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Alteraciones neuropsicológicas en pacientes en tratamiento con diálisis peritoneal
Neuropsychological impairments in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis treatment
María del Mar Sánchez-Fernándeza,
Autor para correspondencia
mmsanche@ujaen.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Gustavo A. Reyes del Pasoa, Pedro L. Quirós-Gangab, Antonio S. Moreno-Salazarc, María José Fernández-Serranod
a Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, España
b Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, España
c Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España
d Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
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La DP presenta mayores beneficios cl&#237;nicos&#44; sociales y econ&#243;micos en comparaci&#243;n con la HD&#44; como un buen mantenimiento de la funci&#243;n renal residual&#44; una mejor inserci&#243;n laboral&#44; un tr&#225;nsito m&#225;s &#243;ptimo al trasplante renal sin alterar significativamente las condiciones de vida del paciente&#44; y una mayor autonom&#237;a&#44; independencia e intimidad en el tratamiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La existencia de deterioro cognitivo ha sido ampliamente descrita en pacientes en HD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;10</span></a>&#46; Algunos estudios han evidenciado tambi&#233;n la existencia de esta condici&#243;n en personas en DP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Algunos trabajos que han comparado el rendimiento cognitivo entre sujetos en DP y en HD han encontrado un mejor rendimiento en los pacientes en DP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; en procesos de atenci&#243;n y velocidad de procesamiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;10&#44;13&#44;14</span></a>&#44; funciones ejecutivas y memoria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; siendo esta &#250;ltima el componente cognitivo m&#225;s frecuentemente afectado en personas con di&#225;lisis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a>&#46; Un reciente metaan&#225;lisis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> sugiere que los pacientes en DP presentan menores tasas de deterioro cognitivo que aquellos en HD&#46; No obstante&#44; otros estudios no han encontrado diferencias significativas en el rendimiento cognitivo&#44; por ejemplo&#44; en atenci&#243;n y concentraci&#243;n&#44; memoria verbal y visual y velocidad psicomotora<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;18</span></a>&#46; Los an&#225;lisis anteriores sugieren que los resultados podr&#237;an variar en funci&#243;n del dominio cognitivo evaluado&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente estudio se centra especialmente en las funciones ejecutivas&#44; que est&#225;n implicadas en la generaci&#243;n&#44; supervisi&#243;n&#44; regulaci&#243;n&#44; ejecuci&#243;n y reajuste de conductas necesarias para la consecuci&#243;n de objetivos complejos&#44; especialmente aquellos que requieren una respuesta creativa y novedosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a>&#46; Siguiendo el modelo de Verdejo-Garc&#237;a et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#44; las funciones ejecutivas incluyen los dominios de actualizaci&#243;n &#40;memoria de trabajo&#44; fluidez y razonamiento&#41;&#44; control inhibitorio&#44; flexibilidad cognitiva&#44; planificaci&#243;n y toma de decisiones&#46; Aunque la alteraci&#243;n de las funciones ejecutivas en los enfermos renales es menor en comparaci&#243;n con la de otros dominios cognitivos como la memoria o la atenci&#243;n&#44; m&#225;s de 50&#37; de los pacientes en di&#225;lisis presentan alteraciones en el funcionamiento ejecutivo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a la evoluci&#243;n del deterioro cognitivo en enfermos renales en tratamiento dial&#237;tico&#44; Neumann et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> informaron de mejoras en la atenci&#243;n y las funciones ejecutivas en pacientes en DP comparados con aquellos en HD despu&#233;s de un a&#241;o de tratamiento dial&#237;tico&#46; Respecto al riesgo de desarrollar demencia&#44; se ha observado que los sujetos en DP muestran un menor riesgo que aquellos que se encuentran en HD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respecto a las variables cl&#237;nicas relacionadas con el rendimiento cognitivo en pacientes en DP&#44; Griva et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> encontraron asociaciones negativas entre el rendimiento cognitivo y la gravedad de la ERC&#44; y asociaciones positivas entre el rendimiento&#44; la adecuaci&#243;n de la di&#225;lisis y variables bioqu&#237;micas como el calcio&#44; el f&#243;sforo y la urea en un grupo mixto formado por sujetos en HD y DP&#46; En el caso de la urea&#44; se observaron relaciones en el sentido contrario al esperado&#44; es decir&#44; mejor desempe&#241;o en pruebas de funcionamiento ejecutivo vinculado con niveles m&#225;s altos de esta&#46; Esta asociaci&#243;n positiva ha sido confirmada recientemente en pacientes en HD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Aun as&#237;&#44; estos resultados contradicen otras investigaciones en las que la urea se relacion&#243; negativamente con el rendimiento cognitivo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; En cuanto a otros par&#225;metros&#44; Radi&#263; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> observaron relaciones positivas entre los niveles de calcio y el rendimiento psicomotor&#44; independientemente de la modalidad de di&#225;lisis recibida por el paciente&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados inconsistentes encontrados en las investigaciones previas pueden deberse a que la mayor&#237;a de los estudios sobre el rendimiento cognitivo en pacientes en DP han utilizado pruebas de cribado y&#47;o un reducido n&#250;mero de &#237;ndices cognitivos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;22&#44;25</span></a>&#44; insuficientes para determinar el perfil neuropsicol&#243;gico de los sujetos y analizar con detalle los d&#233;ficits<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; en algunos de estos estudios&#44; la muestra incluy&#243; personas en DP con historia previa de enfermedad neurol&#243;gica&#47;cerebrovascular o de consumo de drogas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Esto supone importantes limitaciones en el estudio del rendimiento cognitivo&#44; dada la existencia demostrada de alteraciones en la funci&#243;n cognitiva en individuos con enfermedad cerebrovascular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> y en consumidores de drogas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En este contexto&#44; los objetivos del presente estudio fueron&#58; &#40;a&#41; evaluar el rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico en memoria verbal&#44; velocidad de procesamiento y funciones ejecutivas de pacientes en DP&#44; en comparaci&#243;n con aquellos en HD e individuos sanos equiparados en variables sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#44; y &#40;b&#41; valorar las asociaciones entre el rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico y las variables cl&#237;nicas y bioqu&#237;micas de los sujetos en DP&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todo</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Participantes</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el estudio participaron 27 pacientes con ERC en DP &#40;10 en tratamiento de DP ambulatoria continua y 17 en DP automatizada&#41;&#44; 42 personas con ERC en HD y 42 participantes sanos &#40;PS&#41; como grupo control &#40;GC&#41;&#46; Los criterios de inclusi&#243;n para los grupos DP y HD fueron&#58; &#40;1&#41; recibir tratamiento de DP o HD durante al menos tres meses antes de la realizaci&#243;n del estudio&#59; &#40;2&#41; recibir tratamiento de DP &#40;automatizada o continua ambulatoria&#41; para el grupo DP&#44; o tres sesiones semanales de HD&#44; cada una de cuatro horas&#44; para el grupo HD&#59; &#40;3&#41; ausencia de alteraciones neurol&#243;gicas&#44; infecciosas o sist&#233;micas&#44; o de da&#241;o cerebral traum&#225;tico&#59; &#40;4&#41; ausencia de diagn&#243;stico psiqui&#225;trico previo y consumo de drogas&#59; y &#40;5&#41; ausencia de patolog&#237;as auditivas y&#47;o visuales graves&#46; Los criterios de selecci&#243;n para el GC fueron los mismos que para los grupos DP y HD&#44; exceptuando los criterios 1 y 2&#46; Los tres grupos fueron similares en cuanto a edad y a&#241;os de escolaridad &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; Todos los participantes hablaban espa&#241;ol como lengua materna&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Evaluaci&#243;n neuropsicol&#243;gica</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para evaluar los procesos cognitivos se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Memoria verbal<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#58;</span> versi&#243;n espa&#241;ola<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">California Verbal Learning Test</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Consiste en leer a los participantes una lista de palabras &#40;lista de la compra A&#41; que debe recordarse inmediatamente&#44; a lo largo de cinco ensayos&#46; Despu&#233;s&#44; se presenta una lista de interferencia &#40;lista de la compra B&#41;&#44; seguida del recuerdo a corto plazo de la lista A&#44; el recuerdo a largo plazo de la lista A&#44; y finalmente se presenta una lista de 44 elementos para la discriminaci&#243;n de las palabras pertenecientes a la lista A&#46; Utilizamos como variables dependientes el recuerdo libre a corto plazo del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Test</span> de Aprendizaje Verbal Espa&#241;a-Complutense &#40;TAVEC RLCP&#41;&#44; el recuerdo libre a largo plazo &#40;TAVEC RLLP&#41;&#44; y el total de palabras recordadas en el conjunto de los cinco ensayos &#40;TAVEC RIAT&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Velocidad de procesamiento&#58; empleamos los tiempos de ejecuci&#243;n &#40;segundos&#41; de las condiciones 1 y 2 del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Five Digit Test</span> &#40;5 DT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; Esta prueba consta de cuatro condiciones&#44; y en cada una de ellas se presenta una serie de 50 casillas&#44; cada una de las cuales contiene entre uno y cinco asteriscos o d&#237;gitos&#46; En la condici&#243;n 1 &#40;lectura&#41;&#44; el participante debe nombrar tan r&#225;pido como pueda el n&#250;mero escrito en cada casilla&#46; En la condici&#243;n 2 &#40;conteo&#41;&#44; el sujeto debe contar tan r&#225;pido como le sea posible el n&#250;mero de elementos &#40;asteriscos&#41; que hay dentro de cada casilla&#46; En la condici&#243;n 3 &#40;interferencia&#41;&#44; se deben contar tan r&#225;pido como sea posible el n&#250;mero de d&#237;gitos que hay dentro de cada casilla &#40;teniendo en cuenta que este no se corresponde con sus valores aritm&#233;ticos&#41;&#59; y en la condici&#243;n 4 &#40;cambio&#47;flexibilidad&#41;&#44; el participante debe alternar entre las tareas realizadas en las condiciones 1 y 2 &#40;lectura y conteo&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#44; cambiando entre una y otra tarea con la aparici&#243;n de una se&#241;al visual&#46; A mayor tiempo de ejecuci&#243;n&#44; menor velocidad de procesamiento y peor ejecuci&#243;n&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para la evaluaci&#243;n de las funciones ejecutivas se utilizaron las siguientes pruebas&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Actualizaci&#243;n&#44; es decir&#44; el reajuste y seguimiento de los contenidos de la memoria de trabajo&#46; Las pruebas empleadas para su evaluaci&#243;n fueron&#58; &#40;1&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fluency- Controlled Oral Word Association Test</span> &#40;COWAT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> para evaluar la fluidez verbal&#44; y el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Test</span> de Fluidez Figurativa de Ruff &#40;RFFT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> para valorar la fluidez figurativa&#46; Las variables dependientes para el COWAT fueron la suma de palabras producidas en dos categor&#237;as sem&#225;nticas &#40;COWAT sem&#225;ntico&#58; animales y frutas&#41;&#44; y la suma de palabras generadas a partir de tres letras &#40;COWAT fonol&#243;gico&#58; F&#44; A&#44; S&#41;&#59; y para el RFFT la variable dependiente fue el n&#250;mero total de dise&#241;os originales producidos&#46; &#40;2&#41; Memoria de trabajo&#58; se utilizaron dos subpruebas de la Escala de Inteligencia para Adultos de Wechsler &#40;WAIS-III&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&#58; Letras y n&#250;meros y Aritm&#233;tica&#59; las variables dependientes fueron el n&#250;mero de respuestas correctas en cada prueba&#46; &#40;3&#41; Razonamiento&#58; se us&#243; el subtest Semejanzas del WAIS-III<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&#59; la variable dependiente fue el n&#250;mero de respuestas correctas&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Control inhibitorio&#44; es decir&#44; la inhibici&#243;n de respuestas predominantes o automatizadas que no se adecuan a las demandas actuales&#46; Usamos para su evaluaci&#243;n el 5 DT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; La variable dependiente fue la puntuaci&#243;n de inhibici&#243;n &#40;diferencia entre el tiempo de ejecuci&#243;n en la condici&#243;n 3 y la media del tiempo de ejecuci&#243;n de las condiciones 1 y 2&#41;&#46; A mayor puntuaci&#243;n&#44; peor ejecuci&#243;n&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Flexibilidad cognitiva&#44; es decir&#44; la capacidad para alternar entre diferentes esquemas mentales&#44; patrones de ejecuci&#243;n o tareas en funci&#243;n de demandas cambiantes&#46; Utilizamos para su evaluaci&#243;n el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Test</span> de Clasificaci&#243;n de Tarjetas de Wisconsin &#40;WCST&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> y el 5 DT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#59; las variables dependientes fueron el porcentaje de errores perseverativos en el WCST&#44; y la puntuaci&#243;n de flexibilidad &#40;diferencia entre el tiempo de ejecuci&#243;n en la condici&#243;n 4 y la media en las condiciones 1 y 2&#41; en el 5 DT&#46; En ambos casos&#44; a mayor puntuaci&#243;n&#44; peor ejecuci&#243;n&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Toma de decisiones&#44; es decir&#44; la capacidad para seleccionar la opci&#243;n m&#225;s ventajosa de entre un conjunto de alternativas disponibles&#46; Utilizamos para su evaluaci&#243;n la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Iowa Gambling Task</span> &#40;IGT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#46; La variable dependiente fue la puntuaci&#243;n neta IGT&#44; obtenida restando el n&#250;mero de opciones desventajosas &#40;bloques K&#8217; y L&#8217;&#41; del n&#250;mero de opciones ventajosas &#40;M&#8217; y N&#8217;&#41; en los 100 intentos de la tarea&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Planificaci&#243;n<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44;</span> es decir&#44; la capacidad de anticipar&#44; ensayar y ejecutar secuencias complejas de conductas de forma prospectiva&#46; Para su evaluaci&#243;n empleamos el subtest de B&#250;squeda de Llaves&#44; perteneciente a la bater&#237;a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome</span> &#40;BADS&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#59; la variable dependiente fue la puntuaci&#243;n perfil&#44; calculada sumando las puntuaciones directas de la prueba y aplicando las correcciones del manual de administraci&#243;n&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se puede obtener informaci&#243;n adicional de estas pruebas en estudios previos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;39</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Procedimiento</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El grupo de pacientes en DP fue seleccionado de los Servicios de Nefrolog&#237;a de las provincias de Ja&#233;n y C&#225;diz &#40;Espa&#241;a&#41;&#46; Mientras que el grupo en HD se eligi&#243; de cinco centros de HD en las provincias de Granada y Ja&#233;n &#40;Espa&#241;a&#41;&#46; La investigaci&#243;n fue aprobada por el Comit&#233; de &#201;tica del Complejo Hospitalario de Ja&#233;n &#40;Espa&#241;a&#41;&#46; Todos los participantes fueron informados de los objetivos del estudio y firmaron previamente un consentimiento informado&#46; Los sujetos fueron evaluados individualmente en sus domicilios&#44; despu&#233;s de comprobar que se daban las condiciones adecuadas para la valoraci&#243;n&#46; Los pacientes en DP fueron evaluados cuando hab&#237;an pasado alrededor de seis horas &#40;5&#44;67 &#91;3&#44;57&#93;&#41; desde la &#250;ltima di&#225;lisis&#44; mientras que aquellos en HD se evaluaron tras 56 horas &#40;56&#44;43 &#91;5&#44;34&#93;&#41; desde la &#250;ltima HD&#46; Los participantes no consumieron tabaco&#44; alimentos&#44; alcohol o cafe&#237;na durante la evaluaci&#243;n&#46; El orden de administraci&#243;n de las pruebas fue igual para todos&#44; altern&#225;ndose tareas verbales y no verbales&#44; as&#237; como tareas de mayor y menor dificultad para evitar la posible fatiga cognitiva&#46; La secuencia de administraci&#243;n de las pruebas aparece en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#46; Se realizaron peque&#241;os descansos de cinco a 10 minutos entre pruebas para reducir la posible aparici&#243;n de fatiga cognitiva&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En los grupos DP y HD se recogi&#243; informaci&#243;n hospitalaria de las siguientes variables m&#233;dicas&#58; etiolog&#237;a de la enfermedad&#44; tiempo actual y total &#40;en meses&#41; en DP o HD&#44; n&#250;mero de trasplantes&#44; tiempo total &#40;en meses&#41; en trasplante&#44; n&#250;mero total de meses en di&#225;lisis &#40;DP y HD&#41;&#44; tiempo total en TRS &#40;es decir&#44; n&#250;mero de meses que el paciente ha estado previamente en TRS de trasplante o di&#225;lisis&#41;&#44; eficacia dial&#237;tica &#40;Kt&#47;V&#41;&#44; y horas desde la &#250;ltima di&#225;lisis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46; En los tres grupos se recogieron adem&#225;s los resultados disponibles m&#225;s recientes del an&#225;lisis bioqu&#237;mico&#44; las medidas de la composici&#243;n corporal &#40;por medio de bioimpedancia con el dispositivo Bodystat&#174; 1500&#44; Disponible en&#58; <a href="https://www.habdirect.com/product/bodystat-1500-mdd">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;habdirect&#46;com&#47;product&#47;bodystat-1500-mdd</a>&#41;&#44; y siete medidas de la presi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea &#40;aparato oscilom&#233;trico 3 M Tensocare B100&#44; Disponible en&#58; <a