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Cambios en recesos laterales y forámenes en segmentos degenerativos lumbares de pacientes sintomáticos estudiados mediante resonancia magnética en decúbito y bipedestación
Differences in MRI measurements of lateral recesses and foramina in degenerative lumbar segments in upright versus decubitus symptomatic patients
M. García Isidro
Autor para correspondencia
mgarciaisidro@hmhospitales.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, A. Ferreiro Pérez, M.S. Fernández López-Peláez, M. Moeinvaziri, P. Fernández García
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de Madrid Montepríncipe, Madrid, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los fen&#243;menos degenerativos que afectan a distintos elementos de la columna lumbar son causa importante de dolor lumbar y radiculopat&#237;a y suponen una importante indicaci&#243;n para la realizaci&#243;n de pruebas de imagen&#44; incluida la resonancia magn&#233;tica &#40;RM&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La protrusi&#243;n discal&#44; focal o difusa&#44; puede producir compresi&#243;n de las ra&#237;ces nerviosas en los recesos laterales&#44; en el foramen intervertebral o a la salida del mismo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la degeneraci&#243;n facetaria es una causa frecuente tambi&#233;n de dolor radicular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mayor parte de los s&#237;ntomas en pacientes con patolog&#237;a lumbar se manifiestan especialmente en posiciones de carga&#44; como la sedestaci&#243;n o la bipedestaci&#243;n&#46; El <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dolor discog&#233;nico</span>&#44; causa principal de dolor lumbar inespec&#237;fico especialmente cr&#243;nico&#44; tiene una clara influencia mec&#225;nica&#58; se provoca por posiciones y actividades que aumentan la presi&#243;n intradiscal y el estr&#233;s del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">annulus</span> y se alivia en el dec&#250;bito&#46; El <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dolor radicular</span> es agudo y lancinante&#44; y tiene como causa m&#225;s frecuente la hernia discal y en menor medida la estenosis de canal y for&#225;menes&#46; El <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dolor facetario</span> debe sospecharse en un paciente mayor de 60 a&#241;os que sufra dolor estando de pie o andando&#44; se alivie sentado y aumente con la extensi&#243;n ipsilateral y la palpaci&#243;n&#46; La <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">inestabilidad degenerativa</span> &#40;en sus distintas fases de disfunci&#243;n&#44; inestabilidad o reestabilizaci&#243;n&#41; est&#225; muy relacionada con el dolor cr&#243;nico e implica una serie de movimientos an&#243;malos potencialmente relacionados con los cambios de postura<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las im&#225;genes obtenidas en dec&#250;bito supino no proporcionan un adecuado conocimiento de los cambios fisiol&#243;gicos que se producen en situaciones de carga del propio peso&#44; en sedestaci&#243;n o con los cambios de posici&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a>&#46; La mayor&#237;a de las t&#233;cnicas de imagen convencionales no cuentan con una adecuada precisi&#243;n para identificar con exactitud la verdadera causa del dolor&#44; lo que no solo es frustrante para paciente y m&#233;dico&#44; sino que dificulta enormemente a los cl&#237;nicos el determinar un plan terap&#233;utico espec&#237;fico para el paciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; La escasa correlaci&#243;n entre los hallazgos de imagen y la presentaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica de los pacientes con patolog&#237;a degenerativa dolorosa de la columna es un problema bien documentado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Esto ha llevado a multitud de grupos de trabajo a investigar el papel de nuevas t&#233;cnicas&#44; entre las que se encuentran los estudios mediante RM posicional &#40;pMRI&#41; y din&#225;mica &#40;kMRI&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Numerosos estudios han mostrado que en posiciones de bipedestaci&#243;n o sedestaci&#243;n se producen cambios respecto al dec&#250;bito en distintos espacios y estructuras de la columna lumbar&#44; tales como el espacio discal&#44; el canal espinal&#44; los recesos laterales o los for&#225;menes de conjunci&#243;n&#46; Dichos cambios pueden comprometer estructuras neurales relacionadas con el dolor&#46; Asumiendo que el segmento degenerado es un segmento inestable con biomec&#225;nica alterada&#44; y que la inestabilidad se asocia a dolor lumbar mec&#225;nico&#44; pretendemos conocer si la posici&#243;n vertical con soporte de carga es suficiente raz&#243;n para causar diferencias cuantificables mediante RM en las medidas de recesos laterales y for&#225;menes de conjunci&#243;n en bipedestaci&#243;n respecto al dec&#250;bito con piernas estiradas&#46; Pretendemos conocer si esos cambios se asocian a determinados factores o circunstancias en determinados pacientes y si estos se podr&#237;an beneficiar del estudio mediante esta t&#233;cnica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron 175 pacientes de 17 a 75 a&#241;os &#40;mediana de 47 a&#241;os&#41; con s&#237;ntomas de dolor mec&#225;nico lumbar &#40;lumbalgia&#44; ci&#225;tica o lumboci&#225;tica&#41;&#44; fundamentalmente cr&#243;nico&#44; de meses o a&#241;os de evoluci&#243;n&#44; remitidos a nuestro servicio para la realizaci&#243;n de RM lumbar en bipedestaci&#243;n&#46; Los pacientes proced&#237;an&#44; fundamentalmente&#44; de servicios de neurocirug&#237;a&#44; traumatolog&#237;a y unidad del dolor&#44; y muchos de ellos hab&#237;an sido estudiados previamente con t&#233;cnicas de imagen&#44; incluyendo la RM convencional&#46; Todos los pacientes del