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Inicio Neurología (English Edition) Bacterial meningitis secondary to spinal analgesia and anaesthesia
Información de la revista
Vol. 25. Núm. 9.
Páginas 552-556 (enero 2009)
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Vol. 25. Núm. 9.
Páginas 552-556 (enero 2009)
Acceso a texto completo
Bacterial meningitis secondary to spinal analgesia and anaesthesia
Meningitis bacteriana asociada a analgesia y anestesia espinal
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1504
P. Laguna del Estal
Autor para correspondencia
pld02m@saludalia.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Castañeda Pastor, M. López-Cano Gómez, P. García Montero
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
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Información del artículo
Abstract
Introduction

Although rare, infectious complications from spinal analgesia and anaesthesia (SA) can have serious morbidity and mortality. This study describes the clinical features and outcome of SA-associated bacterial meningitis in adults seen in a hospital over a 25 yearperiod.

Methods

We reviewed the charts of all patients (aged ≥14 years) diagnosed with SA-associated bacterial meningitis between 1982 and 2006.

Results

Eight cases of SA-associated bacterial meningitis were diagnosed (3.3% bacterial meningitis), with a median age of 62 years (range, 35–80). SA procedures were: morphine infusion pumps with epidural (3 cases) or intrathecal (3) catheters, spinal cord stimulation with epidural neuroelectrode (1), and epidural anesthesia (1). Site of spinal insertion was: cervical (2 cases), thoracic (3), and lumbar (3). The median time to onset of meningitis was 26 days (range, 7–101) after AE. The most common clinical findings were fever (8 cases, 100%), headache (7 cases, 87.5%), and neck stiffness (4 cases, 50%). CSF abnormalities were pleocytosis (8 cases, 100%), elevated protein level (8 cases, 100%), and hypoglycorrhachia (5 cases, 62.5%). The causative organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (2 cases), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Enterococcus faecalis (1), Streptococcus milleri (1), and S. epidermidis and Pseudomonas fluorescens (1); one patient had a negative CSF culture. Treatment included antibiotics and to remove the analgesia device in all patients. There was one death (12.5%).

Conclusions

SA is a rare predisposing condition to bacterial meningitis but, due to the seriousness of the infection, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis for any patient who develops fever or headache in this setting.

Keywords:
Bacterial meningitis
Epidural analgesia
Spinal anaesthesia
Spinal injection
Pain
Resumen
Introducción

Aunque infrecuentes, las complicaciones infecciosas de la analgesia y la anestesia espinal (AE) pueden ser mortales. El objetivo del estudio es describir las meningitis bacterianas asociadas a AE diagnosticadas a adultos en un hospital durante un período de 25 años.

Métodos

Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con edad ≥ 14 años que habían sido diagnosticados de meningitis bacteriana asociada a AE entre 1982 y 2006.

Resultados

Se incluyen 8 casos (3,3% de las diagnosticadas durante el periodo de estudio), con una mediana de edad de 62 años (35–80). El procedimiento de AE efectuado fue: bomba de infusión de morfina con catéter epidural (3 casos) o intratecal (3), electroestimulación epidural (1) y anestesia epidural (1). La localización en columna fue: cervical (2 casos), dorsal (3) y lumbar (3). El tiempo transcurrido del inicio de la AE al diagnóstico fue de 7-101 días (mediana de 26). Tuvieron fiebre 8 casos (100%) y cefalea 7 (87,5%), cursando con rigidez de nuca 4 (50%). En líquido cefalorraquídeo se observó pleocitosis en 8 casos (100%), proteínas elevadas en 8 (100%) e hipoglucorraquia en 5 (62,5%). La etiología fue: Staphylococcus epidermidis (2 casos), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Enterococcus faecalis (1), Streptococcus milleri (1), flora mixta (S. epidermidis y Pseudomonas fluorescens) (1), cultivos negativos (1). El tratamiento incluyó antibioterapia y retirada del dispositivo de analgesia, falleciendo un paciente (12,5%).

Conclusiones

La AE es infrecuente como factor de riesgo de meningitis bacteriana, pero la gravedad de la infección obliga a considerarla en el diagnóstico diferencial de la cefalea y del síndrome febril en estos pacientes

Palabras clave:
Meningitis bacteriana
Analgesia epidural
Anestesia espinal
Inyección espinal
Dolor
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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