href="https://www.sst2004.es/tensiometros/221-tensiometro-esfigmomanometro-digital-3m-tensocare-b100-de-brazo.html">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;sst2004&#46;es&#47;tensiometros&#47;221-tensiometro-esfigmomanometro-digital-3m-tensocare-b100-de-brazo&#46;html</a>&#41; durante la evaluaci&#243;n&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">An&#225;lisis de los datos</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dado que es conocida la existencia de un menor rendimiento cognitivo en pacientes con ERC en HD respecto a individuos sanos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; en este estudio nos centraremos en analizar las diferencias de grupo en el rendimiento cognitivo entre DP vs&#46; HD y DP vs&#46; PS&#46; Para ello&#44; se us&#243; un an&#225;lisis multivariado de la varianza &#40;MANOVA&#41;&#46; Dado que la hipertensi&#243;n se asocia a un menor rendimiento cognitivo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;41</span></a> y que los pacientes en HD muestran una mayor presi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea en comparaci&#243;n con los otros dos grupos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#44; la presi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea sist&#243;lica &#40;media de siete mediciones realizadas&#41; se incluy&#243; como covariable en el an&#225;lisis&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; el tiempo total previo en TRS en nuestro estudio fue mayor para el grupo de HD que para el de DP &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#44; y esta variable podr&#237;a tomarse como un indicador de la duraci&#243;n de la ERC&#46; Para controlar sus posibles efectos en el rendimiento&#44; esta variable se incluy&#243; tambi&#233;n como covariable en el MANOVA para la comparaci&#243;n DP-HD&#46; Se utilizaron los estad&#237;sticos delta de Cohen y Eta al cuadrado ajustada &#40;&#951;p<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; como indicadores del tama&#241;o del efecto&#46; Valores de &#8805;&#44;01&#44; &#8805;&#44;06 y &#8805;&#44;14 se pueden interpretar con tama&#241;os de efecto peque&#241;os&#44; medianos y grandes&#44; respectivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&#46; Los an&#225;lisis de las asociaciones entre el rendimiento cognitivo y los factores m&#233;dicos &#40;par&#225;metros cl&#237;nicos&#44; bioqu&#237;micos y de composici&#243;n corporal&#41; se realizaron en dos pasos&#44; ambos restringidos al grupo DP&#46; En primer lugar&#44; a nivel exploratorio&#44; se efectuaron correlaciones de Pearson entre las variables cl&#237;nicas y las medidas de funcionamiento cognitivo&#46; En segundo lugar&#44; se llevaron a cabo an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n m&#250;ltiple con el m&#233;todo de pasos sucesivos&#46; Las variables cognitivas se tomaron como dependientes y las variables cl&#237;nicas como predictores&#46; Se estim&#243; el coeficiente de determinaci&#243;n &#40;R<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; ajustado como indicador del porcentaje de varianza explicada&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Resultados</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Diferencias de grupo en rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El MANOVA mostr&#243; un efecto significativo del factor Grupo&#44; tanto para la comparaci&#243;n DP vs&#46; HD &#40;F &#91;16&#44;50&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;35&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;011&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;43&#41; como para la de DP vs&#46; GC &#40;F &#91;16&#44;51&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;93&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;039&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;38&#41;&#46; Aunque el efecto de la covariable de tiempo en TRS fue marginalmente significativo en el MANOVA DP vs&#46; HD &#40;F &#91;16&#44;50&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;80&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;058&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;366&#41;&#44; no se observ&#243; ning&#250;n efecto a nivel univariable&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> aparecen las medias y desviaciones est&#225;ndar &#40;DE&#41; de las variables examinadas junto con los resultados de la comparaci&#243;n univariable de medias entre los grupos&#46; El grupo DP present&#243; mejor ejecuci&#243;n respecto al de HD en uno de los dos &#237;ndices de fluidez verbal &#40;COWAT Sem&#225;ntico&#58; animales y frutas&#41;&#44; en los dos &#237;ndices de memoria de trabajo &#40;Letras y n&#250;meros y Aritm&#233;tica del WAIS-III&#41;&#44; en las dos escalas de flexibilidad cognitiva &#40;5 DT- flexibilidad y WCST&#41;&#44; en el &#237;ndice de toma de decisiones &#40;IGT&#41;&#44; y en el de planificaci&#243;n &#40;BADS&#44; B&#250;squeda de llaves&#41;&#46; Se observaron tambi&#233;n diferencias de grupo marginalmente significativas&#44; con mejor rendimiento en DP respecto a HD&#44; en fluidez verbal &#40;COWAT Fonol&#243;gico&#41; y memoria verbal &#40;TAVEC RLLP&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respecto a la comparaci&#243;n DP vs&#46; PS&#44; este &#250;ltimo present&#243; una mejor ejecuci&#243;n en contraste con el grupo DP en el &#237;ndice de inhibici&#243;n &#40;5 DT Inhibici&#243;n&#41; y en uno de los &#237;ndices de memoria verbal &#40;TAVEC RIAT&#41;&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se observaron diferencias marginalmente significativas entre ambos grupos&#44; a favor del de PS&#44; en uno de los &#237;ndices de fluidez verbal &#40;COWAT fonol&#243;gico&#58; F&#44; A&#44; S&#41; y en el &#237;ndice de planificaci&#243;n &#40;BADS&#44; B&#250;squeda de llaves&#41;&#46; No se observaron diferencias entre el grupo DP y los otros dos grupos en el resto de los dominios cognitivos evaluados &#40;fluidez figurativa&#44; razonamiento verbal y velocidad de procesamiento&#41;&#46; Los tama&#241;os del efecto &#40;delta de Cohen&#41; en los &#237;ndices donde se hallaron diferencias significativas oscilaron entre 0&#44;29 &#40;COWAT&#44; fluidez verbal sem&#225;ntica&#41; y 0&#44;77 &#40;IGT&#44; toma de decisiones&#41; en la comparaci&#243;n de los grupos DP vs&#46; HD&#44; y 0&#44;5 &#40;5 DT Inhibici&#243;n&#41; y 0&#44;54 &#40;TAVEC RIAT&#41; en la comparaci&#243;n de los grupos DP vs&#46; PS &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Asociaciones entre rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico y par&#225;metros cl&#237;nicos</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">An&#225;lisis correlacional exploratorio</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el grupo DP&#44; el n&#250;mero total de meses en DP se asoci&#243; negativamente con la flexibilidad cognitiva medida con el 5 DT &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;38&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;048&#59; es decir&#44; a m&#225;s meses en DP mayor flexibilidad cognitiva&#41;&#59; el n&#250;mero total de meses en HD se vincul&#243; negativamente con el tiempo de ejecuci&#243;n en el 5 DT &#40;para condici&#243;n 1 &#40;C1&#41;&#44; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;41&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;031&#59; para condici&#243;n &#40;C2&#41;&#44; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;57&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#59; es decir&#44; menor tiempo de ejecuci&#243;n y por tanto&#44; mejor rendimiento&#41;&#59; el tiempo previo en TRS se relacion&#243; positivamente con la fluidez verbal sem&#225;ntica &#40;COWAT sem&#225;ntico&#58; animales y frutas&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;41&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;034&#41;&#44; y negativamente con la flexibilidad en el 5 DT &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;44&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;023&#59; es decir&#44; mayor flexibilidad cognitiva&#41;&#59; el porcentaje de grasa corporal se asoci&#243; negativamente con la memoria de trabajo &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;38&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;048&#59; WAIS-III&#44; Letras y n&#250;meros&#41;&#59; la alb&#250;mina se vincul&#243; negativamente con la inhibici&#243;n en el 5 DT &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;49&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;008&#59; es decir&#44; mayor control inhibitorio&#41;&#59; el colesterol total se relacion&#243; positivamente con la fluidez figurativa &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;45&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;015&#59; RFFT&#44; n&#250;mero total de dise&#241;os originales&#41; y planificaci&#243;n &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;43&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;021&#59; BADS&#44; B&#250;squeda de llaves&#41;&#59; la ferritina se asoci&#243; negativamente con la fluidez verbal &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;39&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;040&#59; COWAT&#44; FAS fonol&#243;gico&#41;&#59; el f&#243;sforo se vincul&#243; positivamente con la memoria de trabajo &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;38&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;047&#59; WAIS-III&#44; Letras y n&#250;meros&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;38&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;048&#59; WAIS-III&#44; Aritm&#233;tica&#41;&#44; y