estudio presentaban s&#237;ntomas en el momento de realizar la prueba&#44; si bien solo se dispuso de informaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica referente a la postura en que predominaba el dolor en 115 pacientes&#46; Se codific&#243; la intensidad del dolor&#44; seg&#250;n referencia del paciente&#44; con valor 2 &#40;m&#225;ximo&#41;&#44; 1 &#40;moderado-leve&#41; y 0 &#40;ausencia&#41; en un c&#243;digo de dos cifras&#44; donde la primera cifra corresponde a la cl&#237;nica en bipedestaci&#243;n y la segunda&#44; a la cl&#237;nica en dec&#250;bito&#46; Para el grupo de 115 pacientes en que conocimos la predominancia e intensidad de la cl&#237;nica&#44; en la gran mayor&#237;a de ellos &#40;un 85&#37;&#41; la sintomatolog&#237;a se produc&#237;a o agravaba en bipedestaci&#243;n &#40;grupos 21&#44; 20 y 10&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios se realizaron en un dispositivo Stand &#8211; Up TM MRI&#174; &#40;Fonar Corp&#44; Melville&#44; NY&#41;&#44; de 0&#44;6 T&#44; con un dise&#241;o frontal-superior abierto&#44; que incorpora una camilla con funciones de inclinaci&#243;n&#44; traslaci&#243;n y elevaci&#243;n&#44; que permite colocar al paciente en posiciones vertical en carga y horizontal&#46; Se emple&#243; una antena flexible de superficie en la zona lumbar&#46; Se realiz&#243; el estudio en dec&#250;bito con piernas extendidas y&#44; a continuaci&#243;n&#44; en bipedestaci&#243;n&#46; Para facilitar la tolerancia a la postura&#44; se permiti&#243; al paciente apoyar los de antebrazos en un soporte situado delante de &#233;l o ella&#44; a una altura ligeramente inferior al pecho&#44; aunque sin carga de peso sobre dicho apoyo&#46; El tiempo medio de duraci&#243;n de los estudios fue de unos 15 minutos para el dec&#250;bito y unos 10 minutos para la bipedestaci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El protocolo de estudio fue el mismo en todos los casos&#58;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio en dec&#250;bito<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sagital T2 TSE&#58; TR 2000&#44; TE 140&#44; grosor de corte de 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; gap de 0&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46; FOV de 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm y matriz de 256 &#215; 256&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Axial T2 TSE&#58; se obtienen 5 cortes por cada segmento lumbar analizado&#44; con TRs 2000 &#8211; 300&#44; TE 120&#44; FOV 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; matriz 256 &#215; 224&#44; grosor de corte de 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm y gap de 0&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sagital T1&#58; TR 350 &#8211; 400&#44; TE 25&#44; grosor de corte de 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; FOV de 44 y matriz de 512 &#215; 256&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio en bipedestaci&#243;n</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sagital T2 TSE&#44; mismo protocolo que para el dec&#250;bito&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Axial T2 TSE&#44; mismo protocolo que para el dec&#250;bito&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cada paciente se consider&#243;&#44; para la toma de medidas&#44; el nivel o niveles donde existiesen signos de afectaci&#243;n degenerativa prominente &#40;p&#233;rdida de se&#241;al y altura en secuencias potenciadas en T2 seg&#250;n clasificaci&#243;n de Griffith<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#44; abombamiento-protrusi&#243;n-hernia discal&#44; degeneraci&#243;n facetaria&#44; estenosis de canal&#44; listesis degenerativa y&#47;o cambios Modic I y II&#41;&#46; Ning&#250;n caso fue postraum&#225;tico ni fue diagnosticado de patolog&#237;a tumoral o infecciosa&#46; Fueron excluidos todos aquellos casos en los que existieron factores que hicieron imposible la comparaci&#243;n de los niveles elegidos entre posiciones &#40;escoliosis acentuadas y artefactos de movimiento o por material quir&#250;rgico en una o varias secuencias a comparar&#41;&#46; Finalmente fueron incluidos 207 niveles discales pertenecientes a los 175 pacientes del estudio&#46; De ellos&#44; 135 niveles discales pertenec&#237;an a los 115 pacientes en los que se conoc&#237;a la predominancia postural de la cl&#237;nica&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis de las im&#225;genes &#40;toma de medidas&#41; se realiz&#243; por un solo explorador&#46; Los coeficientes de correlaci&#243;n intraclase para los distintos par&#225;metros oscilaron de 0&#44;92 a 0&#44;99&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medidas de recesos</span>&#58; en cortes axiales&#44; se determinaron las distancias entre el margen discal tapizado por el ligamento vertebral posterior &#40;l&#237;mite anterior&#41; y la parte craneal de la faceta articular tapizada por el ligamento amarillo&#46; Corresponde&#44; por tanto&#44; a la zona I seg&#250;n la descripci&#243;n de Anderson y McNeill<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medidas de for&#225;menes</span>&#58; en cortes sagitales&#44; se midieron &#225;reas y di&#225;metros inferiores de ambos for&#225;menes&#44; derecho e izquierdo&#44; en cada segmento analizado&#46; Preferiblemente se consider&#243; la zona II de Anderson y McNeill&#44; a nivel de ped&#237;culos como l&#237;mites superior e inferior&#44; pero cuando se estim&#243; que a ese nivel pod&#237;an existir diferencias por discrepancias en el nivel de corte entre posiciones&#44; se consideraron algunos for&#225;menes lateralmente al ped&#237;culo&#44; en la zona III&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">An&#225;lisis de datos</span>&#58; para tener en cuenta el posible factor de error &#40;cambios en medidas no atribuibles a la variaci&#243;n de dec&#250;bito a bipedestaci&#243;n&#41;&#44; se