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Vol. 25. Núm. 5.
Páginas 300-308 (enero 2009)
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Vol. 25. Núm. 5.
Páginas 300-308 (enero 2009)
Original Article
Acceso a texto completo
Descriptive analysis of the use of atypical antipsychotics under compassionate-use in a health area in Ferrol (La Coruña, Spain)
Análisis descriptivo de la prescripción de antipsicóticos atípicos de uso compasivo en el área sanitaria de Ferrol
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D. Santos-Garcíaa,
Autor para correspondencia
diegosangar@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, M. Macíasa, A. Casás-Martínezb, M. Llanezaa, J. Abellaa, A. Aneirosa, H. Santosa, G. Domínguez-Urbistondob, B. Salazar-Layab
a Sección de Neurología, Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain
b Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Abstract
Background and objective

Although atypical antipsychotics (AA) provoke fewer extrapyramidal symptoms (ES) than classic antipsychotics, their use in patients greater than or equal to 75 years old with dementia must be under compassionate-use. This is an important limitation. We performed a descriptive analysis of the use of atypical antipsychotics under compassionate-use (AACU) in the Ferrol health area.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively assessed all the patients who were receiving an AACU from March, 2004 (that is the date when prescription under compassionate-use of AA came into force in Spain) to 30 November, 2008.

Results

One hundred and thirty-three of 164 patients (63.6% women; median ages, 81.9±4.95 years) were included. Diagnostic aetiologies were: 42.9% Alzheimer disease, 30.8% Parkinson-dementia/Lewy body disease, and 15.8% vascular/mixed dementia. A total of 68.4% of patients had received other anti-psychotic drugs previously and 32.3% had ES due to antipsychotics. The AACU received were: quetiapine (76.7%), ziprasidone (18.8%), and olanzapine (4.5%). Median follow-uptime was 20.25±20.38 months. Side effects were observed in 19.7% of patients. Improvement of NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) was 33.3±24.75 points. Agitation/aggressiveness (5.6±4.55), delirious ideas (4.94±5.07), irritability (4.38±4.94), and anxiety (4.32±4.83) were the symptoms that most improved. Although there were no differences between AACU, quetiapine was associated with significant maintenance in monotherapy (94.1% vs 72% for ziprasidone and 83.3% for olanzapine; p<0.0001).

Conclusions

AACU are effective and well tolerated drugs. Quetiapine was the most frequently used AACU. An excessive percentage of patients previously received other antipsychotics and present with ES.

Keywords:
Agitation
Anti-psychotic
Behaviour
Dementia
Neuroleptic drugs
Quetiapine
Resumen
Objetivos

Aunque quetiapina y ziprasidona producen menos síntomas extrapiramidales (SEP) que otros antipsicóticos, su uso en pacientes mayores de 75 años con demencia se ve condicionado por la obligatoriedad de prescribirlos “por uso compasivo”. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo del uso de antipsicóticos atípicos de uso compasivo (AAUC) en el área sanitaria de Ferrol.

Pacientes y métodos

Incluimos a todos los pacientes que recibieran un AAUC desde marzo de 2004 (fecha en que entró en vigor la dispensación de AAUC) hasta el 30-11-2008.

Resultados

Se incluyó a 133 de un total de 164 pacientes (el 63,6%, mujeres; media±desviación estándar de edad, 81,9±4,95 años). El 94,1% presentaba demencia (el 42,9%, enfermedad de Alzheimer; el 30,8%, demencia-enfermedad de Parkinson, y el 15,8%, demencia vascular/mixta). El 68,4% había recibido algún otro antipsicótico previo y el 32,3% presentaba SEP secundarios. Los AAUC prescritos fueron: quetiapina (76,7%), ziprasidona (18,8%) y olanzapina (4,5%). La media de tiempo de seguimiento fue 20,25±20,38 meses. El cumplimiento terapéutico fue del 95,5%. El 19,7% presentó efectos secundarios. La media de mejora en la escala NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) fue 33,3±24,75 puntos. La agitación/agresividad (5,6±4,55), las ideas delirantes (4,94±5,07), la irritabilidad (4,38±4,94) y la ansiedad (4,32±4,83) fueron los síntomas que más mejoraron. Aunque no hubo diferencias entre los 3 AAUC, quetiapina conllevó un mayor mantenimiento en monoterapia (el 94,1 frente al 72% de ziprasidona y el 83,3% de olanzapina; p<0,0001).

Conclusiones

Los AAUC son fármacos efectivos y bien tolerados. Quetiapina es el AAUC más utilizado. Un porcentaje excesivo de pacientes reciben antes otros antipsicóticos y presentan SEP.

Palabras clave:
Agitación
Antipsicótico
Demencia
Neuroléptico
Quetiapina
Trastorno conductual
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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