negativamente con el porcentaje de errores perseverativos en el WCST &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;38&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;046&#59; es decir&#44; mayor flexibilidad cognitiva&#41;&#46; El tiempo &#40;horas&#41; desde la &#250;ltima di&#225;lisis no se asoci&#243; con el rendimiento en ninguno de los dos grupos cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">An&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n m&#250;ltiple</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El n&#250;mero total de meses en HD se asoci&#243; negativamente con el tiempo de ejecuci&#243;n &#40;es decir&#44; mayor velocidad de procesamiento en 5 DT C1&#58; &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;41&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;17&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-2&#44;28&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;031&#59; y 5 DT C2&#58; &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;57&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;33&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-3&#44;56&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; El f&#243;sforo se asoci&#243; &#40;1&#41; negativamente con el porcentaje de errores perseverativos &#40;es decir&#44; mayor flexibilidad cognitiva en WCST&#58; &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;38&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-2&#44;07&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;046&#41;&#44; y &#40;2&#41; positivamente con memoria de trabajo &#40;WAIS-III&#44; Letras y n&#250;meros&#58; &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;38&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;14&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;09&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;047&#41;&#46; En este &#250;ltimo caso&#44; el porcentaje de grasa corporal fue incluido en un segundo modelo con una asociaci&#243;n negativa &#40;&#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;36&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;12&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;044 para el f&#243;sforo y &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;36&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-2&#44;11&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;045 para el porcentaje de grasa corporal&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;129&#41;&#46; La alb&#250;mina se vincul&#243; negativamente con la inhibici&#243;n &#40;es decir&#44; mayor control inhibitorio en 5 DT&#58; &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;49&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;24&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-2&#44;87&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;008&#41;&#46; El colesterol total se relacion&#243; positivamente con&#58; &#40;1&#41; fluidez &#40;RFFT&#44; total dise&#241;os&#58; &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;45&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;21&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;60&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;015&#41;&#59; &#40;2&#41; planificaci&#243;n &#40;BADS&#44; B&#250;squeda de llaves&#58; &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;43&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;19&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;46&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;021&#41;&#46; La ferritina se asoci&#243; negativamente con fluidez &#40;COWAT&#44; FAS fonol&#243;gico&#58; &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;39&#59; r<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-2&#44;16&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;040&#41;&#46;</p></span></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En este estudio se examin&#243; el rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico en un grupo de pacientes con ERC en DP&#44; uno con ERC en HD y uno de PS&#44; utilizando una amplia bater&#237;a de pruebas para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas&#44; la memoria verbal y la velocidad de procesamiento&#46; Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los pacientes en DP tienen un mejor rendimiento que aquellos en HD en pruebas de fluidez verbal&#44; memoria de trabajo&#44; flexibilidad cognitiva&#44; toma de decisiones y planificaci&#243;n&#46; Estos resultados confirman hallazgos previos&#46; En un estudio reciente&#44; Neumann et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> observaron mayor flexibilidad cognitiva y planificaci&#243;n en sujetos en DP comparados con aquellos en HD&#44; evaluadas con el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">test</span> de trazado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trail Making Test</span>&#46; Resultados similares obtuvieron Kalirao et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; que observaron en pacientes en DP una menor tasa de deterioro ejecutivo en medidas de flexibilidad cognitiva &#40;evaluada con el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Color Trails Test</span>&#41; en comparaci&#243;n con aquellos en HD&#46; Estos resultados est&#225;n en l&#237;nea con estudios previos que han puesto de manifiesto una elevada prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo y ejecutivo en pacientes en HD comparados con aquellos en DP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46; Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta en la elecci&#243;n del tratamiento de di&#225;lisis&#46; En este sentido&#44; la DP no solo parece tener repercusiones positivas a nivel cognitivo&#44; sino tambi&#233;n a nivel cl&#237;nico y en la calidad de vida de los pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#44;45</span></a>&#46; El dominio ejecutivo en el que se observaron las mayores diferencias entre personas en DP y aquellas en HD fue la toma de decisiones&#46; Un adecuado funcionamiento ejecutivo&#44; y en especial en la toma de decisiones&#44; es de especial relevancia en estos pacientes&#44; por las consecuencias que tiene la enfermedad y la terapia de reemplazo renal en sus vidas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> y la necesidad de seguir las prescripciones m&#233;dicas relacionadas con la dieta&#44; la ingesta de medicamentos y otras conductas de cuidado personal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Por ello&#44; conocer las alteraciones presentes en las funciones ejecutivas puede ser de ayuda para el personal sanitario a la hora de abordar con el paciente el asesoramiento sobre las t&#233;cnicas de di&#225;lisis&#44; la ingesta farmacol&#243;gica y nutricional&#44; las diferentes complicaciones m&#233;dicas que puede provocar la ERC y el tipo de terapia de reemplazo renal elegida&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por el contrario&#44; no se encontraron diferencias entre pacientes en DP y aquellos en HD en los dominios cognitivos del razonamiento verbal&#44; control inhibitorio y velocidad de procesamiento&#44; y en la memoria verbal las variaciones observadas fueron marginalmente significativas&#46; Nuestros resultados difieren parcialmente de los encontrados por Cond&#233; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&#44; que hallaron peor ejecuci&#243;n en personas en DP comparados con sujetos en HD en pruebas de atenci&#243;n y memoria&#44; y Kalirao et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; que describieron mayores tasas de deterioro en la memoria verbal en pacientes en DP comparados con aquellos en HD&#46; Estas diferencias respecto a nuestro estudio pueden deberse a la mayor edad de los participantes en los estudios de Cond&#233; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> y Kalirao<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por otro lado&#44; cuando se compararon los pacientes en DP con los PS&#44; los primeros mostraron un peor rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico en control inhibitorio y memoria verbal&#46; Estos resultados confirman parcialmente los hallazgos previos en los que los pacientes en DP presentan un mayor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo global&#44; en comparaci&#243;n con individuos sanos&#44; evaluados con pruebas de funcionamiento cognitivo global &#40;memoria verbal&#44; funciones ejecutivas&#44; lenguaje&#44; atenci&#243;n y memoria visoespacial&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;48</span></a>&#46; No se encontraron diferencias entre el grupo en DP y los PS en el resto de los dominios cognitivos y ejecutivos evaluados&#46; Radi&#263; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> obtuvieron resultados parcialmente similares&#44; pues no encontraron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico en procesos de memoria de trabajo y atenci&#243;n entre pacientes en DP comparados con individuos sanos&#46; Estos hallazgos muestran en general un funcionamiento cognitivo global esencialmente conservado en pacientes con ERC en DP&#44; con un escaso deterioro a nivel de memoria verbal y capacidad de inhibici&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con respecto a las asociaciones entre el rendimiento cognitivo y los factores cl&#237;nicos&#44; el n&#250;mero total de meses en DP se asoci&#243; a una mayor flexibilidad cognitiva&#44; y el n&#250;mero total de meses en TRS se vincul&#243; positivamente con la fluidez verbal sem&#225;ntica y la flexibilidad