consideraron como significativos solo aquellos aumentos o disminuciones mayores o iguales a un 10&#37; de la medida en bipedestaci&#243;n respecto a la medida en dec&#250;bito&#46; Se realiz&#243;&#44; por tanto&#44; el an&#225;lisis de las significaciones estad&#237;sticas de los cambios iguales o superiores al 10&#37; entre los valores de las variables en ambas posturas empleando pruebas de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de Student pareadas&#46; Se consider&#243; significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica un intervalo de confianza superior al 95&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados y discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El n&#250;mero de cambios significativos con respecto a sexo&#44; edad&#44; nivel discal y grados de degeneraci&#243;n discal se recoge en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los niveles analizados fueron L4-L5 &#40;97&#44; un 47&#37;&#41; y L5-S1 &#40;85&#44; un 41&#37;&#41;&#46; Los ocho grados de degeneraci&#243;n discal seg&#250;n el sistema de Griffith<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> fueron agrupados en cuatro grupos&#58; leve &#40;grados 1 y 2&#41;&#44; moderada &#40;grados 3 y 4&#41;&#44; intensa &#40;grados 5 y 6&#41; y severa &#40;grados 7 y 8&#41;&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los casos analizados pertenecieron a los grupos moderado e intenso &#40;3 a 6 de Griffith&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El cambio de dec&#250;bito a bipedestaci&#243;n no implic&#243; modificaciones significativas &#40;superiores a un umbral de un 10&#37;&#41; en la mayor&#237;a de los niveles valorados&#46; Cuando se detectaron variaciones&#44; las medidas de los distintos par&#225;metros aumentaron o disminuyeron con el cambio de dec&#250;bito a bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; si bien predomin&#243; ampliamente la disminuci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#44; que puede suponer compromiso de espacio&#46; Se analizaron las medias de los cambios de for&#225;menes y recesos entre posiciones y sus intervalos de confianza para el total de niveles &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41; y seg&#250;n las distintas variables &#40;sexo&#44; edad&#44; grado de degeneraci&#243;n discal y predominio postural de la cl&#237;nica&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a> a 8&#41;&#46; Al considerar los cambios seg&#250;n las distintas variables&#44; ha existido diferente comportamiento de los distintos grupos de edad&#44; grado de degeneraci&#243;n discal y predominio postural de la cl&#237;nica&#44; no para el sexo&#46; Consideramos que los resultados apoyan el significado de inestabilidad como patrones de movimiento an&#243;malo&#44; no predecible&#44; del segmento vertebral debidos&#44; en este caso&#44; a la carga dependiente de la gravedad&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Los for&#225;menes de conjunci&#243;n</span> son estructuras en las que esperamos diferencia posicional que pueda tener relaci&#243;n con la sintomatolog&#237;a &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; En los cambios de dec&#250;bito a bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; el &#225;rea foraminal ser&#225; potencialmente sensible a los cambios originados fundamentalmente en los ligamentos amarillos &#40;l&#237;mite posterior del &#225;rea foraminal&#44; donde tambi&#233;n adquiere expresividad la c&#225;psula de la articulaci&#243;n facetaria&#41; o el disco &#40;l&#237;mite anterior a nivel de los di&#225;metros foraminales inferiores&#41;&#46; La reducci&#243;n foraminal en extensi&#243;n respecto a flexi&#243;n est&#225; bien descrita en modelos cadav&#233;ricos y en m&#250;ltiples estudios subjetivos y objetivos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;15&#8211;22</span></a>&#46; Con respecto a los cambios de dec&#250;bito a bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; se han descrito diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas en los descensos de &#225;reas foraminales tanto en pacientes asintom&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> como sintom&#225;ticos&#44; y a&#250;n m&#225;s en posici&#243;n vertical con hiperlordosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46; Otros estudios describen disminuci&#243;n de anchura y &#225;rea foraminal en pacientes sintom&#225;ticos respecto a voluntarios sanos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; El t&#233;rmino &#8220;estenosis foraminales ocultas&#8221; describe estenosis visualizadas solo en carga&#44; asociadas en todos los casos a patolog&#237;a degenerativa discal y facetaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; En nuestro estudio se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas para el descenso de &#225;reas y di&#225;metros en bipedestaci&#243;n bilateralmente en el total de pacientes &#40;v&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;&#46; Considerando variables&#44; destacamos los resultados claramente diferenciados al tener en cuenta la edad y el grado de degeneraci&#243;n discal&#58; para los grupos de edad&#44; resultados diferentes en los grupos de 41 a 60 a&#241;os y mayores de 61 a&#241;os &#40;donde hay significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica para la disminuci&#243;n en bipedestaci&#243;n&#41; frente al grupo de 21 a 40 a&#241;os &#40;v&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">tabla 6</a>&#41;&#46; Con respecto al grado de degeneraci&#243;n discal&#44; clara diferencia en los grupos de degeneraci&#243;n moderada e intensa &#40;3 a 6 de Griffith&#44; con disminuciones estad&#237;sticamente significativas en bipedestaci&#243;n en todos los par&#225;metros de ambos lados&#41;&#44; frente a los grupos de grados leves &#40;1 y 2&#41; y m&#225;s severamente