheim&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 102 pacientes &#40;edad media&#58; 40 a&#241;os&#44; el 73&#44;5&#37; varones&#41;&#46; La prevalencia de la EAS por exploraci&#243;n carot&#237;dea fue del 15&#44;7&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;&#44; y por exploraci&#243;n femoral fue del 18&#44;6&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#41;&#46; La proporci&#243;n de pacientes con criterios de EAS global &#40;afectaci&#243;n carot&#237;dea o femoral&#41; fue del 23&#44;5&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41; lo que implica un aumento absoluto de la detecci&#243;n de EAS del 7&#44;84&#37; &#40;IC 95&#37;&#58; 2&#44;63-13&#44;06&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La detecci&#243;n de la EAS aumenta de forma importante con el uso combinado de la ecograf&#237;a carot&#237;dea y femoral en la poblaci&#243;n con VIH&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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          1 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Detection of subclinical atheromatosis disease &#40;SAD&#41; in patients with&#160;human immunodeficiency virus &#40;HIV&#41; infection is usually based on carotid ultrasound&#46; However&#44; studies in other pathologies have shown a probable underestimation of SAD when its detection is exclusively based on carotid exploration&#46; This study evaluates the impact on detection of SAD in patients with&#160;HIV through combined carotid and femoral exploration&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cross-sectional and prospective study of patients with&#160;HIV&#44; diagnosed between 2008-2017&#46; Carotid and femoral ultrasound examination was performed in all patients&#46; EAS was defined according to Mannheim criteria&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One hundred two patients were included &#40;mean age&#58; 40 years&#44; 73&#46;5&#37; being male&#41;&#46; The prevalence of carotid SAD in the total sample was 15&#46;7&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;&#44; and the prevalence of femoral SAD was 18&#46;6&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#41;&#46; The proportion of patients with global SAD criteria &#40;carotid or femoral&#41; was 23&#46;5&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41;&#44; which implies an absolute increase in SAD detection of 7&#46;84&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#59; 2&#46;63-13&#46;06&#37;&#41; at the total sample&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Detection of SAD is significantly increased by the combined use of carotid and femoral arterial ultrasound in the population affected by HIV infection&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
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            "identificador" => "abst0040"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confianza al 95&#37;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epidemiolog&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">67 &#40;65&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;12&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Resto Europa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;4&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Varones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;73&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;48&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Heterosexual&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;48&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">108&#44;8 &#40;32&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Colesterol-HDL&#44; mg&#47;dl</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">51&#44;3 &#40;17&#44;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">122&#44;4 &#40;95&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Colesterol&#44; mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">179&#44;1 &#40;44&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; GIM&#58; grosor &#237;ntima media&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Max&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Derecha&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">GIM carot&#237;deo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;644&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;267&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;600&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;900&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;300&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#225;metro carot&#237;deo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;696&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;600&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grosor femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;618&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;247&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Izquierda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">GIM carot&#237;deo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;672&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;256&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;600&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#225;metro carot&#237;deo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;067&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;760&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;900&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grosor femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;597&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;207&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3174400.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hallazgos ecogr&#225;ficos</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Placa de ateroma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Carot&#237;dea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Derecha</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Car&#243;tida com&#250;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Car&#243;tida interna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Car&#243;tida externa bulbo carot&#237;deo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total &#40;n&#250;mero de placas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Izquierda</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Car&#243;tida com&#250;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bulbo carot&#237;deo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 00257753
Idioma original: Español
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