cognitiva&#46; Estas asociaciones son congruentes con los resultados de Zhang et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&#44; que observaron un mejor funcionamiento ejecutivo &#40;en flexibilidad cognitiva y toma de decisiones&#44; evaluadas con el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trail Making Test-B</span>&#41; y un aumento del rendimiento en la memoria verbal inmediata y habilidades visuoespaciales tras dos a&#241;os de tratamiento sustitutivo con DP&#46; Resultados similares obtuvieron Neumann et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#44; que compararon un grupo de pacientes en DP con uno en HD&#44; y observaron un mejor rendimiento en pruebas de atenci&#243;n y funciones ejecutivas en los sujetos en DP en la evaluaci&#243;n realizada en la l&#237;nea base &#40;cuando los pacientes llevaban&#44; al menos&#44; seis meses en tratamiento dial&#237;tico&#41; y en la evaluaci&#243;n de seguimiento efectuada un a&#241;o despu&#233;s de la primera&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sin embargo&#44; otros estudios han observado resultados opuestos a los anteriores&#46; As&#237;&#44; Gamage et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a> hallaron peor rendimiento cognitivo en pruebas de cribado en pacientes en DP despu&#233;s de 12 meses desde el inicio de la terapia&#46; Zhang et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> encontraron resultados similares&#44; con un incremento del deterioro cognitivo global evaluado con pruebas de cribado cognitivo en sujetos en DP pasados dos a&#241;os desde la primera evaluaci&#243;n&#44; increment&#225;ndose el riesgo de 19&#44;8 a 23&#44;9&#37;&#46; Las diferencias observadas entre estos estudios pueden deberse a las limitaciones de las pruebas de cribado utilizadas para identificar el deterioro cognitivo y ejecutivo en dominios espec&#237;ficos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para explicar el mejor desempe&#241;o cognitivo de pacientes en DP&#44; Harhay et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a> propusieron que podr&#237;a deberse simplemente a una menor probabilidad de elegir DP en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo previo&#44; lo que explicar&#237;a las tasas m&#225;s elevadas de este en los sujetos en HD respecto a aquellos en DP&#46; Sin embargo&#44; otros estudios atribuyen este mejor rendimiento cognitivo en DP a otros factores&#44; tales como un mayor aclaramiento de mol&#233;culas de tama&#241;o medio en la DP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0625"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#44; la mayor estabilidad hemodin&#225;mica y los mejores resultados cl&#237;nicos como consecuencia de la preservaci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n renal residual en los pacientes en DP frente a los sujetos en HD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;46</span></a>&#44; y la mejor calidad de vida en aquellos en DP al tener m&#225;s tiempo para la realizaci&#243;n de actividad f&#237;sica y el desempe&#241;o de su puesto de trabajo&#44; frente a las personas en HD&#44; que generalmente presentan m&#225;s limitaciones a este respecto&#44; ya que tienen que pasar m&#225;s tiempo recibiendo la terapia de reemplazo renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El n&#250;mero total previo de meses en HD se asoci&#243; con una mayor velocidad de procesamiento&#46; En relaci&#243;n con nuestros hallazgos&#44; Dixon et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0630"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a> observaron mejoras en el rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico en la memoria de trabajo y velocidad de procesamiento en pacientes en HD despu&#233;s de 12 meses de terapia&#46; En esta l&#237;nea&#44; O&#8217;Lone et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> hallaron mejor rendimiento en pruebas de atenci&#243;n y memoria en pacientes en HD comparados con aquellos con ERC que no estaban recibiendo terapia de reemplazo renal&#46; No obstante&#44; la HD se ha asociado tradicionalmente con una mayor prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo y riesgo de demencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;23</span></a>&#46; El uso de pruebas de cribado cognitivo&#44; con menor capacidad para evaluar los dominios cognitivos espec&#237;ficos&#44; podr&#237;a explicar en parte las diferencias entre estos hallazgos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0635"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> y los encontrados en nuestro estudio&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respecto a los par&#225;metros de composici&#243;n corporal&#44; el porcentaje de grasa se asoci&#243; inversamente con la memoria de trabajo&#46; Estudios previos han observado que la interacci&#243;n entre la obesidad y el deterioro cognitivo podr&#237;a incrementar la progresi&#243;n de la ERC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&#44; y un &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; elevado se ha asociado con mayor riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes en DP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la obesidad se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de depresi&#243;n en personas con ERC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0650"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46; Asimismo&#44; la mala alimentaci&#243;n y la obesidad se vinculan con el deterioro cognitivo y con mayor riesgo de desarrollo de demencia en la poblaci&#243;n general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46; La obesidad podr&#237;a causar alteraciones cognitivas al favorecer procesos inflamatorios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con respecto a las variables bioqu&#237;micas&#44; la alb&#250;mina se asoci&#243; positivamente con el control inhibitorio&#46; El nivel bajo de esta se ha relacionado previamente con el deterioro en habilidades visuoespaciales&#44; ling&#252;&#237;sticas y mn&#233;sicas&#44; as&#237; como del funcionamiento cognitivo general en pacientes en DP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&#44; y los niveles elevados de la misma se han asociado con un mayor rendimiento en la memoria de trabajo en sujetos en HD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Estos hallazgos sugieren una relaci&#243;n entre rendimiento cognitivo y el estado nutricional en la ERC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>&#46; La alb&#250;mina parece actuar como un factor protector frente al deterioro cognitivo en la poblaci&#243;n general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#44; y es un predictor relevante de mortalidad en poblaci&#243;n con insuficiencia renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#46; El colesterol total se asoci&#243; positivamente con la fluidez figurativa y la planificaci&#243;n&#46; Radi&#263; al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a> encontraron un peor rendimiento en medidas cognitivas y ejecutivas en pacientes en HD con colesterol total bajo&#44; y Murray et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0680"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a> observaron en sujetos con ERC un aumento del deterioro en las funciones ejecutivas a medida que los niveles de colesterol total disminu&#237;an&#46; Otras investigaciones han asociado niveles elevados de colesterol total con un mejor rendimiento cognitivo en la poblaci&#243;n general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0685"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a>&#46; A pesar de estos hallazgos&#44; la relaci&#243;n entre colesterol&#44; deterioro cognitivo y demencia sigue sin estar clara<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a>&#46; La ferritina se asoci&#243; negativamente con la fluidez verbal&#46; La ERC se relaciona con procesos inflamatorios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a>&#44; que a su vez suelen vincularse con d&#233;ficit de hierro y niveles de ferritina s&#233;rica entre normales y elevados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0700"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67</span></a>&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; esta asociaci&#243;n podr&#237;a indicar la presencia de procesos inflamatorios en pacientes con ERC&#44; que conllevar&#237;an el peor rendimiento cognitivo&#46; El f&#243;sforo se relacion&#243; positivamente con la memoria de trabajo y la flexibilidad cognitiva&#44; confirmando los hallazgos previos en pacientes en HD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0705"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">68</span></a> y en DP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&#46; Otros par&#225;metros bioqu&#237;micos que se han vinculado al rendimiento cognitivo en la ERC en estudios previos&#44; como la hemoglobina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#44; el hematocrito<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;70</span></a> y la urea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;71</span></a> no se asociaron al rendimiento en nuestro estudio&#46; Variables del tratamiento&#44; como el Kt&#47;V&#44; tampoco se relacionaron con este&#44; lo que confirma hallazgos anteriores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">72</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como fortaleza&#44; este estudio ha usado una extensa y exhaustiva bater&#237;a de pruebas para evaluar todos los dominios