afectados &#40;7 y 8&#41; &#40;v&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0035">tabla 7</a>&#41;&#46; Ello nos sugiere que en el grupo con un menor grado de patolog&#237;a degenerativa existe una menor repercusi&#243;n postural y&#44; en el otro extremo&#44; de alguna manera los grados de degeneraci&#243;n discal m&#225;s severos est&#225;n quiz&#225; en un contexto de menor inestabilidad del segmento respecto a discos menos degenerados por encontrarse en fase de reestabilizaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;6</span></a>&#46; Con respecto a la predominancia postural de la cl&#237;nica&#44; se encontr&#243; significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica para los pacientes con cl&#237;nica predominante en bipedestaci&#243;n &#40;v&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0040">tabla 8</a>&#41; y no para los cambios foraminales en los pacientes con cl&#237;nica en dec&#250;bito&#46; Consideramos que se encuentra correlaci&#243;n en las disminuciones de &#225;rea y di&#225;metros inferiores foraminales respecto a la predominancia posicional de la cl&#237;nica&#46; Sin embargo&#44; los resultados nos sugieren un componente multifactorial que supera los meros cambios morfol&#243;gicos visualizados en las estructuras anat&#243;micas mediante RM &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; La bien documentada anatom&#237;a de los for&#225;menes intervertebrales&#44; las relaciones vasculoneurales y la exquisita complejidad de los ligamentos foraminales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#8211;27</span></a> nos dan idea de los retos que a&#250;n nos quedan por afrontar en el estudio por imagen de la columna lumbar&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0040"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En los <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">recesos laterales</span> encontramos una situaci&#243;n an&#225;loga a la obtenida en las variaciones foraminales&#46; Se encontr&#243; significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica para el descenso en bipedestaci&#243;n en el total de pacientes &#40;v&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;&#44; en los grupos mayores de 40 a&#241;os &#40;v&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">tabla 6</a>&#41;&#44; en los grupos de degeneraci&#243;n moderada e intensa &#40;3 a 6 de Griffith&#41; &#40;v&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0035">tabla 7</a>&#41; y para los pacientes con cl&#237;nica predominante en bipedestaci&#243;n &#40;v&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0040">tabla 8</a>&#41;&#46; Los recesos laterales son susceptibles potencialmente de variar debido a cambios discales&#44; facetarios y en las regiones laterales de los ligamentos amarillos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Adem&#225;s de los potenciales cambios articulares facetarios&#44; creemos que tanto el abombamiento discal &#40;considerado en el estudio de Gilbert como no patol&#243;gico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#41; como la protrusi&#243;n discal &#40;focal o de amplia base&#41;&#44; son hallazgos posicionales importantes para la reducci&#243;n del tama&#241;o de los recesos laterales&#44; for&#225;menes y canal&#46; En el paso desde dec&#250;bito supino a bipedestaci&#243;n es esperable el aumento de la fuerza compresiva sobre los discos&#44; resultado de la gravedad y la activaci&#243;n muscular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0020">figs&#46; 4 y 5</a>&#41;&#46; Tambi&#233;n la extensi&#243;n aumentada en la posici&#243;n de bipedestaci&#243;n supone un efecto a&#241;adido al abombamiento-protrusi&#243;n discal&#44; efecto que consideramos equiparable en posici&#243;n de dec&#250;bito con piernas estiradas&#46; Consideramos de gran importancia el menoscabo del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">annulus</span> en la funci&#243;n de carga que sufre el disco degenerado&#44; con o sin desgarros anulares&#46; Creemos que el abombamiento discal puede tener un papel importante&#44; con diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas para el total de casos&#44; en pacientes mayores de 41 a&#241;os y discos con grados de degeneraci&#243;n 3 a 6 de Griffith&#46; El cambio de dec&#250;bito a bipedestaci&#243;n ser&#237;a poco relevante en pacientes m&#225;s j&#243;venes y estar&#237;an relativamente indemnes&#44; en este sentido&#44; los discos poco degenerados &#40;con m&#237;nimos o leves cambios en el n&#250;cleo pulposo&#41;&#46; Tambi&#233;n se observa poca modificaci&#243;n posicional en los discos m&#225;s degenerados&#46; Zou et al&#46; describen c&#243;mo los discos m&#225;s degenerados son menos predecibles que los discos m&#225;s sanos&#46; La respuesta del disco degenerado a los cambios posturales est&#225; influida por los cambios estructurales y degenerativos que hacen muy dif&#237;cil anticipar una respuesta tipo o &#250;nica ante tales cambios posicionales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Ulteriores investigaciones nos quedan pendientes para valorar el efecto de la flexoextensi&#243;n en este y otros hallazgos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existen limitaciones en nuestro estudio&#46; Hubiera sido deseable poder disponer de datos cl&#237;nicos en la totalidad de los casos del estudio&#46; No hemos podido contar con suficiente precisi&#243;n en la informaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica del dolor para establecer el tipo concreto de dolor ni para emplear alguno de los sistemas de registro de dolor que publica la literatura cient&#237;fica&#46; El n&#250;mero de casos en algunos subgrupos al considerar los cambios seg&#250;n variables ha sido muy escaso&#44; lo que limita el valor de los resultados en cuanto a significaci&#243;n&#46; Aunque la calidad de imagen