Información del artículo
Resumen
En general, no se aconseja el tratamiento con terapia hormonal sustitutiva (THS) de las pacientes con antecedente de cáncer mamario. Esta actitud se debe a la creencia, no demostrada, de que los estrógenos pueden aumentar el riesgo de recidiva tumoral. Numerosos trabajos sugieren que la THS no aumenta de forma clínicamente relevante el riesgo de recidiva tumoral o de segundo tumor primario. Sin embargo, muchos de ellos son poco concluyentes. En la actualidad, no existen datos fiables sobre los riesgos y beneficios que entraña la THS en estas pacientes. El clínico debe conocer el estado actual de la evidencia respecto a este tema para poder informar detalladamente a la paciente, la cual tendrá la última palabra
Palabras clave:
Terapia hormonal sustitutiva (THS)
Antecedente de cáncer mamario
Menopausia
Recidiva tumoral
Abstract
In general, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not advised in patients with a history of breast cancer. This attitude is due to the unfounded belief that estrogens can increase the risk of tumor recurrence. Numerous studies suggest that HRT does not produce a clinically relevant increase in the risk of tumor recurrence or of a second primary tumor. However, many of these studies are inconclusive. Currently, reliable data on the risks and benefits of HRT in these patients is lacking. Specialists should keep up to date with the evidence to be able to provide detailed information to the patient; it is the patient who has the last word
Keywords:
Hormone replacement therapy
Breast cancer antecedents
Menopause
Tumor recurrence
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
E. Daly, A. Gray, D. Barlow, et al.
Measuring the impact of menopausal symptoms in quality of life.
Bmj, 307 (1993), pp. 836-840
[2.]
J.A. Cauley, D.G. Seeley, K. Ensrud, et al.
Estrogen replacemtne therapy and fractures in older women.
Ann Intern Med, 122 (1995), pp. 9-16
[3.]
E.G. Lufkin, H.W. Wahner, W.M. O'Fallon.
Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transermal estrogen.
Ann Intern Med, 117 (1992), pp. 1-9
[4.]
Trial The PEPI.
Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimes on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) trial.
Jama, 273 (1995), pp. 199-208
[5.]
F. Grodstein, M.J. Stampfer, G.A. Colditz, et al.
Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality.
N Engl J Med, 336 (1997), pp. 1769-1775
[6.]
P. Disaia, W.R. Brewster.
The choice of estrogen replacement therapy after a diagnosis of breast cancer.
Ann Surg Oncol, 6 (1999), pp. 135-136
[7.]
J. Bines, D.M. Oleske, M.A. Cobleigh.
Ovarian function in premenopausal women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
J Clin Oncol, 14 (1996), pp. 1718-1729
[9.]
B. Fisher, J. Constantino, C. Redmond, et al.
A randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal women.
N Engl J Med, 320 (1989), pp. 479-484
[10.]
R.B. Dickson, E.W. Thompson, M.E. Lippman, et al.
Regulation of proliferation, invasion and growth factor synthesis in breast cancer by steroids.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 37 (1990), pp. 305-316
[11.]
H.V. Thomas, G.K. Reeves, T.J. Key.
Endogenous estrogen and postmenopausal breast cancer: a quantitative review.
Cancer Causes Control, 8 (1997), pp. 922-928
[12.]
Early Breast Cancer Trialist Collaborative Group.
Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52 705 women without breast cancer.
Lancet, 350 (1997), pp. 1047-1059
[13.]
C.S. Fiel, S.J. Ory, W.H. Wahner.
Preventive effects of transdermal 17 beta estradiol on osteoporotic changes after surgical menopause: a 2 year placebo-controlled trial.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 168 (1993), pp. 114-121
[14.]
D.R. Gambrell, R.C. Maier, B.I. Sanders.
Decreased incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal estrogen-progestogen users.
Obstet Gynecol, 62 (1983), pp. 435-443
[15.]
L.E. Natchigall, R.H. Natchigall, R.D. Natchigall, et al.
Estrogen replacement therapy II: A prospective study in the relationship to carcinoma and cardiovascular and metabolic problems.
Obstet Gynecol, 54 (1979), pp. 74-79
[16.]
R.K. Ross, A. Paganini-Hill, P.C. Wan, et al.
Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen vs estrogen plus progestin.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 92 (2000), pp. 328-332
[17.]
C. Schairer, J. Lubin, R. Troisi, et al.
Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy in breast cancer risk.
Jama, 283 (2000), pp. 485-491
[18.]
I. Persson, E. Weiderpass, L. Bergkvist, et al.
Risks of breast and endometrial cancer after estrogen and progestin replacement.
Cancer Causes Control, 10 (1999), pp. 253-260
[19.]
G.A. Colditz, B. Rosner.
Nurses' Health Study Research Group. Use of estrogen plus progestin is associated with greater increase in breast cancer risk than estrogen alone.
Am J Epidemiol, 147 (1998), pp. 645
[20.]
C.G. Willet, G.A. Colditz, M.J. Stampfer, et al.
Postmenopausal estrogens–opposed, unopposed, or none of the above.
Jama, 283 (2000), pp. 534-535
[21.]
C. Schairer, M. Gail, C. Byrne.
Estrogen replacement therapy in a large screening study.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 350 (1999), pp. 114-121
[22.]
D.B. Willis, E.E. Calle, H.L. Miracle-Mc Mahill.
Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal breast cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women in the United States.
Cancer Causes Control, 7 (1996), pp. 449-457
[23.]
K. Holli, J. Isola, J. Cuzick.
Low biologic aggressiveness in breast cancer in women using hormone replacement therapy.
