Please cite this article as: Sanabria FR. Preguntas y respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014;42:335–336.
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Preguntas y respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2014;42:335–336.</p>" ] ] "examen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "preguntaReferenciaRespuesta" => array:2 [ 0 => null 1 => array:1 [ "pregunta" => array:2 [ "identificador" => "exq0005" "pregunta" => "<p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This section includes questions prepared on the basis of the contents of the articles published in volume 42, number 3 of the Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>. Accept this challenge to test your reading comprehension and knowledge.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(1)</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with massive bleeding, which of the following factors is the best indicator of hospital mortality?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Drop in plasma calcium</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Minimum fibrinogen concentration</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The degree of acidosis</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thrombocytopenia</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(2)</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As relates to leadership competencies, which of the following management styles is characteristic of the Toyota Lean system?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authority</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Labour accounting as a major expense</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Answering questions</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asking questions</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(3)</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Which of the following factors have not been associated with implantable pacemaker malfunction?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0020"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Metal detectors</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mobile phones</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Non-ionizing radiation</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0075"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Transformers</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0080"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(4)</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The CUSUM graphic model (Cumulative Sum) has proven to be a great tool for assessing psychomotor education in health. Regarding this model, it is false that:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0025"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0085"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The procedures most frequently assessed are orotracheal intubation, vascular catheterization and regional anaesthesia</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0090"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It assesses only psychomotor learning</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0095"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It considers failure possibility from the point of view of type 1 and type 2 errors</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0100"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The number of attempts at orotracheal intubation after which 75% of the people assessed achieve a 95% success rate is close to 130</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0105"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(5)</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neira A, Aguirre FC, Gómez MG et al., in their research on the effects of sevoflurane on neuroapoptosis and cognitive function in animals subjected to multiple exposures found that:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0030"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0110"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Repeated exposure to sevoflurane at sub-MAC doses produces significant behavioural disorders associated with anxiety in adult rats</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0115"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the cerebral cortex of adult rats exposed previously during the neonatal period no extensive foci of neuronal death were found</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0120"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Spatial memory was not affected</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0125"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caspase 3 is a marker of neuroapoptosis.</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0130"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(6)</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In multiple-trauma patients, which of the following is not considered an independent risk factor for the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0035"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0135"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Femoral fracture</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0140"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">APACHE II score</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0145"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blood transfusion</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0150"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gender</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0155"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(7)</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the work by Pantoja H et al., which of the following classifications has the highest positive predictive value for perioperative cardiovascular events?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0040"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0160"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Goldman</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0165"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Detsky</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0170"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lee</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0175"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ASA</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0180"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(8)</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In relation to the adult anatomy of the upper airway, it is true that:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0045"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0185"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The larynx begins at the level of C6 in most patients</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0190"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The right lung upper lobe has four segments</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0195"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The larynx is divided into two structures: nasopharinx and oropharynx</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0200"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The length of the upper airway varies significantly according to age</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0205"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(9)</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the use of fresh frozen plasma during surgery in patients with craniosynostosis, it is true that:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0050"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0210"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It reduces blood loss volume</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0215"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It reduces the number of transfusions</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0220"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It shortens length of stay</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0225"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It does not affect these variables significantly</p></li></ul></p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0230"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(10)</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding botulinum toxin, it is false that:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0055"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0235"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(a)</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It increases ACH release in the nerve endings</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0240"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(b)</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main effector is the motor plate</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0245"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(c)</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Its therapeutic effect lasts 3–months</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0250"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">(d)</span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It only affects motor neurons</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Reference</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">1. Raffan F. Preguntas y Respuestas. Rev. Colomb. Anestesiol. 2014;42: July–September (3).</p></span>" ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/22562087/0000004200000004/v1_201409200219/S225620871400090X/v1_201409200219/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "950" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Questions and answers" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/22562087/0000004200000004/v1_201409200219/S225620871400090X/v1_201409200219/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S225620871400090X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]