es &#243;ptima&#44; encontramos limitaciones respecto a la precisi&#243;n que permiten los dispositivos de alto campo magn&#233;tico&#44; eventualidad inevitable para los dispositivos de dise&#241;o abierto&#46; Los artefactos obtenidos por movimientos involuntarios debido a la posici&#243;n en bipedestaci&#243;n son muy superiores a los obtenidos en estudios rutinarios en dec&#250;bito &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">fig&#46; 4</a>B&#41;&#46; Hemos debido suspender algunos estudios por mala tolerancia a la prueba&#44; pero no se han producido ca&#237;das&#44; desvanecimientos u otras complicaciones rese&#241;ables&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mayor parte de los pacientes de nuestra serie no muestran cambios significativos en bipedestaci&#243;n respecto al dec&#250;bito con piernas estiradas en las medidas de sus recesos y for&#225;menes de conjunci&#243;n&#46; Pero la RM en posici&#243;n vertical puede demostrar disminuci&#243;n de los recesos laterales y for&#225;menes de conjunci&#243;n acorde a la predominancia de la sintomatolog&#237;a en bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; y dicha disminuci&#243;n se evidencia preferentemente para el grupo de pacientes mayores de 40 a&#241;os y con grados de degeneraci&#243;n discal 3 a 6 de Griffith&#46; Ello puede suponer informaci&#243;n adicional en el estudio de pacientes con dolor lumbar en bipedestaci&#243;n en caso de resultados no concluyentes o discrepantes con la cl&#237;nica en los estudios convencionales&#46; Son necesarios ulteriores estudios para ayudar a precisar mejor el valor de la RM en bipedestaci&#243;n para el estudio de la patolog&#237;a degenerativa lumbar&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Autor&#237;a</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Responsable de la integridad del estudio&#58; MGI&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concepci&#243;n del estudio&#58; MGI&#44; AFP&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dise&#241;o del estudio&#58; AFP&#44; MGI&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Obtenci&#243;n de los datos&#58; MGI&#44; AFP&#44; MSFLP&#44; MM&#44; PFG&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5&#46;</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis e interpretaci&#243;n de los datos&#58; MGI&#44; AFP&#44; MSFLP&#44; MM&#44; PFG&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6&#46;</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tratamiento estad&#237;stico&#58; MGI&#44; AFP&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">7&#46;</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">B&#250;squeda bibliogr&#225;fica&#58; MGI&#44; AFP&#44; MSFLP&#44; MM&#44; PFG&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">8&#46;</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Redacci&#243;n del trabajo&#58; MGI&#44; AFP&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">9&#46;</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Revisi&#243;n cr&#237;tica del manuscrito con aportaciones intelectualmente relevantes&#58; AFP&#44; PFG&#44; MSFLP&#44; MM&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0075"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">10&#46;</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aprobaci&#243;n de la versi&#243;n final&#58; AFP&#44; MSFLP&#44; MM&#44; PFG&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Resonancia magn&#233;tica en bipedestaci&#243;n"
            1 => "Dolor lumbar mec&#225;nico"
            2 => "Columna lumbar"
            3 => "Segmento inestable"
            4 => "Recesos laterales"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar los cambios en las medidas de recesos laterales y for&#225;menes de conjunci&#243;n en segmentos degenerativos lumbares de pacientes sintom&#225;ticos estudiados mediante resonancia magn&#233;tica posicional en dec&#250;bito y bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; as&#237; como su posible relaci&#243;n con la cl&#237;nica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron 207 niveles discales de 175 pacientes de 17 a 75 a&#241;os &#40;mediana&#58; 47 a&#241;os&#41; con cl&#237;nica de dolor lumbar&#46; A todos los pacientes se les realiz&#243;&#44; en el mismo procedimiento&#44; resonancia magn&#233;tica en dec&#250;bito con piernas estiradas seguida de resonancia magn&#233;tica en bipedestaci&#243;n&#46; Se determin&#243; la diferencia de las medidas de sus recesos laterales &#40;en mil&#237;metros&#41; y for&#225;menes de conjunci&#243;n &#40;&#225;reas en mil&#237;metros cuadrados y di&#225;metros inferiores en mil&#237;metros&#41; entre ambas posiciones&#46; Para los casos con diferencias significativas &#40;&#8805;10&#37; de aumento o disminuci&#243;n entre posiciones&#44; margen fijado para el factor de error de medici&#243;n&#41; se emple&#243; el test <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de Student pareado&#44; present&#225;ndose an&#225;lisis globales y en subgrupos de edad&#44; sexo&#44; grado de degeneraci&#243;n discal y predominancia postural de la cl&#237;nica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el conjunto de niveles&#44; las medias de las medidas de las distintas variables fueron menores en bipedestaci&#243;n&#46; Para los recesos laterales&#44; se observaron diferencias &#8805;10&#37; en 68 recesos derechos &#40;33&#37;&#41; y 65 izquierdos &#40;31&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#44; con clara predominancia de la disminuci&#243;n en bipedestaci&#243;n &#40;disminuci&#243;n en el 26&#37; de niveles vs&#46; aumento en el 7&#37; en los recesos derechos&#44; 24&#37; vs&#46; 7&#44;5&#37; en los izquierdos&#41;&#44; con valores de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&#46; Con respecto a los for&#225;menes&#44; tambi&#233;n predominancia de la disminuci&#243;n en bipedestaci&#243;n de &#225;reas y di&#225;metros inferiores en ambos lados &#40;derechos&#58; &#225;reas 23&#37; disminuciones vs&#46; 4&#37; aumentos&#44; di&#225;metros inferiores 20&#37; vs&#46; 6&#37;&#46; Izquierdos&#58; &#225;reas 24&#37; disminuciones vs&#46; 4&#37; aumentos&#44; di&#225;metros inferiores 17&#37; vs&#46; 8&#37;&#41;&#44; igualmente con valores de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&#46; Considerando el grupo de pacientes en los que se conoc&#237;a la predominancia postural de la cl&#237;nica&#44; existieron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas en el grupo de pacientes con cl&#237;nica predominante o exclusiva en bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; no as&#237; en el peque&#241;o grupo de pacientes con cl&#237;nica en dec&#250;bito&#46; No hay diferencias entre sexos en los cambios en bipedestaci&#243;n en los recesos o &#225;reas foraminales&#46; En relaci&#243;n con la edad&#44; las diferencias entre posiciones no son estad&#237;sticamente significativas en los grupos m&#225;s j&#243;venes&#44; s&#237; en los grupos de mayores de 40 a&#241;os&#46; Las diferencias en funci&#243;n del grado de degeneraci&#243;n discal solo fueron estad&#237;sticamente significativas en grados intermedios &#40;grupos 3-6 de Griffith&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La resonancia magn&#233;tica en posici&#243;n vertical puede evidenciar disminuci&#243;n en recesos laterales y for&#225;menes de conjunci&#243;n acorde a la predominancia de la sintomatolog&#237;a en bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; preferentemente para el grupo de pacientes mayores de 40 a&#241;os y con grados de degeneraci&#243;n discal 3 a 6 de Griffith&#46; Ello puede suponer informaci&#243;n adicional en el estudio de pacientes con dolor lumbar en bipedestaci&#243;n en caso de resultados no concluyentes o discrepantes con la cl&#237;nica en los estudios convencionales&#46; Son necesarios ulteriores estudios para ayudar a precisar mejor el valor de la resonancia magn&#233;tica en bipedestaci&#243;n para el estudio de la patolog&#237;a degenerativa lumbar&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate differences in measurements of the lateral recesses and foramina in degenerative lumbar segments on MR images in symptomatic patients obtained with the patient standing versus lying down and to analyze the relationship between possible differences and patients&#8217; symptoms&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material and Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 207 disc levels in 175 patients aged between 17 and 75 years &#40;median&#58; 47 years&#41; with low back pain&#46; All patients underwent MRI in the decubitus position with their legs extended&#44; followed by MRI in the standing position&#46; We calculated the difference in the measurements of the lateral recesses &#40;in mm&#41; and in the foramina &#40;area in mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and smallest diameter in mm&#41; obtained in the two positions&#46; To eliminate the effects of possible errors in measurement&#44; we selected cases in which the difference between the measurements obtained in the two positions was &#8805;10&#37;&#59; we used Student&#39;s t-tests for paired samples to analyze the entire group and subgroups of patients according to age&#44; sex&#44; grade of disc degeneration&#44; and postural predominance of symptoms&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Overall&#44; the measurements of the spaces were lower when patients were standing&#46; For the lateral recesses&#44; we observed differences &#8805;10&#37; in 68 &#40;33&#37;&#41; right recesses and in 65 &#40;31&#46;5&#37;&#41; left recesses&#59; when patients were standing&#44; decreases were much more common than increases &#40;26&#37; vs&#46; 7&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; on the right side and 24&#37; vs&#46; 7&#46;5&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; on the left side&#59; p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;005&#41;&#46; For the foramina&#44; decreases in both the area and in the smallest diameter were also more common than increases when patients were standing&#58; on the right side&#44; areas decreased in 23&#37; and increased in 4&#37;&#44; and smallest diameters decreased in 20&#37; and increased 6&#37;&#59; on the left side&#44; areas decreased in 24&#37; and increased in 4&#37;&#44; and smallest diameters decreased in 17&#37; and increased in 8&#37; &#40;p&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;005&#41;&#46; Considering the group of patients in whom the postural predominance of symptoms was known&#44; we found significant differences in patients whose symptoms occurred predominantly or exclusively when standing&#44; but not in the small group of patients whose symptoms occurred predominantly while lying&#46; We found no differences between sexes in the changes in measurements of the recesses or foramina with standing&#46; The differences between the measurements obtained in different positions were significant in patients aged<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;40 years&#44; but not in younger groups of patients&#46; Differences in relation to the grade of disc degeneration were significant only in intermediate grades &#40;groups 3-6 in the Griffith classification system&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MRI obtained with patients standing can show decreases in the lateral recesses and foramina related to the predominance of symptoms while standing&#44; especially in patients aged<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;40 years with Griffith disc degeneration grade 3 to 6&#44; thus providing additional information in the study of patients who have low back pain when standing in whom the findings on conventional studies are inconclusive or discrepant with their symptoms&#46; Further studies are necessary to help better define the value of upright MRI studies for degenerative lumbar disease&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estenosis foraminal bilateral asociada a inestabilidad con degeneraci&#243;n interfacetaria L4-L5&#46; A&#41; Corte sagital en dec&#250;bito a nivel foraminal derecho&#44; con estenosis foraminal &#40;flecha&#41;&#44; engrosamiento de ligamento amarillo y l&#237;quido interfacetario &#40;cabeza de flecha&#41;&#46; B&#41; Corte sagital en bipedestaci&#243;n al mismo nivel&#44; con similar dimensi&#243;n de foramen &#40;flecha&#41;&#44; no visualiz&#225;ndose la imagen de l&#237;quido articular facetario a ese nivel&#46; A un nivel parasagital m&#225;s lateral &#40;C&#41;&#44; es visible la presencia de un quiste extraforaminal&#44; expresi&#243;n del desplazamiento del l&#237;quido facetario&#46; D&#41; Corte sagital en dec&#250;bito a nivel foraminal izquierdo&#44; con estenosis foraminal &#40;flecha&#41; y presencia tambi&#233;n de l&#237;quido articular interfacetario &#40;cabeza de flecha&#41;&#46; E&#41; Corte sagital en bipedestaci&#243;n al mismo nivel&#44; con similar dimensi&#243;n del foramen &#40;flecha&#41;&#44; no siendo claramente visible el l&#237;quido sinovial articular a ese nivel&#46; A un nivel adyacente &#40;F&#41;&#44; es visible desplazamiento posterior del l&#237;quido &#40;cabeza de flecha&#41;&#46; G&#41; Corte axial en dec&#250;bito&#46; H&#41; Corte axial con secuencia potenciada en T1 en bipedestaci&#243;n a un nivel m&#225;s inferior&#44; donde se evidencia el quiste desplazado derecho &#40;cabeza de flecha&#41;&#46; I&#41; Corte consecutivo m&#225;s inferior en bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; con visualizaci&#243;n del l&#237;quido izquierdo desplazado posteriormente &#40;cabeza de flecha&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1130
            "Ancho" => 1505
            "Tamanyo" => 265936
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cortes axiales a nivel del margen posterior discal L5-S1 en dec&#250;bito &#40;A&#41; y bipedestaci&#243;n &#40;B&#41;&#46; Reducci&#243;n de ambos recesos laterales &#40;flechas&#41;&#44; aun cuando a nivel m&#225;s inferior es visible una hernia posteromedial derecha &#40;C&#44; cabeza de flecha&#41; que no aumenta significativamente en bipedestaci&#243;n &#40;D&#44; cabeza de flecha&#41;&#46; Es posible observar en los cortes en bipedestaci&#243;n el aumento de LCR y mayor di&#225;metro del saco dural &#40;B y D&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 574
            "Ancho" => 1305
            "Tamanyo" => 99911
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cortes axiales del disco L4-L5 a nivel de margen posterior discal en dec&#250;bito &#40;A&#41; y bipedestaci&#243;n &#40;B&#41;&#46; Discreta reducci&#243;n de recesos laterales&#46; Las limitaciones en la tolerancia de la prueba en bipedestaci&#243;n son causa de artefactos de movimiento&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 562
            "Ancho" => 1305
            "Tamanyo" => 107497
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cortes axiales con sp T2 en dec&#250;bito &#40;A&#41; y bipedestaci&#243;n &#40;B&#41;&#46; Material de baja se&#241;al correspondiente a n&#250;cleo pulposo configurando una gran hernia discal central que ocupa gran parte de la secci&#243;n del canal&#46; Mayor compromiso del receso derecho en bipedestaci&#243;n &#40;flecha&#41;&#44; con menos repercusi&#243;n en el receso izquierdo y sin cambios significativos en las dimensiones herniarias&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">C&#243;digo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Casos &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Datos cl&#237;nicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cl&#237;nica igualmente intensa en dec&#250;bito y bipedestaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94 &#40;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dolor m&#225;s intenso en bipedestaci&#243;n que en dec&#250;bito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dolor intenso solamente en bipedestaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dolor m&#225;s intenso en dec&#250;bito que en bipedestaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;&#60;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dolor m&#225;s intenso en sedestaci&#243;n y extensi&#243;n que en bipedestaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;&#60;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dolor lumbar y nalga izquierda&#44; m&#225;s sedestaci&#243;n y tumbado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3296921.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">En los c&#243;digos&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>dolor m&#225;s intenso&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>dolor menos intenso&#44; 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>no dolor&#46; La cifra de las decenas del c&#243;digo representa la intensidad de dolor en bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; y la cifra de unidades&#44; la intensidad de dolor en dec&#250;bito&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Datos cl&#237;nicos de los niveles incluidos&#44; en valor absoluto y en porcentaje respecto al total de casos con informaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica &#40;N&#61;135&#41; en funci&#243;n de la posici&#243;n en que se manifiesta o intensifica la sintomatolog&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
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        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sexo</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Edad</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nivel discal</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grado de degeneraci&#243;n discal</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hombres&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107 &#40;52&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17-20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">D12-L1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Leve &#40;1 y 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;15&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mujeres&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;48&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21-40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63 &#40;30&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">L1-L2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderado &#40;3 y 4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80 &#40;39&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41-60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">117 &#40;57&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">L2-L3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;4&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Intenso &#40;5 y 6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61-75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;12&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">L3 -L4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;6&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Severo &#40;7 y 8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;18&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">L4-L5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97 &#40;47&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">L5-S1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85 &#40;41&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3296923.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">N&#250;mero de niveles incluidos&#44; en valor absoluto y en porcentaje respecto al total de casos &#40;N<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>207&#41; seg&#250;n sexo&#44; grupos de edad&#44; nivel discal y grado de degeneraci&#243;n discal</p>"
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41; de casos que var&#237;an&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41; que disminuyenen bipedestaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41; que aumentan en bipedestaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Receso derecho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68 &#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Receso izquierdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;31&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;rea foraminal derecha&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#225;metro inf&#46; foraminal derecho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;rea foraminal izquierda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#225;metro inf&#46; foraminal izquierdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3296917.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">N&#250;mero de casos&#44; en valor absoluto y porcentaje respecto al total &#40;N<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>207&#41;&#44; que var&#237;an con el cambio posicional de dec&#250;bito a bipedestaci&#243;n&#44; disminuyendo o aumentando</p>"
        ]
      ]
      8 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> empleando <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de Student pareada&#46;</p><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DT&#58; desviaci&#243;n t&#237;pica&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41; de casos que var&#237;an&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medida en dec&#250;bito &#91;media &#40;DT&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Medida en bipedestaci&#243;n &#91;media &#40;DT&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diferencia dec&#46; &#8211; bipe&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Receso derecho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Receso izquierdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;rea foraminal derecha&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">i&#225;metro inferior foraminal derecho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;rea foraminal izquierda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#225;metro inferior foraminal izquierdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41; de casos que var&#237;an&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;rea foraminal derecha&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#225;metro inf&#46; foraminal derecho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;rea foraminal izquierda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#225;metro inf foraminal izquierdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41; de casos que var&#237;an&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diferencia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero &#40;&#37;&#41; de casos que var&#237;an&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diferencia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Receso izquierdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;28&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;32&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;rea foraminal derecha&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diferencia dec&#46; &#8211; bipe&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diferencia dec&#46; &#8211; bipe&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Di&#225;metro inf&#46; foraminal izquierdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 00338338
Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1016/j.rx.2021.01.003
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