J Clin Oncol, 16 (1998), pp. 3115-3120
[24.]
R.B. Dickson, E.W. Thompson, M.E. Lippman.
Regulation of proliferation, invasion and growth factor synthesis in breast cancer by steroids.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 37 (1990), pp. 305-316
[26.]
R.J.B. King.
A discussion of the roles of estrogen and progestin in human mamary carcinogenesis.
J Esteroid Biochem Molec Biol, 39 (1991), pp. 811-818
[27.]
F. Berrino, P. Muti, A. Micheli.
Serum sex homone levels after menopause and subsequent breast cancer.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 88 (1996), pp. 291-296
[28.]
Zhang, D.P. Kiel, B.E. Kreger, et al.
Bone mass and the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women.
N Engl J Med, 336 (1997), pp. 611-617
[30.]
R. Vassilopoulou-Sellin, C. Zolinsky.
Estrogen replacement therapy in women with breast cancer: A survey of patient attitudes.
Am J Med Sci, 304 (1992), pp. 145-149
[31.]
R.J. Couzy, K.J. Helzlsouer, J.H. Fetting, et al.
Prevalence of menopausal symptoms among women with a history of breast cancer and attitudes toward estrogen replacement therapy.
J Clin Oncol, 13 (1995), pp. 2737-2744
[32.]
R.M. Clark, T. Chua.
Breast cancer and pregnancy: the ultimate challenge.
Clin Oncol Royal College of Radiologist, 1 (1989), pp. 11-18
[33.]
A.G. Wile, R.W. Opfell, D.A. Magileth.
Hormone replacement therapy in previously tretated breast cancer patients.
Am J Surg, 165 (1993), pp. 372-375
[34.]
E.S. O'Meara, M.A. Rossing, J.R. Daling, et al.
Hormone replacement therapy after a diagnosis of breast cancer in relation to recurrence and mortality.
J Natl Cance Ins, 93 (2001), pp. 754-762
[35.]
J.A. Eden.
A case controlled study of combined continuous estrogen- progestin replacement therapy among women with a personal history of breast cancer.
Menopause, 2 (1995), pp. 67-72
[36.]
B.J. Stoll.
Hormone replacement therapy in women treated for breast cancer.
Euro J Cancer Clin Oncol, 25 (1989), pp. 1909-1913
[37.]
P.J. Di Saia, E.A. Grosen, T. Kurosaki, et al.
Hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer survivors: a cohort study.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 174 (1996), pp. 1494-1498
[38.]
A. Gorins.
Traitement hormonal substitutif de menopause chez la femme ayant des antecedents personnels de mastopathie benigne ou de cancer du sein.
Gynecol Oncol, 94 (1999), pp. 25-29
[39.]
A.Z. Blumming, J.R. Waisman, G.A. Dosik, et al.
Hormone replacement therapy in women with previously treated primary breast cancer, update IV.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 17 (1997), pp. 496
[40.]
T. Decker, D. Cox, J. Burdakin, et al.
Hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer survivors.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 15 (1996), pp. 209
[41.]
T.J. Powles, T. Hickish, S. Casey.
Hormone replacement after breast cancer.
Lancet, 342 (1993), pp. 60-61
[42.]
J. Marsdem, M. Baum, D. Jurkovic, et al.
A randomized pilot study of HRT in breast cancer patients: the combined effects of tamoxifen and HRT on the endometrium.
Breast, 6 (1997), pp. 238-243
[43.]
R. Vassilopoulou-Sellin, L. Asmar, G.N. Hortobagyi, et al.
Estrogen replacement therapy after localized breast cancer: clinical outcome of 319 women followed prospectively.
J Clin Oncol, 17 (1999), pp. 1482-1487
[44.]
D. Booser.
Estrogen withdrawal as initial treatment for metastatic breast cancer.
Proc ASCO, 13 (1998), pp. 130a
[45.]
T.J. Powles, T. Hickish.
Breast cancer response to hormone replacement therapy withdrawal.
Lancet, 345 (1995), pp. 1442
[46.]
M.V. Dhodapkar, J.N. Ingle, D.L. Ahmann, et al.
Estrogen replacement therapy withdrawal and regression of metastatic breast cancer.
Cancer, 75 (1995), pp. 43-46
[47.]
M.A. Cobleigh, F.E. Norlock, F.E. Do, et al.
Hormone replacement therapy and high S phase in breast cancer.
Jama, 281 (1999), pp. 1528-1530
[48.]
M.B. Laya, E.B. Larson, S.H. Taplin, et al.
Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the specificity and sensitivity of screening mammography.
Jnci, 88 (1996), pp. 643-649
[49.]
M.M. Mc Nicholas, J.P. Henegan, M.H. Milner.
Pain and increased mammographic density in women receiving hormone replacement therapy: a prospective study.
Am J Roentgenol, 163 (1994), pp. 311-315
[50.]
J.A. Perlman, H.L. Parnes, L.G. Ford, et al.
Projections of the longevity effects of tamoxifen + progestin vs HRT in breast cancer survivors requiring hormonal symptom relief [abstract].
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 16 (1997), pp. 131a
[51.]
K. Pritchard, H.A. Llewellyn-Thomas, J. Lewis, et al.
The use of a probability trade-off task to assess aceptable increment in risk of breast cancer recurrence in order to estimate sample size for a randomized clinical trial of hormone replacement therapy in women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 15 (1996), pp. 213
[52.]
P.A. Ganz, G. Greendale, B. Khan, J.F. O'Leary, et al.
Are breast cancer survivors willing to take hormone replacement therapy?.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 15 (1996), pp. 102
Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia