Expresión de Factor Estimulante de Colonias-1 (CSF-1) y Catepsina-K en Lesiones Periapicales | Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral

Información del artículo

Resumen

La lesión periapical (LPA) es una patología inmunoinflamatoria de origen infeccioso, caracterizada por la destrucción del tejido periapical, y está asociada a la expresión de diversos mediadores inflamatorios. El Factor Estimulante de Colonias -1 (CSF-1) promueve la diferenciación de células precursoras de osteoclastos, mientras que Catepsina K, participa en la reabsorción de matriz extracelular ósea; de modo que ambos podrían estar relacionados con la osteólisis característica de las LPAs. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la expresión de estos mediadores en quiste radicular inflamatorio (QRI), granuloma periapical (GP) y ligamento periodontal sano.

Materiales y Métodos

Se seleccionaron 13 individuos con diagnóstico clínico de Periodontitis apical crónica (PAC) e indicación de extracción. Luego de la exodoncia, las lesiones periapicales (LPAs) fueron biopsiadas y se realizó el diagnóstico anátomo-patológico. Se incluyeron también controles de ligamento periodontal sano de individuos con indicación de extracción de premolares por motivos ortodóncicos (n=7). Posteriormente se realizó tinción inmunohistoquímica para detectar la presencia de los mediadores en estudio, para finalmente examinar los cortes en un microscopio óptico.

Resultados

La expresión de CSF-1 y Catepsina K se observó en forma similar en QRI y GP, localizándose fundamentalmente en células del infiltrado inflamatorio. También se observó en el revestimiento epitelial quístico y capsula de quistes y células endoteliales vasculares; mientras que no se detectó en ligamento periodontal sano.

Conclusiones

CSF-1 y Catepsina K se expresan en LPAs y podrían participar en la génesis y/o progresión de la PAC.

Palabras clave:

Lesiones periapicales

periodontitis apical crónica

osteólisis

CSF-1

catepsina-K.

Abstract

Periapical Lesions (PLs) represent an immunoinflammatory disease of infectious origin, characterized by periapical tissue destruction. PLs are linked to the expression of various inflammatory mediators: Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1) that stimulates differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells and Cathepsin K, an enzyme associated with bone destruction, could be related to osteolysis during PL. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of these mediators in inflammatory radicular cyst, periapical granuloma and healthy periodontal tissue.

Materials and Methods

We selected 13 individuals with clinical diagnosis of Apical Periodontitis (AP) and indication of extraction. Healthy subjects having indication of extraction for orthodontic reasons were also included. After extraction, specimens were biopsied and histological diagnosis was made. Subsequently, immunohistochemical staining was carried out to identify the mediators in study, and finally the samples were examined in a light microscope.

Results

CSF-1 and Cathepsin K expression was distributed similarly in apical granulomas and radicular cysts. They were mainly immunolocalized to inflammatory infiltrates. Also lining epithelium, cyst capsule, and vascular endothelium were mildly immunopositive. No immunoreactivity was observed in healthy periodontium.

Conclusions

CSF-1 and Cathepsin K are expressed in PLs and may participate in the pathogenesis of AP

Key words:

Periapical lesions

apical periodontitis

osteolysis

CSF-1

cathepsin-K.

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