de las funciones ejecutivas&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se ha controlado estad&#237;sticamente el efecto de la presi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea y el tiempo total previo en TRS sobre el rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico&#46; La principal limitaci&#243;n del estudio es el reducido tama&#241;o muestral en el grupo de DP&#44; que ha podido reducir el poder estad&#237;stico de nuestros an&#225;lisis y&#44; por tanto&#44; la posibilidad de encontrar diferencias y correlaciones significativas&#46; La amplia mayor&#237;a de los pacientes con ERC en DP de los Servicios de Nefrolog&#237;a de las provincias de Ja&#233;n y C&#225;diz que cumpl&#237;an los criterios de inclusi&#243;n participaron en el estudio&#46; No obstante&#44; dada la baja proporci&#243;n de sujetos en DP frente a las otras formas de terapia de reemplazo&#44; no fue posible conseguir una muestra m&#225;s amplia en este grupo&#46; Otra limitaci&#243;n es la diferencia en el tiempo transcurrido desde la &#250;ltima di&#225;lisis y la evaluaci&#243;n cognitiva entre los grupos DP y HD&#46; Sin embargo&#44; no se han observado correlaciones significativas entre ese tiempo y el rendimiento neuropsicol&#243;gico&#44; y estudios previos han mostrado que la HD no produce un efecto agudo &#40;ejecuci&#243;n pre-post HD&#41; en el rendimiento cognitivo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;73</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El grupo de pacientes en DP mostr&#243; un mejor funcionamiento en funciones ejecutivas que el grupo en HD&#44; concretamente en los procesos de fluidez verbal&#44; memoria de trabajo&#44; flexibilidad cognitiva&#44; planificaci&#243;n y toma de decisiones&#46; Por otra parte&#44; el grupo de personas en DP mostr&#243; peor rendimiento respecto al de PS en el control inhibitorio y la memoria verbal&#46; El tiempo previo en el tratamiento de di&#225;lisis&#44; especialmente DP&#44; se vincul&#243; positivamente con variables como la flexibilidad cognitiva y la fluidez verbal&#46; Estos resultados muestran el efecto positivo de la DP sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; las asociaciones observadas entre los par&#225;metros bioqu&#237;micos y el rendimiento cognitivo muestran la importancia de mantener un adecuado estado nutricional en estos pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Disponibilidad de los datos</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos utilizados en esta investigaci&#243;n est&#225;n disponibles en el siguiente enlace&#58; <a href="https://osf.io/25m3c">https&#58;&#47;&#47;osf&#46;io&#47;25m3c</a></p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Consideraciones &#233;ticas</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La investigaci&#243;n fue aprobada por el Comit&#233; de &#201;tica del Complejo Hospitalario de Ja&#233;n &#40;Espa&#241;a&#41;&#46; Todos los participantes fueron informados de los objetivos del estudio y firmaron previamente un consentimiento informado&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Contribuci&#243;n de los autores</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conceptualizaci&#243;n</span>&#58; Mar&#237;a del Mar S&#225;nchez-Fern&#225;ndez&#44; Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Antonio S&#46; Moreno Salazar&#44; Pedro L&#46; Quir&#243;s Ganga&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Recogida de datos</span>&#58; Mar&#237;a del Mar S&#225;nchez Fern&#225;ndez&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">An&#225;lisis formal&#58;</span> Mar&#237;a del Mar S&#225;nchez Fern&#225;ndez&#44; Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Adquisici&#243;n de la financiaci&#243;n&#58;</span> Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Investigaci&#243;n&#58;</span> Mar&#237;a del Mar S&#225;nchez Fern&#225;ndez&#44; Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Metodolog&#237;a&#58;</span> Mar&#237;a del Mar S&#225;nchez Fern&#225;ndez&#44; Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Antonio S&#46; Moreno Salazar&#44; Pedro L&#46; Quir&#243;s Ganga&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez-Serrano&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Administraci&#243;n del proyecto&#58;</span> Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Recursos&#58;</span> Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Software&#58;</span> Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Supervisi&#243;n&#58;</span> Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Validaci&#243;n&#58;</span> Mar&#237;a del Mar S&#225;nchez Fern&#225;ndez&#44; Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Antonio S&#46; Moreno Salazar&#44; Pedro L&#46; Quir&#243;s Ganga&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Visualizaci&#243;n&#58;</span> Mar&#237;a del Mar S&#225;nchez Fern&#225;ndez&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Escritura &#8211; borrador original&#58;</span> Mar&#237;a del Mar S&#225;nchez Fern&#225;ndez&#44; Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Antonio S&#46; Moreno-Salazar&#44; Pedro L&#46; Quir&#243;s Ganga&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Escritura&#58; revisi&#243;n y edici&#243;n&#58;</span> Gustavo A&#46; Reyes del Paso&#44; Antonio S&#46; Moreno Salazar&#44; Pedro L&#46; Quir&#243;s Ganga&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Fern&#225;ndez Serrano&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta investigaci&#243;n fue financiada por el proyecto PI-0674-2012&#44; de la Consejer&#237;a de Igualdad&#44; Salud y Pol&#237;tica Social&#44; de la Junta de Andaluc&#237;a &#40;Espa&#241;a&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica &#40;ERC&#41; en hemodi&#225;lisis &#40;HD&#41; suelen presentar d&#233;ficits cognitivos&#46; Sin embargo&#44; existen pocos estudios que hayan examinado el funcionamiento neuropsicol&#243;gico de aquellos que reciben di&#225;lisis peritoneal &#40;DP&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se evaluaron las funciones ejecutivas&#44; la velocidad de procesamiento y la memoria verbal en 27 pacientes en DP&#44; 42 en HD y 42 participantes sanos &#40;PS&#41;&#46; La presi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea sist&#243;lica y el tiempo total en terapia renal sustitutiva &#40;TRS&#41; se controlaron estad&#237;sticamente&#46; Las asociaciones entre el rendimiento y los factores cl&#237;nicos se analizaron mediante correlaciones y regresi&#243;n m&#250;ltiple&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El grupo DP present&#243; mejor ejecuci&#243;n respecto al HD en fluidez verbal&#44; memoria de trabajo&#44; flexibilidad cognitiva&#44; planificaci&#243;n y toma de decisiones&#46; El grupo DP mostr&#243; peor ejecuci&#243;n que el grupo PS en inhibici&#243;n y memoria verbal&#46; Las puntuaciones en las funciones ejecutivas se asociaron positivamente con los meses totales en DP&#44; en TRS&#44; en HD&#44; la alb&#250;mina&#44; el colesterol total y el f&#243;sforo&#44; y de forma negativa con la ferritina&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El funcionamiento ejecutivo global fue mejor en los pacientes en DP que en aquellos en HD&#46; Los resultados muestran el efecto positivo de la DP sobre las funciones ejecutivas&#44; lo que debe tenerse en cuenta a la hora de la elecci&#243;n de la TRS&#46; Las asociaciones observadas entre los factores bioqu&#237;micos y el rendimiento muestran la importancia de mantener un adecuado estado nutricional en estos pacientes&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis &#40;HD&#41; often have cognitive deficits&#46; However&#44; there are few studies that have examined the neuropsychological impairments of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis &#40;PD&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Executive functions&#44; processing speed and verbal memory were assessed in 27 PD patients&#44; 42 HD patients&#44; and 42 healthy participants &#40;HP&#41;&#46; Systolic blood pressure and total time on renal replacement therapy &#40;RRT&#41; were controlled statistically&#46; Associations between performance and clinical factors were analyzed using correlations and multiple regression&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The DP group showed better performance compared to the HD group in verbal fluency&#44; working memory&#44; cognitive flexibility&#44; planning and decision making&#46; The DP group showed worse execution than the HP group in verbal inhibition and memory&#46; Executive function scores were positively associated with total months on PD&#44; total months on RRT&#44; total months on HD&#44; albumin&#44; total cholesterol&#44; and phosphorus&#44; and negatively with ferritin&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Global executive functioning was more optimal in PD patients than in HD patients&#46; The results show the positive effect of PD on executive functions&#44; which must be taken into account when choosing the TRS&#46; The associations observed between biochemical factors and performance show the importance of maintaining an adequate nutritional status in these patients&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Background"
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            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
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    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1616
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            "Tamanyo" => 211345
