covid
Buscar en
Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología La metoclopramida no disminuye la incidencia de náusea vómito postoperatorios ...
Información de la revista
Vol. 37. Núm. 1.
Páginas 13-20 (febrero - abril 2009)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 37. Núm. 1.
Páginas 13-20 (febrero - abril 2009)
INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
Open Access
La metoclopramida no disminuye la incidencia de náusea vómito postoperatorios cuando se asocia a dexametasona en pacientes ambulatorios llevados a procedimientos otorrinolaringológicos
Visitas
3857
Eduardo Zárate
, Edgardo Corrales*, Juan Marcos Guzmán**, Ramiro Alcalá**, Wilmer Fragoso**, Catalina Soto**
* Profesor Asistente Departamento de Anestesiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San
** Residente III año Departamento de Anestesiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San Ignacio.
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
RESUMEN

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto profiláctico antiemético de la combinación dexametasona - metoclopramida en pacientes llevados a procedimientos otorrinolaringológicos. Materiales y Métodos: En este estudio doble ciego y placebo controlado, 208 pacientes ambulatorios anestesiados con una técnica anestésica convencional, fueron aleatorizados para recibir dexametasona 8 mg durante la inducción anestésica y metoclopramida, 10 mg al final de la cirugía (Grupo A), dexametasona, 8 mg durante la inducción anestésica y placebo al final de la cirugía (Grupo B), placebo durante la inducción anestésica y metoclopramida, 10 mg al final de la cirugía (Grupo C) o placebo durante la inducción anestésica y al final de la cirugía (Grupo D). La ausencia de vómito y de náusea moderada y no solicitud de administración de medicación antiemética de rescate, se consideraron componentes de la respuesta completa al tratamiento antiemético. Resultados: Durante el período pre-alta del hospital, el número de pacientes que experimentaron respuesta completa al tratamiento profiláctico fue significativamente mayor en los grupos B (90.4%) y A (86.5%) al compararlos con los grupos D (55.8%) y C (75%). A las 24 horas, la proporción de pacientes con una respuesta completa fue significativamente mayor en el grupo A (96.2%) en comparación con los grupo C (67.3%) y D (78.8%) y de igual forma en el grupo B (88%) en comparación con el grupo C (67.3%). Conclusiones: La combinación de dexametasona con metoclopramida no es significativamente más efectiva que la administración de dexametasona sola en la profilaxis de náusea y vómito postoperatorios.

Palabras Clave:
Dexametasona
Metoclopramida
Náusea
Vómito
NVPO
SUMMARY

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic antiemetic effects of the combination dexamethasone - metoclopramide in patients undergoing ear-nose-throat procedures. Materials and methods: In this placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 208 outpatients under standardized anesthetic were randomized to receive dexamethasone 8 mg before anesthesia induction and metoclopramide, 10 mg at the end of surgery (Group A), dexamethasone 8 mg before anesthesia induction and placebo at the end of surgery (Group B), placebo before anesthesia induction and metoclopramide, 10 mg at the end of surgery (Group C) or placebo before anesthesia induction and at the end of surgery (Group D). Complete response to prophylactic antiemetic medication was defined as no vomiting no sustained moderate nausea and no requesting of antiemetic drug. Results: During predischarge period, the number of patients with complete response to prophylactic antiemetic medication was significantly higher in groups B (90.4%) and A (86.5%) in comparison with groups D (55.8%) and C (75%). At the 24 h follow-up evaluation, complete response was higher in group A (96.2%) in comparison with groups C (67.3%) and D (78.8%). Conclusions: combination dexamethasone-metoclopramide is not more effective than administration of dexamethasone alone in the posoperative profylaxis of nausea and vomiting.

Keywords:
Dexamethasone
Metoclopramide
Nausea
Vomiting
PONV
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
[1.]
P.F. White, J.F. O'Hara, C.R. Roberson.
The impact of current antiemetic practices on patient outcomes: a prospective study on high-risk patients.
Anesth Analg, 107 (2008), pp. 452-458
[2.]
P.F. White, M.F. Watcha.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting: prophylaxis versus treatment.
Anesth Analg, 89 (1999), pp. 1337-1339
[3.]
Practice guidelines for postanesthetic care.
A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Postanesthetic Care.
Anesthesiology, 96 (2002), pp. 742-752
[4.]
T.J. Gan, F. Sloan, Dear Gde.
How much are patients willing to pay to avoid postoperative nausea and vomiting?.
Anesth Analg, 92 (2001), pp. 393-400
[5.]
T.J. Gan, T. Meyer, C.C. Apfel.
Consensus guidelines for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Anesth Analg, 97 (2003), pp. 62-71
[6.]
M.F. Watcha.
The cost-effective management of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Anesthesiology, 92 (2000), pp. 931-933
[7.]
C.C. Apfel, K. Korttila, M. Abdalla.
A factorial trial of six interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
N Engl J Med, 350 (2004), pp. 2441-2451
[8.]
I. Henzi, B. Walder, M.R. Tramer.
Dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review.
Anesth Analg, 90 (2000), pp. 186-194
[9.]
G.J. Sanger, F.D. King.
From metoclopramida to selective gut motility stimulants and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.
Drug Des Delivery, 3 (1988), pp. 273-295
[10.]
I. Henzi, B. Walder, M.R. Tramer.
Metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled studies.
Br J Anaesth, 83 (1999), pp. 761-771
[12.]
C.L. Wu, S.M. Berenholtz, P.J. Pronovost.
Systematic review and analysis of postdischarge symptoms after outpatient surgery.
Anesthesiology, 96 (2002), pp. 994-1003
[13.]
T.J. Gan, T.A. Meyer, C.C. Apfel.
Society for ambulatory anesthesia guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Anesth Analg, 105 (2007), pp. 1615-1628
[14.]
C.R. Sinclair, F. Chung, G. Mezei.
Can postoperative nausea and vomiting be predicted?.
Anesthesiology, 91 (1999), pp. 109-117
[15.]
M.R. Tramér.
A rational approach to the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting: evidence from systematic reviews.
Part I: efficacy and harm of antiemetic interventions, and methodological issues. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 45 (2001), pp. 4-13
[16.]
A.S. Habib, T.J. Gan.
Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review.
Can J Anesth, 51 (2004), pp. 326-341
[17.]
S. Young.
Mechanismof decline in rat brain 5-hydroytryptamine after induction of liver tryptophan pyrrolaseby hydrocortisone: roles of tryptophane catabolism and kynurenine synthesis.
Br J Pharmacol, 74 (1981), pp. 695
[18.]
N. Frederikson, T. Hursti, C. Fürst.
Nausea in cancer chemotherapy is inversely related to urinary cortisol excretion.
Br J Cancer, 65 (1992), pp. 779-780
[19.]
S. Sagar.
The current role of anti-emetic drugs in oncology: a recent revolution in patient symptom control.
Cancer Treat Rev, 18 (1991), pp. 95-135
[20.]
D.N. Bateman.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide.
Clin Pharmacokinet, 8 (1983), pp. 523-529
[21.]
L.R. Ferrari, J.V. Donlon.
Metoclopramide reduces the incidence of vomiting after tonsillectomy in children.
Anesth Analg, 75 (1992), pp. 351-354
[22.]
S.R. Furst, A. Rodarte.
prophylactic antiemetic treatment with ondansetron in children undergoing tonsillectomy.
Anesthesiology, 81 (1994), pp. 799-803
[23.]
R. Saller, D. Hellenbretch, A. Hellstern, H. Hess.
Improved benefit/risk ratio of higher-dose metoclopramide therapy during cisplatin-induced emesis.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 29 (1985), pp. 311-312
[24.]
P.F. White, O. Sacan, N. Nuangchammong.
The relationship between patient risk factors and early versus late postoperative emetic symptoms.
Anesth Analg, 107 (2008), pp. 459-463
[25.]
C.C. Chu, J.P. Shie, J.I. Tzeng.
The prophylactic effect of haloperidol plus dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy.
Anesth Analg, 106 (2008), pp. 1402-1406

Primer Premio Concurso Jorge Colmenares, XXVIII Congreso Colombiano de Anestesiología, marzo 2009. Bogotá.

Copyright © 2009. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo