Confiabilidad y validez de la escala para homofobia en estudiantes de medicina*

Información del artículo

Resumen

Introducción

Existen varias escalas para cuantificar homofobia en distintas poblaciones. Sin embargo, no se conoce la confiabilidad ni la validez de alguno de estos instrumentos en estudiantes universitarios colombianos. Así, este trabajo busca estimar la confiabilidad (consistencia interna) y la validez de la Escala para Homofobia en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada de Bogotá (Colombia).

Método

Estudio metodológico con 199 estudiantes de medicina de primero a quinto semestre que diligenciaron la Escala para Homofobia, el cuestionario de bienestar general, la Escala de Actitud ante Hombres Homosexuales y Mujeres Lesbianas (ATGL), WHO-5 (validez divergente) y la Escala de Francis para Actitud ante el Cristianismo (validez nomológica). Se calcularon correlaciones de Pearson, coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach, coeficiente omega (confiabilidad de constructo) y análisis factorial confirmatorio.

Resultados

La Escala para Homofobia mostró un coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach de 0,785, un coeficiente omega de 0,790 y una correlación de Pearson con la ATGL de 0,844; con la WHO-5, −0,059; y con la Escala de Francis para Actitud ante el Cristianismo, 0,187. La Escala para Homofobia presentó un factor relevante que dio cuenta del 44,7% de la varianza total.

Conclusiones

La Escala para Homofobia muestra una aceptable confiabilidad y validez. Nuevos estudios deben investigar la estabilidad de la escala y la validez nomológica frente a otros constructos.

Palabras clave:

Homosexualidad

prejuicio

actitud

estudiantes de medicina

estudios de validación

Abstract

Introduction

There are several scales to quantify homophobia in different populations. However, the reliability and validity of these instruments among Colombian students are unknown. Consequently, this work is intended to assess reliability (inner consistency) as well as the validity of the Scale for Homophobia in Medicine students from a private university in Bogotá (Colombia).

Methodology

Methodological study with 199 Medicine students from 1st to 5th semester that filled out the Homophobia Scale form, the general welfare questionnaire, the Attitude Towards Gays and Lesbians Scale (ATGL), WHO-5 (divergent validity) and the Francis Scale of Attitude Toward Christianity (nomologic validity). Pearson's correlations were computed, the Cronbach's alfa coefficient, the omega coefficient (construct's reliability) and confirmatory factorial analysis.

Results

The Scale for Homophobia showed an alpha Cronbach coefficient of 0,785, an omega coefficient of 0,790 and a Pearson correlation with the ATGL of 0,844; with WHO-5, −0,059; and a Francis Scale of Attitude Toward Christianity, 0,187. The Scale toward Homophobia exhibited a relevant factor of 44,7% of the total variance.

Conclusions

The Scale for Homophobia showed acceptable reliability and validity. New studies should investigate the stability of the scale and the nomologic validity regarding other constructs.

Key words:

Homosexuality

prejudice

attitude

medical students

validation studies

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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Este trabajo se inscribió en la línea de género del Grupo de salud sexual y reproductiva UnBosque-Enfermería, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia, y se llevó a cabo para optar al título de magíster en salud sexual y reproductiva (Adalberto Campo-Arias).

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