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores de delta de Cohen para las comparaciones de grupo en las variables dependientes en las que se observaron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas &#40;el orden de las pruebas en la figura refleja la secuencia de administraci&#243;n de los mismos&#41;&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nota</span>&#46; Los valores se&#241;alados con un asterisco &#40;&#42;&#41; corresponden a la comparaci&#243;n DP vs&#46; GC&#46;</p> <p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DP&#58; di&#225;lisis peritoneal&#59; GC&#58; grupo control&#46;</p>"
        ]
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      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; DP&#58; pacientes en di&#225;lisis peritoneal&#59; HD&#58; pacientes en hemodi&#225;lisis&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#59; PS&#58; participantes sanos&#46; Peso seco&#58; peso ideal de los individuos sin exceso de fluido en sangre&#46;</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Factores de conversi&#243;n para unidades&#58; calcio en mg&#47;dL x 0&#44;2495&#59; creatinina en mg&#47;dL a &#956;mol&#47;L x 88&#44;4&#59; f&#243;sforo en mg&#47;d&#47;L a mmol&#47;L x 0&#44;3229&#59; urea nitrogenada en mg&#47;dL a mmol&#47;L x 0&#44;357&#59; &#40;&#43;&#41; niveles superiores a los valores de referencia&#59; &#40;-&#41; niveles inferiores a los valores de referencia&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">DP &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49&#44;89 &#40;10&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">51&#44;52 &#40;9&#44;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">51&#44;83 &#40;6&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#241;os de educaci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;78 &#40;4&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;10 &#40;4&#44;39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;14 &#40;3&#44;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">G&#233;nero &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hombre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">59&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">69&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mujer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Agua corporal &#37;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53&#44;83 &#40;5&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">58&#44;19 &#40;5&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52&#44;67 &#40;5&#44;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grasa corporal &#37;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28&#44;33 &#40;7&#44;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">23&#44;77 &#40;6&#44;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">29&#44;09 &#40;7&#44;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IMC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#44;68 &#40;4&#44;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#44;69 &#40;3&#44;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27&#44;64 &#40;3&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peso seco kg</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">77&#44;26 &#40;16&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">70&#44;41 &#40;14&#44;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">80&#44;04 &#40;13&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea sist&#243;lica</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">122&#44;26 &#40;18&#44;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">140&#44;08 &#40;20&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">128&#44;78 &#40;13&#44;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea diast&#243;lica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#44;48&#40;12&#44;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#44;72&#40;11&#44;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83&#44;76 &#40;11&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hemoglobina g&#47;dL</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;01 &#40;1&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;75 &#40;1&#44;48&#41; &#40;-&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;18 &#40;1&#44;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hematocrito &#37;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#44;32 &#40;4&#44;41&#41; &#40;-&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#44;17 &#40;4&#44;60&#41; &#40;-&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&#44;26 &#40;3&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prote&#237;nas totales g&#47;dL</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;35 &#40;0&#44;68&#41; &#40;-&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;62 &#40;1&#44;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alb&#250;mina g&#47;dL</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;65 &#40;0&#44;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;95 &#40;0&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;37 &#40;0&#44;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transferrina mg&#47;dL</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">203&#44;96 &#40;32&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">188&#44;95 &#40;37&#44;53&#41;&#40;-&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">283&#44;08 &#40;20&#44;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Colesterol total mg&#47;dL</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">155 &#40;29&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">152&#44;84 &#40;25&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">218&#44;38 &#40;32&#44;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ferritina ng&#47;mL</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#44;c</span></span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">273&#44;50 &#40;228&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">399&#44;61 &#40;158&#44;34&#41; &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">123&#44;56 &#40;57&#44;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Calcio mg&#47;dL</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;40 &#40;0&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;57 &#40;0&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F&#243;sforo mg&#47;dL</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;57 &#40;0&#44;94&#41; &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;75 &#40;1&#44;63&#41; &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;36 &#40;0&#44;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sodio mEq&#47;L</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">139&#44;48 &#40;3&#44;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">139&#44;54 &#40;2&#44;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">139&#44;96 &#40;2&#44;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urea mg&#47;dL</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">112&#44;63 &#40;23&#44;59&#41; &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">123&#44;43 &#40;33&#44;65&#41;&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#44;40 &#40;11&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Creatinina mg&#47;dL</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;99&#40;1&#44;97&#41; &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;55 &#40;2&#44;45&#41; &#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;92 &#40;0&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HD&#58; grupo de pacientes con enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica bajo hemodi&#225;lisis&#59; DP&#58; grupo de pacientes con enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica bajo di&#225;lisis peritoneal&#59; Horas &#250;ltima di&#225;lisis&#58; horas transcurridas desde la &#250;ltima di&#225;lisis&#59; Kt&#47;V total&#58; eficacia dial&#237;tica&#44; calculada con la f&#243;rmula de Kt&#47;V de Daugirdas de segunda generaci&#243;n&#59; Meses actuales en DP o HD&#58; n&#250;mero de meses del periodo de tratamiento dial&#237;tico actual&#44; de DP o de HD&#59; Meses previos TX&#58; n&#250;mero total de meses previos que el paciente ha tenido un trasplante renal funcionante&#59; Meses totales en DP&#58; n&#250;mero de meses totales que el paciente ha pasado en DP&#59; Meses totales en HD&#58; n&#250;mero total de meses que el paciente ha estado en HD&#59; Meses totales en TRS&#58; n&#250;mero de meses total que el paciente ha estado en terapia de reemplazo renal de di&#225;lisis o trasplante&#59; N&#250;m&#46; TX&#58; n&#250;mero de trasplantes por paciente&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&#59; Pacientes en DP previa&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&#58; n&#250;mero &#40;y porcentaje&#41; de pacientes que han estado previamente en di&#225;lisis peritoneal&#59; Pacientes en HD previa&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&#58; n&#250;mero &#40;y porcentaje&#41; de pacientes que han estado previamente en tratamiento de HD&#59; Pacientes en TX previo&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&#58; n&#250;mero &#40;y porcentaje&#41; de pacientes previamente trasplantados&#59; Pacientes diab&#233;ticos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&#58; n&#250;mero y porcentaje de pacientes diab&#233;ticos&#59; Pacientes hipertensos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&#58; n&#250;mero &#40;y porcentaje&#41; de pacientes hipertensos&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables de tratamiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DP &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HD &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meses actuales en DP o HD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;37 &#40;16&#44;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#44;21 &#40;62&#44;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes en DP previa&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;16&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meses totales en DP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#44;67 &#40;26&#44;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;10 &#40;10&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes en TX previo&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;7&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;39&#44;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#250;m&#46; TX<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;07 &#40;0&#44;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;45 &#40;0&#44;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meses previos TX<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;44 &#40;17&#44;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#44;55 &#40;81&#44;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes en HD previa&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;3571&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meses totales en HD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;07 &#40;1&#44;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#44;50 &#40;71&#44;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meses totales en TRS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#44;19 &#40;34&#44;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">106&#44;14 &#40;115&#44;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kt&#47;V total<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;40 &#40;0&#44;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;70 &#40;0&#44;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Horas &#250;ltima di&#225;lisis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;67 &#40;3&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&#44;43 &#40;5&#44;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes hipertensos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;85&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;88&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes diab&#233;ticos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;25&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Etiolog&#237;a&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Glomerulonefritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;38&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Intersticial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hereditaria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;7&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;23&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;22&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;11&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sist&#233;mica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Miscel&#225;nea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;3&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diab&#233;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;14&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Desconocida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;14&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;11&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DP vs&#46; HD</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DP vs&#46; PS</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dominio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable dependiente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F &#40;3&#44;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F &#40;2&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fluidez&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">COWAT sem&#225;ntico&#58; animales y frutas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#44;48 &#40;7&#44;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;085&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;522&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#44;78 &#40;8&#46;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#44;12 &#40;7&#44;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">COWAT fonol&#243;gico F&#44; A&#44; S&#44;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#44;12 &#40;12&#44;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">RFFT total dise&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Memoria de trabajo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">WAIS-III Letras y n&#250;meros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;45 &#40;2&#44;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WAIS-III Aritm&#233;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;81 &#40;3&#44;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;099&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;345&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;67 &#40;3&#44;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;83 &#40;3&#44;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Razonamiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WAIS-III Semejanzas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;10 &#40;5&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;110&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;039&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;256&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;020&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;67 &#40;5&#44;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;48 &#40;5&#44;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Control inhibitorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 DT Inhibici&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;84 &#40;7&#44;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;601&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Flexibilidad cognitiva&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 DT flexibilidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">HD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">38&#44;44 &#40;16&#44;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">DP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;86 &#40;9&#44;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Toma de decisiones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">HD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-1&#44;05 &#40;7&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">PS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Planificaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BADS B&#250;squeda de llaves&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Velocidad de procesamiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 DT tiempo de ejecuci&#243;n C1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 DT tiempo de ejecuci&#243;n C2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">DP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Media &#40;DE&#41; de las variables de rendimiento cognitivo para los tres grupos</p>"
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      ]
    ]
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Documento de informaci&#243;n y consenso para la detecci&#243;n y manejo de la enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Garc&#237;a-Maset"
                            1 => "J&#46; Bover"
                            2 => "J&#46; Segura de la Morena"
                            3 => "M&#46; Goicoechea Diezhandino"
                            4 => "J&#46; Cebollada el Hoyo"
                            5 => "J&#46; Escalada San Mart&#237;n"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.nefro.2021.07.010"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic kidney disease in Spain&#58; Prevalence and impact of accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Gorostidi"
                            1 => "M&#46; S&#225;nchez-Mart&#237;nez"
                            2 => "L&#46;M&#46; Ruilope"
                            3 => "A&#46; Graciani"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46; de la Cruz"
                            5 => "R&#46; Santamar&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.nefro.2018.04.004"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nefrol &#40;Engl Ed&#41;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "606"
                        "paginaFinal" => "615"
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              "identificador" => "bib0380"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Mahillo-ONT B&#46; Registro Espa&#241;ol de Enfermos Renales &#40;REER&#41;&#46; Informe 2021 &#40;datos preliminares&#41;&#46; &#91;Internet&#93;&#46; Senefro&#46;org&#46; &#91;consultado 18 May 2023&#93;&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a target="_blank" href="https://www.senefro.org/contents/webstructure/MEMORIA_REER_2021_PRELIMINAR.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;senefro&#46;org&#47;contents&#47;webstructure&#47;MEMORIA&#95;REER&#95;2021&#95;PRELIMINAR&#46;pdf</a>"
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ISSN: 00257753
Idioma original: Español
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es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos