Please cite this article as: Sanabria FR. Preguntas Y Respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014; 42(3):243–244.
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Preguntas Y Respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014; 42(3):243–244.</p>" ] ] "examen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "preguntaReferenciaRespuesta" => array:2 [ 0 => null 1 => array:1 [ "pregunta" => array:2 [ "identificador" => "exq0005" "pregunta" => "<p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This section includes questions prepared on the basis of the contents of the articles published in volume 42, number 2 of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology</span>. Accept this challenge to test your reading comprehension and knowledge.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1.</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All of the following relate to the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">“medical error”</span> except:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inability to complete an action plan as expected</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most of the time it is the result of carelessness</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most serious events are associated with problems that are inherent (latent) to the processes used</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Use of the wrong plan for achieving a goal</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2.</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ventricular ejection time:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Is the period of time between the opening and closing of the aortic valve</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Is independent from contractility</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Is significantly reduced by mechanical ventilation</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Does not change with changes in afterload</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3.</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Which of the following tools are less accurate for assessing cardiac volumes?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0020"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Echocardiography</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thermodilution</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0075"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Systolic variability</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0080"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4.</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the following dietary supplements, which has the lowest level of recommendation:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0025"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0085"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Melatonin</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0090"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Co-enzyme Q10</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0095"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ginkgo biloba</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0100"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ginger</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0105"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5.</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In post cardiac arrest syndrome, all of the following are true, except:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0030"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0110"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When the mechanism is pulseless electrical activity, progression to neurological damage is faster and the prognosis is worse than when defibrillation can be used</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0115"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypothermia between 32 and 34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C is the gold standard in post cardiac arrest care</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0120"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neurological damage after 56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes of cardiac arrest with no care is almost always irreversible</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0125"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Better neurological results are seen when oxygen arterial pressure is greater than 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm of mercury</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0130"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6.</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the management of hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest syndrome it is true that:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0035"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0135"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The induction phase must be started within two hours after spontaneous return of circulation</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0140"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Magnesium sulphate administration has been suggested for the prevention of shivering from cold</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0145"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the induction phase, hypertension and hyperkalaemia are the most destabilizing factors for the patient</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0150"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is recommended to initiate hypothermia only after spontaneous cardiac activity returns</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0155"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">7.</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the rewarming phase in the management of postcardiac arrest the following is false:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0040"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0160"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rewarming must be done at a rate of 0.2 to 0.3 degrees centigrade per hour until normothermia is achieved</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0165"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prophylactic antibiotics must be given early on while hypothermia is maintained</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0170"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of seizures, hypertension and cerebral oedema has been described</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0175"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">QT interval prolongation, hypomagnesaemia and hypophosphatemia have been described</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0180"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">8.</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of ultrasound by anaesthetists has shown to be effective in all of the following, except for:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0045"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0185"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diagnosis</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0190"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Procedure guidance</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0195"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Screening</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0200"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quantitative ultrasound</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0205"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">9.</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding simulation as a tool for safety initiatives, it has been found that:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0050"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0210"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has been used to train staff regarding safety and teamwork</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0215"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Organizational and human factors have been proposed as limitations for the effect of many methodologies adopted</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0220"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">New concepts sometimes go against established ideas and emotions of the medical and other staff regarding healthcare functioning</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0225"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All of the above are true</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0230"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">10.</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Epidermolysis bullosa is a genetically determined mechanical blistering disease. About this disease, it is false that:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0055"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0235"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a.</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It always produces severe dysfunction and patient survival is less than one year</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0240"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b.</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of its histologic form is dermolytic or dystrophic</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0245"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c.</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The absence of laminin 5 protein is responsible for Herlitz epidermolysis bullosa</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0250"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d.</span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Locoregional technique is preferred over general anaesthesia as far as the intraoperative pharmacological treatment is concerned</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Reference</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Raffan F. Preguntas y Respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014;42: April–June(2).</p></span>" ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/22562087/0000004200000003/v2_201407220045/S2256208714000558/v2_201407220045/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "950" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Questions and answers" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/22562087/0000004200000003/v2_201407220045/S2256208714000558/v2_201407220045/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2256208714000558?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]